1, broad masses: the volleyball court is simple in equipment and easy to master the rules of the game. It can not onl
1, broad masses: the volleyball court is simple in equipment and easy to master the rules of the game. It can not only compete and train on the court, but also exercise in the general open space. The amount of exercise can be large or small, which is suitable for people of different ages, genders, physiques and training levels.
2. Technical comprehensiveness: According to the rules, each player should rotate his position, not only to smash the block in the front row, but also to defend the back row. Each player is required to master all skills and be competent for all positions.
3. Technical height: The rules stipulate that the ball cannot land in the game, and it is not allowed to hold the ball or combo. The short hitting time and changeable hitting space determine the high technology of volleyball.
4. Fierce confrontation: In volleyball matches, the offensive and defensive conversion between the two sides is always carried out in fierce confrontation. In high-level competitions, the focus of confrontation is online deduction. In a game, it often takes six or seven rounds to win a point. The higher the level of competition, the more intense the confrontation.
5. Duality of offensive and defensive techniques: Volleyball is an event that can score and lose points with various techniques. This situation is more prominent in the deciding game, so every technology has the dual nature of attack and defense. Therefore, technology is required to be both offensive and accurate.
6. Strict collectivity: Volleyball competition is a team event, and it is a collective cooperation except serving. Without strict collective cooperation, even the best individual skills are difficult to play, let alone play the role of tactics. The higher the team level, the closer the collective cooperation. [Edit this paragraph] The basic volleyball skills are divided into six major items: preparation posture and action, passing, cushion, serving, spiking and blocking.
Warm-up posture and action: Warm-up posture is the body posture to prepare for all kinds of incoming balls. Most of the offensive and defensive techniques in volleyball matches are completed after preparing posture or moving quickly, so they are the basis for completing various basic techniques. The function of the action is to get close to the ball, keep the position relationship between the good man and the ball, and ensure the reasonable hitting action.
The commonly used moving footwork in competition includes sliding, striding, jumping and running.
Passing the ball: Passing the ball is a technical action of putting your hands (or one hand) on your chest and above, and hitting the ball through the bouncing power of your wrist and fingers with the help of kicking and stretching your arms. The main function of passing the ball is to pass it to the rest of the players for attack or direct attack. Whether a team's offensive ability can be brought into full play depends largely on the passing level of the team. In order to compete for online advantage and make offensive tactics fast and changeable, the role of setter is more core.
Cushion ball: it is a technical action of hitting the ball with both hands and the front of the forearm by kicking the ground and lifting the arm. Cushion ball is mostly used to receive service, spike and block tennis in the game, which is an important technology to change passive into active and win with more points and less points.
Serve: A technical action in which the player throws the ball by himself and hits the ball into the opponent's court from two marks in the net with one hand. Serving is the beginning of the game and attack. It is the only technical action in volleyball that is not restricted by others. Aggressive serve can not only score directly, but also weaken or even destroy the opponent's attack, disrupt the opponent's deployment and psychologically deter the opponent.
Spike: a technical action of jumping in the air, swinging into an arc with one hand, hitting the ball across one's own court with one hand and shooting it into the other's court from the net in two sign posts. Spike is the most active and effective weapon in the game, so it is the main means to score points and gain strength.
Wipe the ball: a hitting method in which the setter or attacker quickly wipes the ball off the net with one hand to make it enter the opponent's court quickly and unexpectedly. It is a remedial play to make up for the probe error caused by the Qualcomm pad, but it is sometimes deliberately used to form two passes.
Block: A technical action in which an athlete uses any part of his body above the waist, mainly his arms and palms, to block the opponent from hitting the ball over the net. Blocking is the first line of defense and an important part of counterattack. Blocking can block the opponent's powerful smash, reduce the pressure of the back row defense, and create conditions for our organization to counterattack. Blocking is mainly to give psychological pressure to the opponent's attacker and force him to make mistakes. Blocking can slow down the speed of the ball, even directly block the opponent's spike, which is one of the important means to score points and gain strength in the game.
