Curling, also known as curling and curling, is a throwing competition on the ice with the team as the unit. The Winter Olympics includes both men's and women's events. Curling is a round pot, made of natural granite in Scotland, without mica. Its circumference is about 9 1.44 cm, its height (pot bottom and pot top) is 1 1.43 cm, and its maximum weight (including handle and plug) is19.96kg..
Curling history
Curling originated in Scotland in the14th century, and stones engraved with the year 15 1 1 are still preserved in Scotland.
1795, the first curling club was established in Scotland. 1838, the first formal competition rules were formulated by the Scottish curling club.
Curling was introduced to Canada from 1807, and became popular in the United States and other places from 1820. Since then, curling as a winter sport has gradually developed in Europe and North America.
At the beginning of the 20th century, with the efforts of Canadian curling enthusiasts, the rules and methods of this sport were improved, and gradually moved from outdoor to indoor, and the first national curling competition was held in 1927. The first world curling championship started at 1959, formerly known as Scotch Whisky Cup, 1968 was renamed Canadian Silver Broom Championship, and 1986 was officially named world curling championship.
From 65438 to 0955, curling was introduced to Asia and became very popular in Japan and South Korea.
1924, curling first appeared as a performance in the Winter Olympics. 1966 The International Curling Federation was established, and 199 1 was changed to the World Curling Federation, which was recognized by the International Olympic Committee. Curling on ice has been listed as a performance item in the Winter Olympics for six times: 1924, 1932, 1936, 1964, 1968 and 1992. 1993, the IOC decided to include curling as an official event of the Winter Olympics from 1998. In Asia, curling has been listed as an official competition since the 5th Asian Winter Games.
Curling field
In fact, the cross section of the curling track is U-shaped, not horizontal. The reason for this design is not the mistake of the ice maker, but the professional level of the ice maker, because the U-shaped ice surface can help high-level athletes play curved balls.
The venue of curling competition is an ice track with a length of 44.5 meters and a width of 4.32 meters. Draw a circle with a diameter of1.83m at one end of the rink as the player's service area, which is called home plate. A circle is also drawn at the other end of the ice channel, which is called the camp. The camp consists of four concentric circles with radii of 0. 15m, 0.6 1m, 1.22m and1.83m. Paint red between the two circles outside. An inclined rubber pedal is installed at both ends of the site. There is a blue solid line at the front and back ends of the curling ground, which is called "avant-garde line" and "guard line". After curling, if you don't enter the avant-garde line or cross the back line, it will be considered invalid and will be cleared out.
Sideline: Any stone ball that touches the sideline is considered out of bounds and should be removed from the field immediately.
House: a piece of ice, one at each end, consists of several concentric circles.
Hack: Located between the edge of the court and the circular base, players can kick back and forth when pitching.
Service line: when pitching, if the stone ball has passed the center line of the pitching area, it can't be thrown again. After the stone ball is thrown, your own ice brush can brush the ice before the stone ball passes through the center line of the target area; After that, the opponent will have the right to brush the ice to make the ball leave the center.
Arch line: When throwing the ball, the player must leave the ball before the hurdle line in the throwing area. After throwing the ball, if the stone ball stops before it completely crosses the fence line of the target area, the ball is considered out of bounds. But if it has collided with the ball in the game, it is unnecessary for the ball to cross the hurdle completely.
Curling rules
In curling competition, each game is played by two teams, and each team consists of four players. The game played 10 innings. Players from both teams have two curling opportunities, that is, two pitching opportunities. The two teams pitch alternately according to the order of first base, second base, third base and main force. When one player throws the ball, two players of our team quickly brush the ice in front of curling, so that curling can reach the center of the camp accurately. At the same time, in order to keep curling away from the center of the circle, the opposing team members can also sweep the ice in front of curling. When the player throws the ball, he squats down, pushes the ice pedal forward on the pedal device to make his body kneel forward and slide, and at the same time pushes the ball forward from the center of home plate with a curling hand. When he reached the avant-garde line, he let go of curling and slid to the center of the camp in a straight or arc trajectory. While trying to slide the curling to the center of the camp, the bowler can also hit the curling of the opponent out of the camp or his own curling into the center of the camp under the command of the main players. Finally, when both players have finished curling, the winner will be decided according to the distance between curling on the court and the center of the camp. The team with more than one stone 1 minute wins.
The competition is divided into two teams, each with four people, who throw stones in turn. Before the competition, the throwing point near the center of the circle is the first. Each game (end) ends after each team alternately throws the ball. Each team throws two balls respectively, and eight people * * * sixteen balls.
