biography
The benefits of a meal
Han Xin was born a commoner, and his personality was unrestrained and informal. He was not elected as an official, and there was no way to make a living by going to other people's homes. Many people look down on him. Han Xin went to Tingchang's home for dinner every day. One day, Mrs. Tingchang didn't entertain Han Xin, and Han Xin refused to go in a rage. Follow-up: After Han Xin became the king of Chu, he summoned the director of the pavilion and rewarded him with 100 yuan, saying, "You are a villain, and you have done a good thing from beginning to end."
Han Xin buried his mother.
Han Xin's mother died, and he couldn't afford to be buried, but he managed to find a high-lying and spacious cemetery, "so that he could buy thousands of houses nearby".
return kindness with ingratitude
In order not to starve to death, Han Xin went fishing by the river. An old woman looked at him piteously and gave him food for dozens of days. One day, Han Xin said to the old woman, "I want to repay my mother" (Biography of Hou Huaiyin). As a result, the old woman scolded him angrily: "a gentleman can't eat for himself, I eat for my children." How can I repay him! " Han Xin was ashamed of what he said.
Follow-up: After Han Xin became the king of Chu, he summoned the wandering mother who had brought him food that year and gave her a daughter.
Crawl between someone's legs-the cup of shame
Although Han Xin is a beggar, he always carries a sword with him. At that time, a man's sword was a symbol of aristocratic status. Han Xin was poor, but he refused to leave the sword. On one occasion, Han Xin was stopped by a butcher and a pig-killing teenager. He disdainfully said, "Although you are tall and like to wear swords, you are actually a coward at heart. If you are not afraid of death, pull out your sword and kill me; If you are afraid of death, get under my crotch. " Han Xin looked at him for a long time and finally saw through his crotch.
Follow-up: After Han Xin became the king of Chu, he summoned the boy who had insulted him, made him crawl under his crotch, made him a lieutenant, and told the generals, "This is a strong man. Can't I kill him when he insults me? " Killing him won't make me successful, so I put up with it, and I have what I am today. "
Join the army in Xiang Liang.
In February of the second year of Qin Ershi (208 BC), Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu led 8,000 soldiers from Jiangdong to cross the river and enter Donghai County. After the merger and reorganization, Xiang Liang Jun went to Gaoyou (now Jiangsu Gaoyou) along osawa and entered Huaiyin (now Jiangsu Huai 'an). Han Xin became a soldier in Liang Jun.
After joining the army, Han Xin took part in almost every battle in Liang Jun, captured Pengcheng and defeated Qin Jia, rescued Dong 'e and defeated Zhang Han, then fought Puyang and cut off Qin Jun, and Han Xin gradually grew up in actual combat.
After Xiangyang's victory, Xiang Liang became proud and thought that Qin Jun was doomed and lazy. He was secretly summoned by Qin Jun, and was defeated at the gates of Dingtao. Han Xin narrowly escaped death.
Turn to Xiang Yu for help
After the Battle of Dingtao, Chu Huaiwang led the army into Pengcheng to rectify the Chu army. Han Xin, like many skirmishers, returned to the Chu army and became a subordinate of Xiang Yu. Han Xin tried many times to influence Xiang Yu with his own planning, but he didn't get the appreciation of Xiang Yu. "Take some measures to dry Xiang Yu, but feathers are not needed."
In August of the third year of Qin Ershi, Xiang Yu appointed Sima Xin, the commander-in-chief of Qin Dynasty, as the general, and led two hundred thousand new Qin Jun colleagues to attack Guanzhong. Han Xin thought it was wrong, but Xiang Yu didn't listen. In November of the first year of Han Dynasty, the allied forces marched into Xin 'an, and Qin Jun, which had just fallen, showed an unstable trend. Xiang Yu discussed the assassination with Ying Bu and General Pu, and Han Xin remonstrated, but Xiang Yu did not listen. In January of the first year of Han Dynasty, after Xiang Yu entered Xianyang, he was bent on returning home, unwilling to dominate the world based on Guanzhong, and it was useless for Han Xin to persuade him.
Follow Liu bang
There was no reuse in the early days.
