Explore high schools and universities.
Top-notch student training mode
The main problem: the single talent training mode is not conducive to the emergence of innovative talents.
The outline stipulates: pay attention to the different characteristics and personality differences of students and develop the advantages and potentials of each student. Promote the reform of teaching management system such as hierarchical teaching, shift system, credit system and tutorial system.
We will improve the method of selecting the best candidates through open and equal competition, improve the recommendation method for middle school students to enter higher schools, and innovate the training method for graduate students. Explore the training mode of top students in high schools and universities.
Building a modern school system
phase-out
The administrative level of a school.
The main problems are: the government manages schools too much and too carefully; The mechanism of social supervision and school self-discipline is imperfect; The autonomy of running colleges and universities has not been put in place; The internal governance structure of colleges and universities is imperfect and the tendency of administration is serious.
The outline stipulates: gradually abolish the actual administrative level and administrative management mode.
Fully implement the appointment system and post management system. Establish a scientific assessment and incentive mechanism.
Explore the establishment of the Council or board of directors of colleges and universities, and improve the long-term mechanism of social support and supervision of school development.
Improve the principal responsibility system of ordinary primary and secondary schools and secondary vocational schools. Improve the qualifications and appointment methods of principals.
Margin investment
expenditure on education
4% of GDP.
The main problems: the guarantee mechanism is not perfect and the investment is insufficient.
The outline stipulates: increase the proportion of national financial education expenditure to GDP, reaching 4% in 20 12.
Try to set up the post of chief accountant in colleges and universities to improve the professional level of capital use and asset management.
Examination enrollment system
Step by step implementation
Classified entrance examination for colleges and universities
The main problems: First, take the exam for life; Relying solely on the results of the college entrance examination, the selection criteria are single; Schools of different levels and types use the same test paper; The content and form of examination are not conducive to quality education; The competition opportunities for admission in provinces are unfair; The autonomy of college selection is not enough.
The outline stipulates: to promote the reform of the examination enrollment system: take the reform of the examination enrollment system as a breakthrough, overcome the disadvantages of "one exam for life", and promote the implementation of quality education and the cultivation of innovative talents. Explore the methods of relative separation of enrollment and examination, macro-management by the government, organization and implementation by professional institutions, independent enrollment by schools according to law, and multiple choices for students, and gradually form an examination enrollment system with classified examinations, comprehensive evaluation and multiple admissions. Set up a national education examination steering committee to study and formulate an examination reform plan.
Improve the enrollment system of middle school exams: improve the specific measures for junior high school entrance examination-free. Improve the academic proficiency test and comprehensive quality evaluation, and provide a more scientific basis for school enrollment in senior high school. Improve the enrollment methods of high school exams and give play to the guiding role of rational allocation of enrollment places in high-quality ordinary high schools and high-quality secondary vocational schools. Standardize the admission procedures and methods of outstanding special students. Secondary vocational schools implement independent enrollment or registration.
Improve the enrollment system of college examinations: deepen the reform of examination content and form, and pay attention to examining comprehensive quality and ability. Based on the requirements of talent selection in colleges and universities and the national curriculum standards, we should improve the national examination subject database, improve the unified proposition and provincial proposition methods, and ensure the scientific, guiding and normative national examination. Explore ways to take multiple exams for some subjects a year and explore the implementation of socialized exams.
Gradually implement the classified entrance examination for colleges and universities. The undergraduate entrance examination for colleges and universities is organized by the whole country; The entrance examination for higher vocational education is organized by all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). Explore the implementation of high-level college entrance examination. Adult higher education enrollment measures shall be determined by the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government). Deepen the reform of the postgraduate entrance examination system, strengthen the examination of innovation ability, and play and standardize the role of tutors in the selection and admission.
Improve enrollment methods, establish and improve a diversified enrollment mechanism conducive to the selection of specialized talents and innovative talents. Undergraduate enrollment in colleges and universities is mainly based on unified examination, combining academic level examination with comprehensive quality evaluation, and selecting the best candidates. Those who have outstanding skills and meet the training requirements of the school will be admitted independently according to the interview or test results; Those who have developed in an all-round way in high school and performed well are recommended for admission; Those who meet the requirements and voluntarily apply for jobs in industries and regions that the country needs will sign an agreement to implement directional admission; For talents who have made outstanding contributions or special talents in practical positions, special procedures are established and exceptional admission is made.