Volleyball tactics can be divided into two categories: individual tactics and collective tactics. Personal tactics is a process in which individuals use skills purposefully according to the situation on the court, which can be divided into six personal tactics: serving, passing, passing, spiking, blocking and defending in the back row. Collective tactics refer to the organized and purposeful collective cooperation between two or more players. Collective tactics include offensive tactics and defensive tactics. Offensive tactics refer to the purposeful and organized offensive actions taken by the whole team after receiving the opponent's serve, spike, block, pass and cushion. The forms of attack include storm, fast attack, two goals and their transfer. Storm refers to an attack that forcibly breaks through the opponent's defense without the cover of his peers. Fast break refers to all kinds of flat fastballs from the second pass and all kinds of tactical cooperation under the cover of these flat fastballs. Twice ball and its transfer means that when the first ball is high and in the position suitable for spike in front of the net, the front row players can jump up and spike directly. If the opponent's block is tight, you can pass the ball to other players in the air. Defensive tactics include four formations: pick-up formation, spike formation, block protection formation and pass-and-cushion formation. [Edit this paragraph] The development trend of volleyball.
Since the 1 World Men's Volleyball Championship was held in 1949, the international volleyball has developed greatly. Volleyball, in particular, has been attached great importance by many countries since it was included in the official competition in the 1964 Olympic Games, and its technical and tactical development has entered a new stage. In 1950s, the achievements of volleyball in the Soviet Union and some countries in Eastern Europe were always in the leading position. In the 1960s, the Japanese women's volleyball team won the world championship. In 1970s, Asian teams such as Japanese, China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea and South Korea were famous for their fast and changeable play. The Cuban team, which is good at bouncing in Latin America, and the American women's volleyball team, which has made rapid progress, have also attracted people's attention. At the beginning of the 1980 season, the world women's volleyball team presented a top five confrontation among China, Japan, the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States. Judging from the men's volleyball team, the tall and mighty Soviet team is still in the leading position. Bulgaria, Romania, Cuba, China, Poland, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Italy and South Korea are also competing to upgrade their technology in an all-round way. The characteristics and development trends of volleyball techniques and tactics in the contemporary world are as follows:
Although there is no new service technology at present, all teams are competing to adopt long-distance floating ball, "high-hanging ball" and some new service methods and strategies, trying to find ways to destroy the opponent's cushion ball, thus undermining the composition of their fast-break tactics. In the first level, due to the increase of training time and proportion and the improvement of buffering technology, the error rate is greatly reduced and the in-place rate is significantly improved. In the future, we must adapt to various forms of service in order to create conditions for the formation of fast break. In the aspect of spike, firstly, it breaks the restriction of run-up and take-off in a certain step and direction, and adopts various take-off with variable steps and directions to adapt to various on-the-spot situations; Second, it broke the restriction of special division of labor, requiring both fastball and storm; The third is to break the limit of positioning spike and demand to achieve attack in active running; Fourth, it broke the limit of 3-point attack and developed into front row live attack and back row deep attack. In blocking, the run-up swing arm is used to fully spread its shoulders and arms after high jump, and the continuous take-off technique is used to deal with fast attack; When dealing with transposition attack, we not only use man-to-man and man-to-man blocking, but also sometimes use new overlapping blocking; When dealing with individual tactical spike, it is emphasized to improve the independent combat ability of individual blocking. Sometimes, we use the transfer of hands in the air to block the line-changing spike, and use the back of our hands to block the ball, trying to organize a quick counterattack after blocking. In the back row defense, it is emphasized to master a variety of defense techniques and constantly develop new technologies, such as rolling shoulder defense techniques to roll and various blocking techniques.