According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huaiyin Hou, after Liu Bang entered Shu, Han Xin left Chu and returned to Han, and became a small official in charge of the warehouse, which has been unknown to the public ever since. Later, Han Xin sat on the ground and beheaded, and all the people in the same case 13 were beheaded. Han Xin lifted up his eyes and saw Teng Gong Xia Houying, saying, "What if you don't want to go to heaven?" What is a strong man! "Xia Houying thought this man's words were excellent. Seeing that he looked terrible, I let him go, talked with him, admired him, and advised Hanwang Liu Bang. Hanwang granted Han Xin the position of being in charge of expenses, but found nothing unusual about him.
Xiao He chased Han Xin under the moon.
According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huaiyin Hou, Han Xin talked with Xiao He many times, and Xiao He appreciated him very much. Liu Bang was named Hanwang by Xiang Yu (in fact, he was pushed out to Hanzhong). From Chang 'an to Nanzheng, dozens of generals fled. Han Xin estimated that Xiao He and others had recommended themselves many times in front of Liu Bang, but Hanwang didn't want them and ran away. Xiao He heard that Han Xin had escaped and had no time to report to Liu Bang, so he went after Han Xin. Someone in the army reported to Hanwang that "the Prime Minister died." Liu bang was furious, such as losing his right hand.
When Xiao He came back, he explained that he was just chasing Han Xin who had escaped. Liu bang scolded, "The dead will be counted by ten, and there is nothing for the public to pursue;" Chasing letters and derailing. " Xiao He said, "You will hear it easily. If you believe, no one can be like you. Wang Hui wants to grow up, so what is there to believe? People who want to conquer the world, not people who don't believe in anything and plan everything. Gu decided. " Liu Bang said that he also wanted to develop eastward. He didn't want to live in Hanzhong, but he must win the world. Xiao He said, "Wang Ji must want to travel eastward. He can use his letter and keep it. If you can't use it, the letter will eventually die. " ("Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou")
Make sb. commander in chief
For Xiao He's sake, Liu Bang agreed to let General Han, but Xiao He insisted on reusing him. Liu bang said that he could be a general. So Liu wanted to call Han Xin and appoint him. Xiao He said, "Wang Su is slow and rude. Today, he worships the general like a child's ear. That's why he went. The king must want to worship it, choose a good day, fast, set up an altar, and be polite and admirable. " (Biography of Historical Records of Huaiyin Hou) Liu Bang agreed to Xiao He's request.
Major campaign deeds
In August of the first year of Han Dynasty (206 BC), the Chu-Han War broke out. During the Chu-Han War, Han Xin fought numerous famous battles, such as: secretly crossing Chencang (leaving Chencang to decide the battle of Sanqin), the battle between Beijing and Suo, the battle of Anyi, the battle of Jingxing (the last battle), the battle of Weishui and the battle of Gaixia.
Ming Xiu plank road is dark.
With Han Xin as the general and Cao Can and Fan Kuai as pioneers, Liu Bang used plank roads (also known as "pavilion roads", "complex roads" and "overlapping pavilions") in Qinling Mountains. In ancient times, it was an important traffic artery in southwest China to dig holes and build bridges on steep cliffs in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Yunnan provinces. Burned down by the Han army, the king of Three Qin relaxed and paralyzed, so he took the plan of building a plank road and sneaking into their positions, and sent Fan Kuai and Zhou Bo to lead more than 10,000 troops to build a plank road with great fanfare, which attracted the attention of the king of Three Qin, and led his army to sneak out of the old road and cross the plank road. Zhang Han rushed to rescue Chencang from the abandoned hill (Yongdu, now southeast of Xingping, Shaanxi) and was defeated by the Han army. Fled to the abandoned hill and Artemisia branch (now east of Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province), the Han army pursued separately, defeated Yong army again in the east (now southeast of Shaanxi Wugong) and Artemisia branch, and surrounded the remnants of Zhang Han in the abandoned hill. After that, they fought continuously, divided their forces slightly, quickly occupied most parts of Guanzhong, pacified the land of Sanqin, and won the first battle of Chu.