Skip should lead the game. When a player throws a ball, the main player should hold a broom as the goal of pitching. The commander should also indicate the turning direction and the sliding distance of the stone ball, so that the players can know the purpose of throwing the ball, so that the ice sweeper can decide how to brush the ice, because brushing the ice can increase the sliding distance of the stone ball and reduce its forward curve.
A game needs two groups of stone balls, eight in each group. These stone balls should be colored so that they can still be easily identified at the other end of the rink. Traditionally, in the first game, the team that has no right to throw the last ball can choose its ball color.
Player position
In order to avoid crowding, the rules of the game also stipulate the position of players:
Non-throwing team: the main conductor and No.3 can stand behind the bottom line of the target end, and the main conductor can also stand behind the main conductor of the throwing team. The second-ranked thrower can stand near the backboard, while other players can stand behind the bottom of the rink or between the two hurdles.
Throwing team: The main commander (or deputy commander) with an ice brush can stand anywhere behind the center line of the target end.
exceptional case
If the thrower fails to release the ball before it reaches the throwing end fence, the other team has the right to choose the disposal method of the ball:
(1) still regards the ball as valid;
(2) treat the ball as out, and put all the balls hit by the ball back in their original positions.
Accidental touch of the ball
When a stone ball slides, if the player of the throwing party (usually an ice brush) accidentally touches the ball with his body, clothes or ice brush, the ball is regarded as touching the ball. After the slider is finished, the other team can punish the ball in one of the following three ways:
1, still depending on the ball.
2. treat the ball as out of bounds and put all the balls hit by the ball back to their original positions.
3. If the balls are not touched, estimate the position of each ball in the field. And move each ball on the court to its estimated position.
Law of brushing ice
The ice brush of the ball thrower can brush the ice for his own stone ball moving between the two center lines. However, after the center line, only one player of each team can brush ice for his own stone ball, and only the main player can brush ice for the other team's stone ball.
Calculated fraction
The team with the stone ball in the house and closest to the center of the round base scores. Each stone ball of the team located on the round base and closer to the center of the circle than all the stone balls of other teams can get one point. Before moving any stone balls, the third player in the two teams should know the score.
measure
If two stone balls belonging to different teams are not sure which one is closer to the center of the circle, unless the other stone ball is closer to the center of the circle, the game will be considered as no score.
There are four people in each curling team. The two teams used 16 curling stone (also called rolling stone) in the match. Listen to the instructions of the main players and play one-on-one in the order of first baseman, second baseman, third baseman and main players. Players of the two teams throw the ball on the ice twice, each time throwing curling stones. The two teams threw 16 curling stones for a match.
The main players give countermeasures.
The ice sweeper brushes quickly on the ice to change the sliding direction and speed of the curling stone.
The thrown curling stone slides forward with an appropriate curve while rotating, and it is ideal for the curling stone to rotate for one and a half to two and a half times.
It is also one of the skills to sweep the curling stones of the opposing team out of the circle.
If the curling stone exceeds the warning line, it will be disqualified.
When throwing stones, be sure to release the hand holding the curling stone before the avant-garde line. When the thrown stone can't cross the opponent's avant-garde line, it will be disqualified.
The four players are integrated and need close cooperation.
The rink used in curling competition is 44.5 meters long and 4.75 meters wide. About 40 meters away from the pitching point, the place with the circular sign is the "base camp" (3.66 meters in diameter). The team that throws stones closest to the center of the base camp wins. At the moment when the hand holding the stone is released, even if there is a little angle deviation, it will slip out 40 meters away like the OB of golf, leading to greater mistakes. Curling stone weight 19. 1kg, diameter 30cm, thinnest thickness11.5cm. ..
One game 10 game, the game time is about 2 hours and 30 minutes. Two teams * * * threw 16 stones for a game. According to the number of stones thrown from the center of the base camp by both players, the score is calculated to decide the outcome.
[Edit this paragraph] Curling
Holding method of curling stone
Curling stone is not only held by hand, but also deep in the palm system, and it needs close cooperation between fingers and palms. It is very important to grasp the curling stone with strong fingers and control the continuous stone throwing. Throwing stones has the skills of big rotation and small rotation.
Curling throwing and method
The number of stones thrown by both players from the center of the base camp is used to calculate the score and decide the outcome. The victory or defeat depends on the number of stones from the center of the opponent's base camp. (See Figure 1)
1. The athlete crouches down, makes a posture of sitting on his calf, straightens his arms and easily puts the curling stone in front of him. Shoulders vertical, arms straight, knees together, body straight. It is important to control your balance when you relax.
