The superiority of Japanese primary education

The superiority of Japanese primary education

Japan is recognized as one of the countries with a high degree of educational equity in the world, and its educational philosophy is rarely too utilitarian, which is closer to the original Confucian concept of teaching without distinction to some extent? Emphasize the universality of education, not because of the different status of the educated. Let's take a look at the advantages of Japanese primary education.

Public primary schools strive for a balance between hardware and software.

Public primary schools are the most common primary schools in Japan, accounting for 99% of the total number of primary schools in China. It implements compulsory education, students attend school nearby, and cross-regional schooling is not allowed by law. Students don't need to take the selection exam to enter school, and they can enter school at the right age. The law of Japan 1955 stipulates that the maximum distance for primary school students to go to school is four kilometers, and that for junior high school students is six kilometers, even in rural areas. In all parts of Japan, no matter which direction you walk from home for ten minutes, there will be a primary school, and Japanese children don't have to get up early to go to school.

In order to prevent all kinds of phenomena that may lead to unfair distribution of educational resources, the Japanese government has also implemented many security policies: teachers and principals of public schools belong to national civil servants, and they must pass national examinations and be paid directly by the state, thus avoiding the difference in teachers' salaries caused by uneven economic levels in various places; What about now? Same salary? On this basis, all teachers and principals in Japan implement the rotation system in a certain area. Teachers are transferred to new schools every six years, and principals are transferred across regions every five years, regardless of urban and rural areas. This ensures that all public schools have the same level of teachers within the scope of students' nearest admission. Since there is no fixed? Famous teacher? , there would be no fixed? Famous school? . It is precisely because of the relatively balanced educational resources that there is no need to choose key schools far from home, thus avoiding the trend of choosing schools and making it possible to enroll in schools nearby.

In terms of school hardware facilities, public primary schools in Japan are similar, and it can even be said that the whole country is relatively average. Japan's Basic Law on Education clearly stipulates that local governments are mainly responsible for the construction and maintenance of school infrastructure, and the state treasury bears part of the costs. Local governments will make great efforts to build local primary and secondary school facilities, because if primary and secondary school facilities are not? Car-scrapping? Many families with children will not choose to live in the local area, leading to local economic depression. Therefore, the facilities of public schools are similar, whether in a bustling metropolis like Tokyo and Osaka or in a remote rural area like Hokkaido. Even primary schools with less than 100 students will have complete hardware facilities such as a music room, a swimming pool for competition, a football field and a comprehensive gymnasium, and the teaching building will be built according to the highest safety standards. Whenever earthquakes, tsunamis and other disasters occur, primary and secondary schools in disaster areas will become the main shelters. Compared with schools, the office buildings of Japanese governments at all levels are too simple.

In addition, the Japanese government has also taken measures to formulate teaching plans and adjust national education funds. Is it low or high? The principle of maintaining the balance of resources between public schools as much as possible. Moreover, under the compulsory education system, all public schools implement a tuition and miscellaneous fee reduction system, and parents need to pay mainly for students' school uniforms and meals at noon every day (parents pay part, the government pays part, and those with low incomes can apply for free). Japanese primary schools provide lunch at noon, and each school has a special nutritionist and caterer. At the end of each month, the school will also ask the children to bring the lunch table for next month to their parents. It is worth mentioning that Japanese public primary schools guarantee that each student has a bottle of 250 ml of milk every day.

Who is the head teacher? All-round teacher

Japanese primary schools implement the head teacher system, that is, each class has a teacher who is fully responsible for all the work of the class, including all the teaching and life management, as well as the chores related to the class. It can be said that Japanese primary school teachers can do everything except culture, sports, music, art, handicrafts and calligraphy, which is related to the selection system of Japanese teachers.

In Japan, because teachers are a relatively stable profession with high social status, there are quite a few people who want to engage in this profession, so the competition for employment examinations is extremely fierce, and the employment system for primary school teachers in Japan is more stringent. First of all, people who work in primary schools need certificates. The so-called teacher qualification is determined by my educational experience, generally graduated from college or above. Teachers' qualifications are valid for ten years, including four types: those who can teach all courses, those who can only teach some courses, those who are responsible for school health care and those who are responsible for school meals. Qualifications alone are not enough. To be a teacher, it is more important to pass the teacher recruitment examination. The content of the examination is quite complicated, including written examination, such as basic cultural knowledge and education law, skilled sports such as swimming and piano, music, handicrafts and interview. Teachers who pass all content exams can serve as primary school class teachers and teach all subjects. There is also a kind that only passes some subjects, such as sports and music. In many senior grades of primary schools, in addition to being a class teacher, there are also special music teachers or physical education teachers to improve the music and physical education level of senior grades. According to Japanese statistics, less than 10% of those who have obtained the teacher qualification certificate can actually walk on the platform.

No parents came to pick up the children.

There is another feature of Japanese primary schools: when children go to school, they don't see the shadow of a parent at the campus gate, but only see the children coming in and out of the campus in teams, and these children have no idea of letting their parents pick them up.