Over the years, the tactical styles of world volleyball have promoted each other, forming two main different styles, namely, the Asian style with rapid change as the main body and the European style with high play and strong attack as the main body. With the strengthening of international communication and the development of techniques and tactics, the two styles have been learning from each other and using each other, gradually narrowing their differences and tending to blend and combine with each other. Some teams also learn new ways of playing and form their own unique style on the basis of inheriting and developing their original specialties according to their own specific conditions. On the premise of inheriting and developing the fast attack style, Asian teams strive to improve their ability to break through the storm. European-style teams actively absorb the fast-break style while constantly improving the level of strong attack. Judging from the development trend of volleyball technology, it is difficult to defeat powerful opponents by relying solely on height and strength, or by relying solely on speed and technology. The top teams in China have developed their own unique style of play based on their own conditions, drawing lessons from other countries' strengths, insisting on the combination of height and speed, and combining storm with rapid change.
With the development of rules and technology, the height factor has become an important condition for top teams in the world. The height factor is manifested in two aspects: First, the figure is outstanding. Judging from the volleyball match of 1980 Olympic Games, the average height of the world's top teams and women's volleyball teams is around 1.77 meters, and there are generally 4-5 people who exceed 1.80 meters; The average height of men's volleyball team is above 1.92 meters. Each team has 7 ~ 9 players whose height is above1.94m. Some shorter teams are also trying to find tall players to train. The second is the jumping height. All teams attach great importance to the training and improvement of special jumping ability. As an excellent volleyball player in the world, the height of women's volleyball team is generally above 3.05 meters, that of men's volleyball team is generally above 3.50 meters, and that of men's volleyball team can reach 3.76 meters.
The increase of players' height and the enhancement of offensive ability have intensified the confrontation of online interception. The success or failure of modern volleyball matches largely depends on the online competition ability based on comprehensive technology. Spiking and blocking are the most important scoring methods in the game. Without a strong attack and tight blocking defense, it is impossible to resist the attack and win the ball by relying solely on the back row defense.
Offensive tactics are fast and changeable. At present, the tactics of volleyball offensive in the world are developing rapidly, and are developing in the direction of high acceleration, strong attack and accelerated attack, strength and skill, frontier and depth. The main manifestations are as follows: ① Tactical cooperation is realized in active running, cross-covering and sudden change, which causes the opponent's defensive judgment error and creates a favorable situation of playing more and playing less. In this regard, some teams in Asia have mastered it more skillfully. (2) Break the mechanical division of labor between the main attack and the auxiliary attack, so as to strengthen the ability of all-round attack, enrich the tactical content and adapt to various complicated situations. (3) In the counter-offensive, we lost no time in using fast and changeable tactics to carry out a surprise attack when the other side's defense was unstable and the foothold was unstable. (4) Organize high or far net attacks at the front of the net to avoid the tight blockade of the other side. ⑤ Combined with the front attack cover, attack from the back deep area, forming a variety of supporting three-dimensional tactics, and breaking through the tight blockade of opponents. ⑥ Pay attention to the application of individual tactics under the cooperation of collective tactics, such as using double-line differentiation (straight or oblique spike), flat back area, changing hands and wrists, the batter out of bounds, dropping the ball at a high point and so on to strengthen the breakthrough ability.