Strengthen information disclosure and social supervision: improve the information release system of examination enrollment, realize information disclosure and transparency, protect the rights and interests of candidates, and strengthen government and social supervision. Open the principles and methods of the allocation of enrollment places in colleges and universities, open the enrollment regulations and policies, enrollment procedures and results, and open the ways, procedures and results of independent enrollment. Strengthen the construction of examination enrollment laws and regulations and standardize school enrollment procedures. Strengthen the responsibility of exam safety, strengthen the construction of credit system, resolutely prevent and seriously investigate and deal with cheating in exam enrollment.
Reform of school-running and management system
Private higher education institutions
Master's and doctor's degrees can be awarded.
The main problems are: public schools lack vitality; The legal nature of private schools is not clear, and the relevant support policies are difficult to implement; Government services are not in place and guidance is insufficient.
According to the outline, private schools that meet the conditions for awarding bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctoral degrees shall be examined and approved according to the prescribed procedures.
Establish an education advisory Committee to provide consultation and demonstration for education reform and development, and improve the scientific nature of major educational decisions. Establish and improve the basic standards of national education. The establishment of national education quality monitoring and evaluation institutions, regularly publish monitoring and evaluation reports. Strengthen education supervision and inspection, and improve the education accountability mechanism.
Construction of teaching staff
Set up in primary and secondary schools
Full-time and senior teacher positions
The main problems are: the overall quality of teachers needs to be improved; The status and treatment of teachers need to be improved;
The outline stipulates that the state establishes honorary titles for teachers and educators who have made outstanding contributions.
Take the performance of teachers' morality as the primary content of teacher assessment, appointment and evaluation.
Improve the teacher training system, include teacher training funds in the government budget, and implement full-time training for primary and secondary school teachers every five years.
According to the law, the average salary level of teachers is not lower than or higher than the average salary level of national civil servants, and it is gradually improved. Implement performance pay for teachers. Formulate preferential housing policies for teachers.
Establish a unified series of primary and secondary school teachers' positions (titles), and set up full and senior teachers' positions (titles) in primary and secondary schools. Explore the establishment of full and senior teacher positions (titles) in vocational colleges.
Expert interpretation
Several possible measures of recent educational reform
This morning, after the outline of the national medium-and long-term education plan was officially announced to the public, this newspaper and Sohu Education Channel invited educational experts to comment on the outline for the first time and put forward their views on a series of educational reform actions that may be triggered by the outline in the near future. Experts participating in the review include: Ye Zhihong, Deputy Secretary-General of the Higher Education Society of the Ministry of Education; Cheng, a researcher at China Academy of Educational Sciences; Wang Feng, Deputy Director of Education System Reform Research Office of National Education Development Research Center; Wang Jintang, invited member of Beijing CPPCC, former president of Beijing No.1 Middle School.
College entrance examination English is expected to lead for more than a year.
The planning outline puts forward the specific reform direction of the college entrance examination reform that people are most concerned about, and it is very strong. Changing the "one exam for life" and "multiple admission mechanism" is the focus of the reform. Although these goals cannot be achieved in one step, the direction of college entrance examination reform has been clarified.
For the "one-year exam" proposed in the syllabus, experts believe that English is the most mature subject and is most likely to be implemented first. "Maybe just like taking TOEFL and IELTS now, there will be many exam opportunities in a year, and candidates can use the best results when enrolling students."
Colleges and universities independently determine the admission principle
Experts believe that the practical purpose of "exploring the relative separation of recruitment" is to implement the autonomy of college entrance examination enrollment, and provide conditions for students to choose multiple times, enroll students independently, and evaluate enrollment in multiple ways. After the separation of recruitment, their respective responsibilities can be more clearly defined. Examination institutions specialize in providing examination services and student achievement information, and do not participate in the unified enrollment process. When colleges and universities enroll students, they can make their own admission principles. For example, they can make use of students' test scores in various subjects, refer to comprehensive quality evaluation, and even refer to social tests such as TOEFL scores. The government is responsible for supervision, forming such a system that performs its duties.
Of course, this is an ideal, but the future work will focus on this goal. "Multiple admission" is a step towards this goal.
There are five ways to go to college.
As early as during the investigation of the planning outline, experts put forward that different types of schools should be classified for examination. In addition to the national unified college entrance examination, first-class universities can increase the joint entrance examination, have special policies for top-notch innovative talents, gradually liberalize higher vocational colleges with universal higher education, and implement "enrollment" without the college entrance examination.
In fact, in the planning outline, the scheme of implementing classified entrance examination and establishing diversified admission mechanism has been given.
