When riding Huayan Temple, I found Changning Street (Xi 'an's north-south highway is called Street, and the east-west highway is called Road).
Why is it called Changning New District? Why is Changning Street? What is the historical significance of this "Changning"? In this way, the place names of Xi 'an ancient city are generally household names, and there are stories behind them. I didn't understand all this until I found Chiang Kai-shek's Northwest Palace.
In the early Tang Dynasty, Dou Taihou, the mother of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin, longed for the beautiful scenery of Shenheyuan for a long time, so she came here for a spring outing and met a group of bandits. They ran into a cave in the Woods on the west slope of the source of Shenhe River and hid. The bandits followed here, and suddenly a stone pillar fell from the original roof, hitting the leading bandit and killing him on the spot. The bandits panicked and were still looking. Later, General Qin Qiong came to the rescue and the Queen Mother escaped. When Li Shimin knew this, he was greatly helped by God. In order to thank God and pray for God's help to all Buddhists in the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin issued a decree to build a "West Temple Buddha Hall" on the west slope of the deep river source. The royal name of this place is "Changning Palace". Take the meaning of "peace and constancy". And here stands a stone tablet engraved with the words "Changning Palace".
The Buddhist temple in the West Temple is actually a cave-style temple that is dug into holes on the basis of the cave where Empress Dowager Cixi is hiding on the west slope of Shenhe Garden. 20 19 began to recover according to legend. April 6, 20 19, the day I went, the plaque was officially put up. This photo was taken just after I was hung up by the workers. It should be the first photo after recovery.
Changning Palace is not only an auspicious name, it is surrounded by the central part of Chang 'an District, and it is a treasure. With the deepening of reform and development, Xi discovered the cultural and economic significance of Changning Palace. In order to deeply explore the cultural and social value of the word "Changning", it is decided to incorporate the creation of "Changning New District" into the overall planning of Xi 'an construction. On the basis of Changning delegation, Xi Municipal Government and Chang 'an District Government have established a comprehensive development zone that undertakes the functions of industrial transfer, population evacuation and urban extension in central cities.
Now "Changning New District" is being vigorously promoted, and a "landscape Changning, ecological new district" with 34 colleges and universities has been presented to people. Some people describe this new area as follows: "It faces the vibrant Chang 'an New City in the north, the majestic and verdant Zhong Nanshan in the south, surrounded by two rivers and Shenheyuan in the east. Beautiful mountains and rivers, rich natural materials. "
This is a building with intensive and efficient production space, moderately livable living space and beautiful ecological space. A new city that "integrates good mountains, good waters and good scenery into the city"
1936 After the Xi Incident, Xi 'an was a name that Chiang Kai-shek didn't even want to hear, let alone stay in five rooms in Huaqingchi, Xi 'an Huanglou and Gao Gui Temple. But Xi 'an is an important strategic hub of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a military and political personnel training base (Huangpu Seventh Branch), and a bridgehead of Chiang Kai-shek's anti-* *, so he can't help coming. Hu Zongnan, who is already the highest military and political chief in Shaanxi, has a big headache for this. /kloc-one day at the end of 0/939, Hu Zongnan and Xiong Xianghui, the confidential secretary, climbed the mountain together for exercise. When he came here, he found a dilapidated cave temple. A stone tablet was buried in the mound in front of the cave, which was painstakingly cleaned up from the soil. The words Changning Palace are still clearly visible. Hu Zongnan said to Xiong Xianghui, "Take good care of this stone tablet. This place is nice. There are lush trees on the half cliff, and the air and ground are not easy to be found by the enemy. You can build a house for Mr. Jiang. " Immediately arrange people to carry out investigation and prepare for construction. Chiang Kai-shek's Northwest Palace was started on 194 1 and completed on 1942.
The whole building was designed by former Soviet architects invited by Hu Zongnan. Palace buildings belong to villa-style buildings that combine Chinese and western styles. Wu Bohua, chief of staff of Huangpu Seventh Branch, is responsible for supervising the palace. Due to overwork, the palace was paralyzed in bed soon after it was built. During the construction period, Hu Zongnan often came to check. After the completion, he repeatedly pointed out the quality and placement of all the furniture, and personally tried the sofa and bed. Pick up the special telephone headset and check whether the wiring is fast, accurate and clear.
In September 1942, May/943 and July 1945, both Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling lived here. Changning Palace has completely turned into Chiang Kai-shek's Northwest Palace. Palace buildings, indoor facilities and air defense tunnels are well preserved. Now it is open to tourists.
The rebuilt Changning Palace failed to make Chiang Kai-shek peaceful, and finally he had to flee to Taiwan Province Province.
Twenty-five years after Chiang Kai-shek's death, the bronze statue of Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan Province Province was destroyed on 20 15. On the mainland, both the cemetery of Chiang Kai-shek's ancestral home and the Northwest Palace are well preserved, expressing people's respect for history.
Overlooking the palace from the original roof, from south to north, there are parliament halls, offices, living rooms and Song Meiling's makeup music room on the high slope.