The defensive tactics are flexible and diverse. The top teams in the world attach great importance to the training and improvement of defense while strengthening their offense. With the development of attack, we should pay attention to using flexible and diverse forms in defensive tactics to break the past pattern of "following the trend" defense. Its principle is: according to the actual situation of our team and the offensive characteristics of our opponents, we should reasonably organize the defensive forces and deploy the defense in a way that is conducive to our organization's counterattack. Japanese women's volleyball team adopts "side-following" or "heart-following" defense according to different rounds. The Soviet Men's Volleyball Team combines two forms of defense, that is, the No.6 player decides to advance and retreat according to judgment, and 1 or the No.5 player makes up the position according to the lens of the No.6 player. According to the specific situation of the incoming ball, the China team used the "horseshoe" defense to enlarge or reduce the "horseshoe" defense, and used the lens to keep retreating or retreating. At present, the online confrontation between strong teams with equal strength is very fierce. Sometimes 1 is played for three hours, and sometimes 1 is often played for more than one round in order to compete for the service right of 1 or the points of1. Fierce competition allows most techniques to score or lose points. In this sense, they all have the dual nature of attack and defense. Therefore, in the competition, the requirements for collective cooperation, for each player to fully master the offensive and defensive skills, develop their unique skills and cultivate a tenacious style are getting higher and higher. [Edit this paragraph] Player position Players usually don't need to master all six skills-serving, passing (catching), passing (lifting), spiking, blocking and saving the ball, and usually specialize in one or more of them according to the team's tactics. The most common position assignment includes three positions: the attacker (divided into the main attacker and the auxiliary attacker), the setter and the free man (full-time defensive player). In order to effectively stop the opponent's attack before the opponent has enough reaction time, and bounce the ball back to the opponent's court at a steep angle and high speed, generally speaking, the player with tall stature and good jumping ability is the attacker.
Setter (hands up, catcher)
The setter's duty is to organize the attack of the whole team. They are responsible for sending the ball to the position where the attacker is most suitable for spiking. The setter must be able to combine various changes with the attacker to destroy the opponent's defense. Quick movement and accurate passing are the basic qualities of a setter. A good weightlifter can string together the attacks of the whole team. He must be quite familiar with the characteristics and habits of the attackers in the team and keep a clear head and thinking during the competition. In addition, in some cases, weightlifters must also play the role of attackers, so besides practicing weightlifting techniques, weightlifters must also have some ability to attack long passes, so the training and training of an excellent weightlifter is also quite hard.
Free man (any player)
Freemen are full-time defensive players, responsible for receiving spiking and serving (saving the ball). Usually, free men have the fastest reaction speed and the best passing skills in the team. Because free men don't need to attack and defend in front of the net, short players with good passing skills can do it. Players who are designated as free agents in the game cannot hold other positions. There is no limit to the number of substitutions for any player, but there must be a dead ball between two substitutions, and only substitutes can take turns. The replacement time must be changed before the referee blows his whistle to signal the service. Before the start of each game, no player is allowed to enter the field first, and the second referee can only replace him after checking the start.
Assistant attacker
The assistant attacker is a player who often plays fast break near the setter. Auxiliary attackers are full-time blocking, because they need to quickly move from the middle to both sides to organize double blocking to stop the fast attack from the other auxiliary attackers. Usually, the assistant attacker is the tallest player in the team and does not need good defensive skills.
ace spiker
The main attacker is a player who attacks near the post. Because the balls passed to the main attack position are mostly high balls, the main attack often adopts long-distance run-up, and sometimes even starts from outside the sideline. In the attack, the attacker usually relies on strong smash to score points, but sometimes he also requires diagonal run-up and fast break to disturb the opponent's defense. Attackers also need to master the skill of passing the ball once, because they usually act as the second passing point other than free men. Right-handed attackers are best suited to attack at position 4 (left front), while left-handed attackers are best suited to attack at position 2 (right front). [Edit this paragraph] According to the number of attacking players and setters, the standard volleyball formations are "4-2", "6-2" and "5- 1". 4-2 is the most basic formation, which only appears in beginners' competitions, while in high-level competitions, the most commonly used formation is 5- 1.
4-2 stratum
The 4-2 formation has four attackers and two setters. The setter usually sets the ball in the middle of the front row (in the rare 4-2 formation in the game, the setter sets the ball in the front row to the right). So at any time of the game, the team has two front-row offensive players.
Two setters stand on the diagonal of rotation. In a typical formation, there are two attackers standing diagonally, so there is an attacker in the front row and an attacker in the back row at any time. After serving, the players in the front row move to their respective positions, and the setter is always in the middle of the front row. Or, the setter moves to the right of the front row, and the other two players in the front row play the main attack (left side) and the auxiliary attack (middle) respectively, but the disadvantage is that there is no attacking player behind the setter, so that a front row player of the other side can safely participate in the block in the middle position.