The outline puts forward that "the undergraduate entrance examination for ordinary colleges and universities is organized by the whole country; The entrance examination for higher vocational education is determined by all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. " The planning outline also lists five ways to go to college: unified examination is the basic way to recruit undergraduate students in colleges and universities, which is combined with academic level examination and comprehensive quality evaluation to select the best candidates; Those who have outstanding skills and meet the training requirements of the school will be admitted independently according to the interview or test results; Those who have developed in an all-round way in high school and performed well are recommended for admission; Those who meet the requirements and voluntarily apply for jobs in industries and regions that the country needs will sign an agreement to implement directional admission; For talents who have made outstanding contributions or special talents in practical positions, special procedures are established and exceptional admission is made.
Wage reform promotes the flow of primary and secondary school teachers
Anhui, Liaoning, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Beijing and other parts of the country have made some positive explorations in education balance. Teacher mobility is one of them. In September this year, Beijing will officially begin to implement the rotation of teachers throughout the city. However, job rotation needs institutional support. In the past, short-term and rough support for weak schools had little effect. The rotation time of teachers should be long, and it should be combined with the promotion, promotion and various development of teachers in order to be truly implemented and effective.
The previous structural salary widened the gap of teachers' income between different schools. High-income schools gather a group of high-level teachers, and high-level teachers bring out a group of high-level students. The enrollment rate of such schools is definitely higher than that of other schools, which has widened the gap between schools over time.
Experts believe that the flow of teachers is not just a flow, and it is impossible to flow without solving structural wages. An obvious example is working as a vice principal in a model school in Beijing, earning more than 8,000 yuan a month. If you go to an ordinary school, even if you are promoted to a half level, it will be less than 3000 yuan. The gap between the two is nearly four times, which cannot attract the flow of talents. The solution of the wage problem is actually the key to the flow of teachers and principals.
Therefore, in the planning outline, it is specifically mentioned that "the average salary level of teachers is guaranteed to be not lower than or higher than the average salary level of national civil servants according to law, and it will be gradually improved. Implement performance pay for teachers. Teachers who have worked in rural grass-roots units and hard and remote areas for a long time will be inclined in terms of wages and titles. "These regulations provide an institutional guarantee for the flow of teachers.
Weak junior high schools will also have parents vying to go.
The planning outline not only puts forward the "communication" between teachers and principals, but also puts forward that high-quality students should be taken into account. Experts believe that this is a real "powerful medicine".
The trend of high-quality students largely determines the gap between schools. No matter how many good teachers there are in a school, if there are no high-quality students, it may not be able to reach the high enrollment rate. This planning outline proposes that it will be a very effective method and "immediate" to "reasonably allocate" the places in senior high schools to junior high schools. At present, a part of the annual "excellent plan" of Beijing model high schools is allocated to junior high schools in suburban counties.
As long as the places in the model schools are evenly distributed to other schools, all parents and students will inevitably consider whether they are "the head of a chicken" or "the tail of a phoenix": if there are a number of places in weak schools, how many top students can get into good high schools, and some people will definitely be willing to go to weak schools, so that everyone will not be crowded into several famous schools. In fact, many educators know that this method is effective, but they are not determined to make it bigger. This time, writing "balanced students" into the outline may be a quick and effective prescription.
University management will realize professor research.
In recent years, the administrative management of colleges and universities is considered to be one of the factors that affect the development of colleges and universities and restrict cultural productivity. The planning outline also puts forward "promoting the separation of government and school, management and office."
Experts believe that to solve the problem of administration, it is not enough to just cancel administrative posts. First, to promote the separation of government and school, the government should have a rule of managing schools and "clarify the conditions and responsibilities of running schools at all levels". This outline has been put in place. In addition, it is necessary to "implement and expand the autonomy of running schools." The planning outline also lists some autonomy, such as independently carrying out teaching activities, scientific research, technological development and social services, independently formulating school plans and organizing their implementation, independently setting up teaching, scientific research and administrative institutions, and independently determining internal income distribution.
The outline also proposes to "improve the modern university system with China characteristics". Including perfecting the method of selecting and appointing principals, exploring effective ways for professors to study, and giving full play to the role of professors in teaching, academic research and school management. Fully implement the appointment system and post management system. Explore the establishment of university councils or boards of directors.
Some experts also pointed out that the university has now become a very large giant organization, and the management of the giant organization should be professional and professional, which actually requires a high level of administration. Because of this, giant universities cannot simply run schools in the way of professors. Professors should study, not run schools.