Battle of Jingxing
In 204 BC, Han Xin directed a surprise attack on Zhao at Jingxingkou (now Jingxingdong, Hebei Province). In this campaign, with less than 30,000 inferior troops, Han Xin attacked Zhao Ying, wiped out the so-called 200,000 Zhao Army in one fell swoop, beheaded Chen Yu, the commander of Zhao Army, captured Zhao Wangxie alive, and eliminated Zhao Guo, the enfeoffment of Xiang Yu, which created a favorable strategic situation for Liu Bang to finally defeat Xiang Yu and unify the whole country.
Battle of Gaixia
In the fifth year of Emperor Gaudi of Han Dynasty (202 BC), during the Chu-Han War, the two armies of Chu and Han fought a strategic decisive battle in Gaixia (now Lingbi South of Anhui, now Huaiyang and Lu Yi of Henan). Liu Bang, Han Xin, Liu Jia, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and other Han armies fought a decisive battle with 654.38+ Wan Chujun. Han Xin led the army in the middle of the Han army, with General Kong as the left wing and Michael Chen as the right wing. Liu Bang led his troops to follow up, with General Zhou Bo as the rear guard. Han Xin defeated the attack, led the troops back, and ordered the left and right armies to continue the attack. Chu Jun attacked unfavorably, and Han Xin sent troops again. The Chu army was defeated, retreated into the barriers and stood firm, and was surrounded by the Han army. The Chu army was defeated many times and the soldiers were exhausted. Han Xin ordered the foot soldiers of the Han army to sing Chu songs at night, which made the foot soldiers of the Chu army homesick and war-weary, and their morale collapsed. Seeing that the tide was gone, Xiang Yu rode 800 horses to break through and fled south overnight. Liu Bang sent Guan Ying to chase 5000 cavalry. Xiang Yu lost his way and was chased by the Han army to Wujiang River (now wujiang town at the border of Jiangsu and Anhui in the northeast of Anhui County). He committed suicide after defeat.
End of character
Self-reliance Wang Qi
In the first 204 years, Liu Bangpai lobbied Qi to form an alliance, and Tian Guang promised to stay and entertain him. Han Xin was ordered by Liu Bang to attack Qi. When he learned that he had successfully persuaded Qi, he planned to retreat. However, Kuai Tong persuaded Han Xin not to give credit for Liu Bang's failure to send a letter to withdraw troops and Han Xin's obedience to attack the unguarded State of Qi. Tian Guang was very angry after learning the news and cooked and killed Shi Li. Han Xin defeated the Qi army, and Tian Guang led the troops to retreat eastward, asking Xiang Yu for help. Han Xin defeated the combined forces of Tian Guang and Chu General Long Qie in Weishui, Long Qie died, and Han Xin gradually pacified the land.
In the first 203 years, Han Xin invited himself as a fake king of Qi (fake, meaning agent) on the grounds that Qi was unstable, so as to govern the country. At that time, Liu Bangzheng was trapped by the Chu army, so he had to follow the advice of Sean and Chen Ping and named Han Xin King of Qi.
Be demoted to Huaiyin Hou
After Xiang Yu's death, Liu Bang quickly seized the relieving of Han Xin. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC), Liu Bangli made Han Xin king of Chu and moved the capital to Xiapi. Han Xin's fugitive ministry made friends with Han Xin, and Han Xin took him in and hid him. When Liu learned that he had fled to Chu, he asked Han Xin to hunt him down, while Han Xin sent someone to guard the entrance. Before 20 1 someone denounced the rebellion of the king of Chu, and Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu, attacked Han Xin with Chen Ping's tactic. Han Xin deliberately sent his troops to resist, and he was innocent, just afraid that things would make a big deal, but Mei Zhongli committed suicide. Han Xin took his head to Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan) and explained what had happened to Liu Bang, who arrested him. Han Xin shouted: "If people say: a sly rabbit dies, a good dog cooks;" High birds are exhausted, good bows are hidden; Destroy the enemy and the counselor will die. The world is set, I will cook! " Later, Liu Bang pardoned Han Xin, and Han Xin was reduced to Huaiyin Hou.