The obvious weakness of the 4-2 formation is that there are only two offensive players, which makes the team have few offensive means.
From another point of view, the setter is also an attack (although it is a weak attack), because the setter is allowed to smash when turning to the front row, so when a passing ball approaches the net, the setter can choose to hit the ball over the net (the second ball). This means that in other cases, we can ignore the opposing player who blocks the setter. At this time, we must pay attention to the attack of the setter, so that our offensive players may get better opportunities.
6-2 stratum
In the 6-2 formation, one player always moves from the back row to the front row to make a second pass, and all three front row players occupy the offensive position. So all six players will be attackers at some point, and two of them need to be setters. So the 6-2 formation is actually a 4-2 formation, but the setter in the back row is inserted in the front row to take charge of the setter.
The 6-2 formation requires two setters to stand diagonally in the rotation. In addition to the second pass, the typical formation includes two secondary attacks and two main attacks. By standing diagonally, there is a main attacker and a deputy main attacker in the front and back rows at any time. After serving, the players in the front row move to their respective positions.
The advantage of 6-2 formation is that there are three offensive players in the front row at all times, which maximizes the offensive means. But the 6-2 formation not only requires the team to have two high-quality setters, but also requires these two players to be front-row attackers. In international competitions, only the Cuban national women's volleyball team adopts this formation.
5- 1 stratum
Only one player plays a setter in the 5- 1 formation, regardless of his position in the front row or the back row. So when the setter is in the back row, the team has three front row attackers; When the setter is in the front row, there are only two attackers in the front row. It adds up to * * * five.
In the 5- 1 formation, the player standing diagonally opposite the setter in the rotation is called the receiver. Generally speaking, the receiver does not participate in the first pass. When the opponent serves, the catcher stands behind his teammates. When the setter is in the front row, catching the setter can be used as the third attack point (back attack), which has become a common means for teams to improve their attack power in modern volleyball. Therefore, the receiver is usually the best spiker in the team. The back attack usually comes from the right side of the back row (1 position), but it is more common to attack from the middle position of the back row in high-level competitions.
One advantage of the 5- 1 formation is that there are always three attack points to choose from in the second pass. If the setter makes good use of this, the opponent's secondary attack may not have enough time to organize a double block with the main attack, which will increase our chances of scoring. Another advantage is that the setter can attack with the second ball when he is in the front row, which can further disturb the opponent's blocker: our setter may smash the ball or pass it to any attacking player. A good setter can deeply understand this, not only can attack the ball twice or pass the fast break, but also can try to confuse the opposing players.
The 5- 1 offensive formation is actually a mixture of 6-2 formation and 4-2 formation: the setter looks similar to the 4-2 formation when he is in the front row; When the setter is in the back row, it is similar to a 6-2 formation. [Edit this paragraph] Competition method 1. Pre-competition preparation:
The first referee presides over the lottery, and first chooses the right to serve and the ball area.
Second, the start process and stop of the game:
The first referee will stand at the end line of his own field after blowing the whistle, and stand in the original position when blowing the whistle again (the position table filled out before the game).
Third, the score:
A. After one side serves, the other side makes a catch mistake, fouls or the ball falls into the opponent's court, that is, the server scores and continues to serve;
B. If the server serves illegally or out of bounds, the opponent will score and change the service.
4. Suspension and substitution:
Each team has two timeouts and six substitution opportunities in each game. (required when making dead balls)
1, timeout: each team has two timeouts per game; There is a technical pause every 8 minutes in the regular competition.
2. Substitution:
A, the main player can only quit the game once, and when he plays again in the same game, he can only return to the game to replace his player.
B, the substitute can only play once per game, and can replace any main player. The same game can only be replaced by the player he replaces.