In Japan, every primary school district will have a special? School supporter? Their task is to stand at the intersection with heavy traffic and complicated traffic outside the school every day during school hours to guide students to pass safely. Except? School supporter? Besides, there is a non-governmental organization. PTA? (Parents' Meeting) Protect children's traffic safety. This organization is voluntary and free of charge. Its members are composed of parents of students and professional teachers. Everyone takes turns as security officers regularly, escorting children on the main road when they go to school. In addition, the public security situation in Japanese society has always been good, so parents of busy students have never considered picking up their children. In Japan, when primary school students go to school, according to school statistics, they will meet classmates who live nearby. Especially senior children will walk to and from school hand in hand when they see junior children. In addition, an alarm is hung on the schoolbag of Japanese primary school students. When they encounter bad people or dangerous situations, they will sound an alarm, and shops or pedestrians on the roadside will provide immediate help.

Adhere to the characteristics of public and private primary schools

In addition to the vast majority of public primary schools, there are a small number of national primary schools and private primary schools in Japan, which has become another feature of Japanese primary education.

National primary schools are special public educational institutions in Japan, generally universities, especially affiliated schools of education universities. Different from the teaching methods of public primary schools, ethnic primary schools, as affiliated institutions of universities, shoulder the heavy responsibility of educational research and are experimental and practical places for various advanced educational methods and contents. Therefore, the teaching content of different ethnic primary schools is different, with obvious school characteristics and teacher characteristics. It is said that there are not a few teachers who have not used school textbooks for a year. Generally speaking, students in ethnic primary schools have the opportunity to contact and challenge a lot of difficult knowledge, which is beyond the reach of ordinary public primary schools. The entrance to ethnic primary schools often adopts the examination and selection system, which has a high threshold and fierce competition. Even some ethnic primary schools need to draw lots among those who have passed the exam because of the large number of applicants, and those who have been drawn can finally obtain admission qualifications. For example, in the primary school affiliated to Imperial Tea University in Tokyo, the number of applicants for 20 1 1 was as high as 296 1, but only 55 students were admitted in the end.

In addition, there are about 206 private primary schools recognized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, as well as prestigious schools with a long history.

Private primary schools also have to pass the selection examination, and the difficulty of admission varies from school to school. Generally speaking, it is less difficult than national primary schools. Tuition fees for private primary schools also vary from school to school and from region to region. It is said that the most expensive private primary school in Japan is located in Fukuoka Prefecture, and the annual tuition fee is as high as 210.6 million yen (about RMB 6.5438+0.2 million). There is no requirement to live in private primary schools, and the class hours of each school are different, but they generally pay more attention to teaching, with an average of dozens more class hours than public primary schools every year. In addition to study time, different private primary schools have different educational activities and emphases due to different educational concepts, which have distinct characteristics of running schools independently.

Whether balanced education is low or high.

At present, in Japan, most children receive education in public primary schools, and only about 1% children choose private primary schools or state primary schools. Entering junior high school, the proportion of choosing private will be more, reaching 7%.

? Private kindergarten? Public elementary school? Private/national junior high school? Private/state high schools? Famous universities? This is an ordinary Japanese parent? Looking forward to success? Common path selection. However, if students in public primary schools want to pass the entrance examinations of private and public secondary schools, it is far from enough to rely solely on school education. So the most common way, like in China, is to go to cram school. What's the name of the cram school in Japan? Shu? Generally run by private universities or other social institutions, it has nothing to do with ordinary primary and secondary schools. Many well-known brands of schools have chain organizations all over Japan, and there are also many advertisements on TV media or buses. Tuition fees in Japanese cram schools are generally high, and the cost of children attending cram schools has become the main economic burden for many families. Because Japan is also a society that attaches importance to academic qualifications, so in order to let their children go to famous universities and find a good job in the future, many Japanese parents save money and start sending their children to cram schools in primary school, which is the helpless choice of Japan's current public balanced education system.

Generally speaking, the balanced education in compulsory education in primary and secondary schools in Japan is successful in promoting educational equity and popularizing compulsory education, and has made indelible contributions to Japan's economic development and take-off. However, in practice, there is a strong egalitarianism in primary and secondary schools in Japan, especially in public schools, which neither lets students fall behind nor encourages top students. Because it is compulsory education, public schools pursue the progress of all students instead of the top few good students. So the teacher's classes are low and high. For students who study well, it depends on the classroom. Not enough to eat . Especially at the beginning of 2 1 century, Japan began to learn from the west and fully implemented basic education? Loose? , continue to let students? Reduce the burden? Teacher? Decompression? As a result, only ten years later, a liberal education? Besides? Balanced education? The negative consequences gradually emerged, and the learning ability of Japanese teenagers began to decline, which attracted the attention of all walks of life.

Therefore, Japanese educational institutions have to take some adjustment measures to strengthen the teaching difficulty of compulsory education in primary and secondary schools. It can be said that the current primary and secondary education in Japan is still in a new stage of adjustment.

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