The death of a character
Han Xin knew that Liu Bang was afraid of his talent, and often said that he could not get sick and resented for a long time. When Chen Si was promoted to Julu, before he left, Han Xin agreed with Chen Si that Han Xin would help him if Chen Si revolted. In the tenth year of Emperor Gaozu, if Chen Yi really rebelled, Han Xin and his family conspired to attack Lv Hou, Prince and others from the inside, but they were tipped off by their relatives. Lv Hou conspired with Xiao He to lie about Chen Yi's death and invite Han Xin to congratulate him. After being tied up, Han Xin was killed in the bell room of Changle Palace after being sentenced to five sentences, and even three families were killed.
When Han Xin became independent, Kuai Tong thought that Liu Bang would be bad for Han Xin in the future, and repeatedly encouraged Han Xin to seize the opportunity to become independent from Hanwang. And Han Xin thinks he is diligent, "Han won't beat me"; Kuai Tong advised him that "those who bravely shake the master are in danger, but those who contribute to the world are not rewarded". But Han Xin always held the illusion that "Korea will never fail me" and could not bear to betray Korea.
Character evaluation
At the time of Chu and Han Dynasties, people commented on it as "unparalleled in the whole country" and "unparalleled in merit, slightly out of the world".
Sima Qian commented on this as follows: "... It would be a pity if Han Xin learned to be modest, did not cut down his achievements and did not admire his abilities. Yu Jiaxun can be compared with Zhou, Zhao and Taigong, and his blood is eaten by future generations. Without saying this, the world has gathered together, which is a rebellion. It is better to exterminate the nation! "
Liu Yuxi: I will be a soldier, I will be a hero, and I will bow and sigh. Therefore, those who let future generations step onto the altar are all afraid of making meritorious deeds. (Han Xin Temple)
Sima Guang (Song): "The world or Han Xinxian made a big plan, and started from Hanzhong with Gaozu, and decided on Sanqin. Then divide the troops to the north, capture Wei, replace Zhao, threaten Yan, attack it from the east and destroy Chu from the south. The reason why Han won the world is probably because of his beliefs. " Child TongZhiJian Volume 12 Han Ji Si
(Song) Su Shi: "(Han Xin) holds a general idea, saves a heroic plan, swallows Liuhe and covers 10,000 people."
(Yuan) Yang Weizhen: "On the day Han Xin went to the altar, his paintings were sketched. Regarding the reason why Chu defeated Han De, Sanqin decided to make Han Xin's decision. "
(Ming): "At first, Confucius talked about the Three Kingdoms, but it didn't pass. To the ancient saying: Huaiyin is not a special general.
(Ming) Wang Shizhen: "At the beginning of Huaiyin, it was called" Yes ",at the beginning of Gaomi (Deng Yu), it was called" Guangwu ",and at the beginning of Wuxiang (Zhuge Liang), it was called" Zhaolie ". If you hang up the ticket, you will be responsible. What if you close the ticket? " Well, it can be said that it is already! "
(Ming) Dong Fen: "I really have the heart to expose the world, not just military plans, so I call it an" outstanding person ". "
(Ming) Li Zhi: "Xin and Pei Gong fell in love at first sight. Whenever Xiang Yu is mentioned, Pei Gong holds it every word, and Pei Gong also benefits from it. "
(Ming) Mao Kun: "If you want to see the ancient military strategists, you should put Han Xin first, break Wei with wooden vendors, break Zhao with red flags, and break Qi with sandbags. They all fell from the sky and never fought bloody battles with the enemy. Yu Fang said: From ancient times to the present, Taishigong, Wen Xian also; Poet Li Bai; Qu Yuan, Ci Fu Xian also; Liu Ruan, also; And Han Xin, soldier fairy also! Yes! "
(Qing Dynasty) Wang Mingsheng: "Seeing the letter cited the art of war proves its wisdom in using soldiers, and he has written three books, successively 35, which shows that the letter is the original source of learning. When the delivery was humiliated, I pondered for a long time. Even millions of people will win battles and attacks, all based on common knowledge, not those who try to do dangerous things. Although the letter is not circulated, we can test the war contained in this biography, which shows that it is purely tactical, and the so-called surprise attack on the ambush has turned into a fraud. "
(Qing) Wang Zhiwei: "I am saddened by the strength of the world, and I am saddened by the public.
(Qing) Xu Jing: "Shi Gong pity Huaiyin, not just for Huaiyin.