Note: The player who started the game is the main force, and the other players are substitutes. [Edit this paragraph] Competition rules The volleyball competition venue is a rectangle of 18m× 9m, with at least 2m open space around, and no obstacles are allowed within 7m above the venue. Draw a line in the middle of the court and divide the court into two equal areas. All lines are 5 cm wide. There is a net on the center line of the site. The net is 1 m wide and 9.50m long, and it is hung on two posts outside the stadium. The height of women's net is 2.24 meters, and that of men's net is 2.43 meters. At the junction of the two ends of the net perpendicular to the sideline and the center line, there are 5 cm wide sign belts respectively, and a sign pole with a length of 1.80 m is connected to the outside of the sign belt. The circumference of the ball is 65 ~ 67 cm, the weight is 260 ~ 280 g, and the air pressure is 0.40 ~ 0.45 kg/cm2.
The volleyball match starts with a team serving on the right (1 position) in the back row, and then each team can touch the ball three times (excluding blocking). If the ball hits the ground, an obstacle or a player fouls, it is a dead ball, and the side that caused the dead ball scores a goal. Only when the server wins 1 ball will he get 1 point. If the server fouls, makes mistakes or the receiver wins 1, the receiver gains the right to serve, and its players must rotate 1 clockwise. The first four games adopt a 25-point system, and each team wins at least 25 points and surpasses the other team by 2 points to win 1 game. The official competition adopts the best of five games system, and the deciding game adopts the competition system of 15. After the first team scored 8 points, the two teams switched venues and continued the game to the finish line in the original position order. There was no highest score in the deciding game, and the game went on until the first team scored 2 points.
According to the rules, [1] 1 team has at most 12 players, 1 coach, assistant coach and doctor. Players' clothing must be uniform, and there are obvious numbers on the front and back of the coat. The coach can give guidance during time-out and intermission. Only the captain can ask the referee or ask for an explanation of the rules in the game. If the coach or team member behaves unethically, the referee will show a yellow card warning. If they commit a crime again, they will show a red card and punish the team for losing the right to serve or the opponent will get 1 point. If there are serious fouls such as insulting the referee or the opposing player, you will be disqualified from the game or the whole game. Before each game, the coach must give the position table of the playing line-up to the recorder or the second referee, and it cannot be changed. There are 6 people in each team, standing in two rows, from left to right. The front row is in positions 4, 3 and 2, and the rear row is in positions 5, 6 and 1. When serving, both players must stand in the designated position, otherwise they will be sentenced to lose the right to serve or the opposing team will score 1 point. When the game is a dead ball, the coach and captain can ask the referee for a time-out or substitution. Each pause shall not exceed 30 seconds. 1 match, each team can ask for two timeouts. 1 match, the number of substitutions for each team shall not exceed 6 times at most. The technical action requirements of the rules are as follows: ① Serve: Players who have the right to serve must take turns to serve first, and player 1 hits the ball within 3 seconds after the referee blows the whistle. After serving, if the ball touches the player, the net, the post or other obstacles on the server's court or crosses the net area, the ball falls out of the opponent's bounds or the serve does not enter the net, which is a service mistake and loses the right to serve. Before the team makes a mistake, the server serves continuously. ② Touching the ball: Players can touch the ball from any part of the body above the knee joint, but they are not allowed to stay. In case of catching, holding, pushing and throwing the ball, it is judged as holding the ball. Each team touches the ball at most three times (except blocking). If 1 player touches the ball continuously for more than 1 times (except blocking), it is judged as combo. Two players on the same team touch the ball twice at the same time. However, both players can hit the ball three times after touching the ball at the same time on the internet. (3) Offensive hitting: directly hitting the ball at the opponent's court is offensive hitting. Front row players can make offensive shots at any height on this field. The players in the back row can only hit the ball in the frontcourt in a way that the world is not higher than the upper edge of the net before the attack line, but they can hit