On the steps is a small viewing pavilion.
The main entrance of the palace is in the south, with a small door. The small door is the step that comes up, and the step leads to the small pier by the Luanhe River.
The stone steps outside the door are narrow. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek came to the palace by sliding pole.
Outside the north gate of the palace, several caves were dug up the mountain, which were the headquarters of the garrison. After liberation, the writer Liu Qing lived here, and the first part of The History of Entrepreneurship was completed here. Now it is the photo exhibition room of Liu Qing's deeds.
I. Chamber of Commerce
Room and West Temple Buddhist Temple (this was taken by me on April 5, and the plaque has not been hung).
office
C: Living room.
Both Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling's living rooms have doors, with the living room outside and the bedroom inside.
These three places: living room-office-conference hall, with corridor connection.
D: zhongzheng secret cave
There are six caves under the earth cliff in the east of the palace, and there are dense caves behind them.
The whole secret cave is one kilometer long, and there are mainly two secret exits: one leads directly to Beitianmen at the top of Shenheyuan Mountain in the north, and the other leads to Nantianmen on the half slope of Shenheyuan River in the south. There is a water storage tank, an office, a conference room, a bedroom, a guard room and a bathroom.
All the way east to the fork, journey to the south climbed, and went out of Beitianmen through the shaft.
Climb all the way south and go straight out of the hole, which is the worse gate. You can follow the original waterway.
The mouth of the cave is the south slope of the deep river source, which can directly reach the Luanhe River.
This secret cave is very exquisitely designed, warm in winter and cool in summer.
The palace is heavily guarded. You must have three kinds of passes: red, yellow and white. And only the red pass can enter the core area. The whole palace and indoor furniture are well protected. Six holes outside the secret cave used to be the headquarters of Chiang Kai-shek's second-class guard, and now it is a graphic exhibition in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
When Jiang Weiguo and Shi Jingyi left Xi 'an by train, they avoided each other. At that time, Shi Jingyi was reading an English newspaper, and Jiang Weiguo borrowed it from her. When Miss Shi saw that she was an officer, she didn't care at all, but this encounter laid the initial foundation for their combination. Jiang Weiguo and Shi Jingyi really met at 1942. Shi Jingyi's father, Shi Fengxiang, likes the textile industry in the northwest. Shi Fengxiang held a grand party in honor of the Air Force. Shi Jingyi, the second young lady of Shi Jia, is the master of Shi Jia. At that time, Jiang Weiguo was the company commander of Hu Zongnan. Shi Jingyi is studying in Northwest Agricultural University. On this day, Jiang Weiguo, who was born in the army, was invited because of his cooperation with the Northwest Air-Land Joint Operation Organization. That day, the two met.
Shi Jingyi's round face and big eyes, her frankness and innocence are obvious. She is cheerful and generous, without any affectation or reserve of rich girls, which makes Jiang Weiguo fall in love at first sight. And Jiang Weiguo's open personality, enthusiasm and personable also attracted Shi Jingyi. They fell in love at first sight and soon fell in love. At this time, Jiang Weiguo was nearly 28 years old, and he was old enough for his father Chiang Kai-shek to allow him to get married. So they fell in love quickly and told their parents. The Jiang family and the Shi family have a good family, and the political parties and families are very happy about this marriage. 1943, Jiang Weiguo wrote to his father, Chiang Kai-shek, about his love affair with Shi Jingyi. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek wrote back: This marriage can be combined! .
1944 65438+On February 25th, Jiang Weiguo returned to Xi 'an, his hometown in Shi Jingyi, and held a ceremony in Changning Palace. Entrusted by Chiang Kai-shek and his wife, Hu Zongnan made every effort to organize and personally served as a wedding witness. Naturally, the wedding is extremely luxurious. Chiang Kai-shek didn't have time to attend the wedding, but he sent two words: "Take care of your family, take care of your family, and take care of everything."
This is a two-story villa building where Jiang Weiguo got married and spent his honeymoon outside the north gate of the palace. Now many young people in Xi come here for weddings.
Today, Changning Palace is already a tourist and leisure resort, including not only the Western Buddhist Temple, Chiang Kai-shek's Northwest Palace and Jiang Weiguo Villa. Xi 'an Tourism Group has built Changning Palace Leisure Villa, which integrates catering, accommodation, meetings and sightseeing, on the top of the original building. There are children's entertainment areas, exhibition buildings, hotels, swimming pools and scenic hotel experience areas, and there is a field experience training base on the mountain.
The residential area of the villa is divided according to the form of scenic spots, which is the cave experience area.
Bus No.323 goes directly to Changning Palace, which is very convenient. This is one of the cultural tourist attractions in Changning New District. One kilometer to the east is Huangfu Village, where Liu Qing, known as the "People's Writer", lives, and Liu Qing Cemetery is located at the head of the village. Another of my travel notes-Tomb-Sweeping Day's humanistic journey of "Mourning the People's Writer Liu Qing" in 2065438+09 tells the story of Liu Qinghe's grave keeper.