Table tennis has always been the dominant sport in China. Since the beginning of the 20th century, ITTF has reformed table tennis events, including equipment, technology and competition system, in order to improve the competitiveness and appreciation of table tennis and expand the attention of table tennis in the world. However, it is undeniable that ITTF is also suppressing China's monopoly position in the field of table tennis by means of reform, so as to balance the strength of various countries and avoid the table tennis development crisis caused by imbalance.
Since 2000, ITTF has been committed to modifying the equipment and rules to promote the development of table tennis. Its main purpose is to weaken the strength of table tennis in China and balance the level of other countries. It has successively introduced some measures, such as changing small balls into big balls, serving without shielding, inorganic glue, 1 1 scoring system and so on.
I. Equipment reform
In recent 20 years, table tennis equipment mainly involves the reform of changing small balls into big balls, banning celluloid table tennis and organic glue. On June 5438+ 10, 2000, ITTF announced that the small ball with a diameter of 38mm was changed into a big ball with a weight of 40mm, and the weight of the ball was increased from 2.5g to 2.7g, so as to reduce the speed and rotation of the ball, thus generating more rounds and increasing the enjoyment of the game. In 2006, ITTF announced a total ban on organic glue. During the World Table Tennis Championships in Bremen, it was announced that the use of volatile organic adhesives would be completely banned from September 1 2008. Because organic glue contains toxic chemicals, which will affect the health of athletes in the process of volatilization, it is changed into non-toxic and harmless water-soluble glue. At the same time, the viscosity of inorganic glue is weaker than that of organic glue, and it will increase its elasticity after chemical reaction with sponge. 20 1 1 In May, ITTF decided to completely ban celluloid table tennis after the London Olympic Games due to the high heat and flammability of celluloid materials, and announced the use of new plastic balls from July 20 14. The new plastic ball is different from celluloid in material, and the diameter of the ball will continue to increase. The diameter of table tennis should not be less than 40mm, that is, the diameter of the new plastic ball is 40.0 mm ~ 40.6 mm It is precisely because of the reform of equipment that the development of the project is promoted, the health of athletes is protected, and the appreciation of the game is increased, which conforms to the development trend of table tennis.
Second, technological reform.
In April, 20001,ITTF adopted the proposal of opening serve and announced its implementation in September, 2002. This reform has greatly reduced the threat of service technology and had a great impact on athletes' training and competition. Unshielded serve refers to the way in which the player takes the racket as the apex and there are no obstacles in the triangular area formed by the net posts on both sides of the table. Different from the hidden service, players can't cover the ball with their body parts or clothes when serving, which hinders the opponent's line of sight. In the net-separated antagonistic events, athletes with excellent service skills can use this technology to easily defeat the enemy in the game and win the game. The introduction of open service rules greatly reduces the difficulty of receiving service. When serving, you can clearly see the opponent's technical movements, so as to judge the direction and rotation of the ball, handle the incoming ball more effectively, and avoid ending the game ahead of time because of the big gap in service technology.
Third, the reform of the competition system
During the 200 1 Osaka World Championships, the scheme of 1 1 was adopted, that is, from September of 200 1 year, the table tennis competition was divided into 1 1, and the service was twice in each round. From the long-established 2 1 sub-system to 1 1 sub-system, the number of five serves per round will be reduced to two, which will inevitably have a great impact on the future development of table tennis. In February of the following year, ITTF adjusted the Olympic table tennis events. Starting from the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the previous men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles were changed into four events, namely, the doubles competition was merged into the third team competition. In 2003, the Olympic lottery system was reformed. Since the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, doubles players from the same country must be divided into the same half. In February 2008, ITTF passed a motion to restrict overseas legions, that is, from September of that year, athletes over 2 1 year old who changed their nationality could not participate in the World Cup and World Championships, and athletes between 2 1 year old and 21year old must be registered with relevant associations for five years. 15 ~ 6544. Athletes who have already represented other countries are not subject to this restriction. In 20 10, ITTF proposed that since the 20 12 London Olympic Games, the number of applicants for singles competitions in various countries has been reduced from 3 to 2. In 20 17, it was proposed to increase the mixed doubles competition, which was implemented from 20021Tokyo Olympic Games. In September of the same year, ITTF adopted a new world ranking calculation rule, that is, starting from 2065438+2008 1, based on the competition level and competition ranking, which means that the new scoring method abolished the previous calculation based on the final results (winning points and losing points) and encouraged athletes to participate in more competitions to improve the world ranking.