the ball at any height when taking off behind the attack line. ④ Over the net: players are not allowed to hit the ball through the net, but the hitting point is in the court. After the ball leaves the hand, the hand with the ball over the net will not be judged as a net foul. Before the opponent hit the ball, the blocker touched the ball and crossed the opponent's court, and was convicted of a net foul. When the opposing team hits the ball, it is allowed to block the ball at the opposing court. ⑤ Crossing the center line: Any part of the player's body crosses the center line and touches the ground of the opponent's court, which is a foul on the center line. However, if one foot or part of both feet step on the center line and the other part steps on or above the center line, no foul will be awarded. Players can reach out and hit the ball under the net, but they must not interfere with the opposing players. ⑥ Blocking: Only players in the front row are allowed to block individually or collectively. In 1 block, the ball can continuously touch 1 or several pieces of hands, head or any part of the body above the waist, which is counted as 1 block. After blocking, the team can hit the ball three times. After the blocker touches the ball, the ball falls out of bounds and the tentacles are out of bounds. This is a mistake. A formal volleyball match should have 1 referee and 1 referee, 1 recorder and 2 ~ 4 linesmen. [Edit this paragraph] A brief description of the main terms of volleyball: Hidden position: it is the change of insertion tactics when receiving the serve. That is to say, within the scope permitted by the rules, the front row attacker is hidden in the back row position by using the position relationship of the players in the same row and column: in order to confuse the other side to stop, attack the other side unexpectedly and achieve the purpose of sudden attack.
Insert the second pass: the players in the back row insert into the front row to organize the attack.
Short flat fastball: The attacker leveled the fastball, about two meters away from the setter.
Time difference: The fastball player pretends to take off the fastball, but does not take off the ground. When the opponent's blocking player was tricked into jumping off, the spike player quickly took off and deducted half a fastball. This kind of play mainly uses the error of the opponent's blocking time to achieve the goal of breaking through the opponent's blocking.
Spatial difference: after the spiker takes off, his body moves in the air, avoiding the opponent's block and spike.
Position difference: the attacker pretends to take off, making the opponent's blocker mistakenly think that he is going to play fastball and jump to the block. At this time, he suddenly jumped to the side with a step of 1 and jumped to spike in the gap where no one was blocking.
Forward flight: the spiker pretends to smash the short flat fastball, suddenly jumps up and rushes to the setter to smash the semi-high ball.
Reverse fly: The attacker pretends to smash the fastball forward and backward, and suddenly jumps behind the setter to play a small arc ball.
Overlap (echelon): Two main attackers, one behind the other, smash the fastball or half-high ball, forming two dozen 1, and it is difficult for the other side to block the net.
Overlapping Blocking: When blocking, two players take overlapping positions before and after, the former player locates, and the latter player moves forward to the right or left to block accordingly, and on the basis of correct judgment, try to form a pair of people to cooperate with the block.
Stuck: the player who dunks the short flat fastball makes a fake cover, and the opposing player directly cuts into the middle to dunk the semi-high ball; Two quick, one run. Two players in the front row cover the fastball at the same time, and the other player runs and smashes at position 2, 3 or 4. At the spiking point, it caused 2 hits of 1 (more hits and less hits), which broke through the opponent's block.
Bypass: The action that player No.3 bypasses behind player No.2 or player No.2 bypasses player No.3..
Close-range fastball: The player who approaches the second pass dunks the fastball.
Cross attack. "Crossing" refers to the action of two front-row players crossing and running. "Cross attack" is a tactical change of fastball cover, and the commonly used cover attack tactics are "front cross" and "back cross".
Three-dimensional attack: refers to the use of the whole space of one's own court to organize the joint attack of front and rear volleyball players. Not only can the players in the back row smash the ball outside the limit line, but also the deep tactical attack covered by dense nets can be organized, so that the front and back row attacks can be used flexibly and alternately. [Edit this paragraph] International Volleyball Federation