2. Start throwing stones and move the curling stone forward slightly at the same time. Before throwing a stone, you should lift the trunk part first.
3. The key to keep straight arms and shoulders is to lift the trunk. As long as you master the grip and self-control of curling stones and throw them in the right posture, you won't make mistakes.
4. Curling stones are thrown with shoulders. Adjust the distance of throwing stones by swinging the straight shoulder back and forth. It is very important to control the small stride, which is actually the rotation of the foot. Keeping a good center of gravity when throwing stones is also one of the most important factors. Move the body center of gravity to the slightly bent right foot, and control and master the balance with the left foot.
5. Put the curling stone in front of you, straighten your arms and slowly move your feet behind the curling stone. Because the body's center of gravity should move from the hind foot to the front foot that bends forward, it is necessary to master the balance. You can also use the hand of the brush to adjust the balance.
6. The stone thrower puts the curled stone completely in front of him, straightens his feet backward and moves forward. It is very important to make the shoulders perpendicular to the brush, which helps to adjust the balance. At the moment of throwing the stone, the chest fell on the inside of the knee, and the curled stone came out and flew to the destination. At this point, the body is completely balanced, even without brush support.
7. After throwing a stone, the body stretches to the lowest and farthest extent, the shoulders remain vertical until the last action is completed, and the arms should also be extended. In order not to form bad habits, keep the lowest posture after throwing curling stones until throwing stones.
[Edit this paragraph] Wheelchair Curling
Wheelchair curling is one of the fastest growing winter sports in Paralympic Games. The curling stones used by athletes are the same as those used in ordinary curling competitions. They also use the same curling court and the same rules of the game, but brushes are not allowed. Another difference is that curling athletes are allowed to choose walking sticks (sticks) that can transfer stones and stabilize wheelchairs. Wheelchair curling has six laps per game, and ordinary curling has ten laps per game. Wheelchair curling was included in the Paralympic Games in 2006.
[Edit this paragraph] Curling spirit
Curling is a skill sport as well as a traditional sport. A beautiful throw is extremely pleasing to the eye, and it is also a pleasure to watch a traditional game that truly embodies the spirit of curling and enjoys a long history and reputation. Athletes should win the game, but never despise their opponents. A real athlete would rather lose the game than win injustice. A good curling player never intentionally interferes with his opponent, nor does it prevent him from playing his best. No curling athlete should violate the rules of the game and any regulations. But if he didn't mean to foul and realized it, he should take the initiative to inform him. If the score is too different, you should take the initiative to admit defeat, so as not to waste your opponent's physical strength. Although curling is a competitive sport, its spiritual essence needs good sportsmanship, friendliness and respectable behavior. This spirit is reflected by the interpretation and application of the rules of the game and the behavior of everyone on and off the court.
[Edit this paragraph] Curling terminology
Curling competition.
Throwing stones and passing stones.
Had to partition. It has a diameter of 12 feet, four central rings and an inner surface with a diameter of 8 feet.
Curling team. There are four players: the fourth player (the player with the brush), the third player (or the auxiliary brush player), the second player and the first player (the first stone thrower). Every time you throw a stone, all players participate. You must throw a stone once, two brushes and a summoning strategy.
Organization. 146 ft. The design of the competition area can be used in both directions.
Pull a stone. This is the most basic and widely used shooting, that is, throwing curling stones in front of or in the partition.
Defensive stone. Throw the curling stone between the pig line and the house to prevent the curling stone from entering the house.
Knock it back and hit the stone. Place the curling stones in front of one or more existing curling stones on the site. Tap-backs is to push the opponent's curling stone off the service line, but stop behind the stone thrower's curling stone and miss it, so it is difficult to knock the curling stone out of the court conveniently.
The channel hit a stone. The gap between two curling stones is called a port. When a stone thrower needs to get his curling stone through two or more obstacles, he needs to throw a portes ball.
The promotion of stone chips is to hit a curling stone in front of the house, that is, to hit the center of the partition (tee) with a shooting stone. At the same time, the catapult was promoted to the central stone, which played the role of a guard.
Promotion and removal of stone throwing. After the curling stone is hit by the shooting stone, the curling stone of the opponent is pushed back to make the curling stone of the opponent be driven out of the house or shot.
Wonderful stone-beating. If you want to throw the curling stone behind the guard stone; Or if you want to knock a well-protected curling stone out of the court, one way is to throw it out, hit a curling stone parked outside, and then turn the thrown stone to the target location. This kind of shot is probably one of the best shots in curling, because it usually has unexpected results.
Give a stone. There are two forms of free gifts, both of which involve (two or more) curling stones being very close, even close together. In one case, the line connecting the centers of two curling stones faces (refers to) the center of the partition or target area; In another case, the tangents of two curling stones point to the scoring center or target area.
Peeling and tapping stones. When your team is in the lead, or your opponent has a curling stone in the house and it is well protected, you will want to remove the obstacle (guard) stone before winning the division. When this situation exists, this shooting will be called stripping. Peeling is to remove a curly stone in front of the partition, and the projectile and the removed stone are knocked off at the same time, and do not enter (pass through) the partition without causing any loss. Sometimes, it is a good strategy to use the impact force to push the guard stone to remove the curling stone protected by the guard stone. However, this strategy also has great risks. As long as there is a little mistake, your archer will stay where he is and become the opponent's guard, giving the opponent a chance to put another guard stone or another curling stone into the partition.
[Edit this paragraph] Curling equipment
Curling equipment includes curling, racing shoes and brushes. Curling is made of mica-free granite in Scotland, with a standard diameter of 30cm, a height of11.5cm and a weight of 19. 1 kg. Players wear special shoes for competition, and the soles of the two shoes are different in texture. The skater's sole is rubber while the skater's sole is plastic.
Curling is a competition in which a team pushes curling on the ice. This sport originated in Scotland, and it was listed as the performance of the Winter Olympics six times from 1924 to 1992. Since 1998, it has been listed as an official event of the Winter Olympics. There are two gold medals for men and women in the curling competition in Turin Winter Olympics. China didn't send a team to the competition.
There are four players in each team in the competition. During the competition, the two sides pushed the sliding pot to the camp once and then for the second time in the order of first baseman, second baseman, third baseman and main force, thus completing a competition. Each game is judged by the distance between the two teams curling from the center of the camp. If Team A has two stones closer to the center of the circle than Team B, Team A will get 2 points, and so on. The team that scores more points will win the game in the end. The order of curling in the first match between the two teams was decided by lottery. Starting from the second game, the winning team in the last game pushes first.
During the competition, athletes wear curling sports shoes, in which the skaters wear rubber soles and the skaters wear plastic soles. When pushing and sliding, you must put your feet on the pedal, so that curling can cross the opponent's avant-garde line but not the defender line, otherwise you will be disqualified.
Special shoes for athletes: There is a special skateboard at the bottom of the slipper, and the athlete holds a shoe cover, which is usually put on to protect the skateboard. If you don't look carefully, the appearance is basically the same as that of ordinary shoes; There is a protective layer in front of the shoe of the auxiliary foot, because this part needs to contact with ice to generate friction when throwing the pot in the game.
Athletes' shoes are no different from ordinary shoes except for the front color. The ice length of the competition is about 44 meters. Ice surface is different from figure skating and short track speed skating. It is not completely flat, and the top layer is covered with special tiny particles. Athletes can brush the ice surface with an ice brush to change the friction between curling and the ice surface and adjust the direction.
[Edit this paragraph] Curling organization
World Curling Federation (WCF)
Founded in April/966,/kloc-0 was initiated by Scotland, Canada, the United States, Sweden, Norway and Switzerland. It was then called "International Curling Federation" (ICF) and changed its name to 19 1 in June. The association currently has 36 members. The working language is English.
Curling was listed as a performance event in 1988 and 1992 Winter Olympics, and as an official event in 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano.
The mission of the World Curling Federation is to be the representative of curling in the world and promote the development of this sport in all countries of the world. Promote cooperation and mutual understanding among members of the association and unite curling enthusiasts all over the world; Safeguard the interests of world curling; Organize curling competitions and formulate competition rules; Respect the autonomy of association members.
The main organs of the organization are the General Assembly, the Executive Committee and the Administrative Committee.
The number of representatives of the association members attending the meeting is related to the size of the association. There are four representatives for the association with 10000 or more, Theory of Three Represents for the association with 300 1 to 10000, and the rest are two representatives. The voting number of the association is also divided into four grades: 2, 4, 6 and 8 votes.
The Congress authorized the Executive Committee to lead the work of the Federation. The Executive Committee consists of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, the Chief Financial Officer and four members. The administrative committee consists of the chairman, the vice-chairman and the deputy director of finance, and its function is to implement the decisions of the congress and the executive committee.
China joined the World Curling Federation in 2003.