Danxia landform is a type of red bed landform, which is developed in the red continental glutenite stratum of the Middle-Upper Cretaceous, and is formed by flowing water erosion, dissolution and gravity collapse, such as Chibi, Fangshan, Shibi, Shifeng, stone pillars, gullies, stone lanes and caves.
brief introduction
Danxia landform belongs to red bed landform and is a horizontal structural landform. Refers to isolated peaks and steep rocks formed by long-term weathering and stripping of red sandstone and flowing water erosion. It is the general name of all kinds of Danxia peaks developed along vertical joints in extremely thick red sandstone and conglomerate layers. It is mainly developed in the horizontal or gently inclined red strata from Jurassic to Tertiary, and this terrain is the most typical in Danxia Mountain in northern Guangdong, so it is called Danxia terrain.
Be distributed
A landform in the world, which is composed of red gravel and characterized by Chidan Cliff, is mainly distributed in China, the western United States, Central Europe and Australia, among which China is the most widely distributed, and Danxia Mountain in Guangdong has the largest area, the most typical development, the most complete types, the most abundant forms and the most beautiful scenery. Fujian Taining Scenic Area, Wuyishan, Liancheng, Taining and Yong 'an in Fujian, Chishui in Guizhou, Longhu Mountain, yingtan, Yiyang, Shangrao, Ruijin and Ningdu in Jiangxi, cambra in Qinghai, Danxia Mountain in Shaoshan, Guangdong, Jinjiling, Cang Shi Village in Nanxiong, Nantaishi and Wuzhishi in Plain, Yongkang and Xinchang in Zhejiang, Baishishan and Rongshi in Guiping, Guangxi.
cause
The so-called "red bed" in the red bed landform refers to the red rock series deposited from Mesozoic Jurassic to Cenozoic Tertiary, which is generally called "red glutenite". The horizontal tectonic landform refers to the flat highland dominated by shovel-like horizontal or near-horizontal tertiary thick red glutenite, which forms a flat-topped, steep, isolated and prominent tower landform under the comprehensive action of strong erosion, dissolution and gravity collapse.
The development of Danxia landform began with the Himalayan movement in the Late Tertiary. This movement makes some red strata tilt and relax folds, raises the red basin and forms the outflow area. The flowing water is concentrated in the low-lying place in the middle of the basin and erodes along the vertical joints of the rock strata, forming a deep ditch with two vertical walls, which is called a lane valley. When the flowing water can't be completely removed, the colluvium at the foot of the alley and valley cliff forms a gently sloping colluvium cone. With the collapse and retreat of the ditch wall, the colluvial cone keeps growing upward, and the coverage of bedrock surface also keeps expanding. The bedrock under the colluvial cone forms a gentle slope consistent with the inclination direction of the colluvial cone. After the cliff surface collapsed, the range of the top of the mountain gradually narrowed, forming fortress-like residual peaks, stone walls or columns. With further erosion, the remaining peaks, stone walls and columns will also disappear, forming gently sloping hills. The red gravel layer contains a lot of limestone gravel and calcium carbonate cement. After calcium carbonate is dissolved by water, it often forms some gullies, stone buds and caves, or forms a thin layer of calcified deposits, and even develops stalactites. Funnels also develop along joints. In sandstone, the magnificent terrain formed by cross bedding is called brocade. Rock formations deep in the river can form a square mountain with a flat top and steep walls, and can also be cut into various strange peaks, such as uprights, fortresses and pagodas. In areas with large dip angle, monoclinic ridges are formed by erosion. Multiple monoclinic ridges are adjacent, which is called monoclinic peak group. Large-scale collapse of rock strata along vertical joints will form a tall and spectacular steep slope; The steep cliff slope develops along a group of main joints, forming a tall stone wall; The erosion of the stone wall formed a stone window; The stone window was further expanded and turned into a stone bridge. Narrow and steep alleys and valleys are often formed between rocks. The rock wall is named "Chibi" because of its red color, and caves along the plane are often developed on the wall.
Geomorphological features
The thick and thin sedimentary layers that can be seen on the cliff now, the coarse-grained rock layer is called "conglomerate" and the fine and uniform rock layer is called "sandstone". The most prominent feature of Danxia landform is the extensive development of "Chibi Ya Dan", which forms a fantastic landform with flat top, steep body and slow feet, such as Fangshan, stone walls, stone peaks and stone pillars. Different rocks form a landscape with great ornamental value, which is a veritable "Hongshi Park".
world heritage
The Danxia landform in Chishui, Guizhou will cooperate with Langshan and Wanfoshan in Hunan, Danxia Mountain in Guangdong, Jinhu Mountain in Fujian, Longhu Mountain and Guifeng Mountain in Jiangxi, Fangyan Mountain in Zhejiang and Jiang Lang, which are famous for Danxia landform, to "bind and apply for the legacy". 165438+1On October 5th, relevant departments will hold a meeting in Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province to discuss the application for the Danxia landform in China.
The expert group led by Australian Danxia landform expert Robert Wei Lei recently visited Danxia landform in Chishui, Guizhou, China, and concluded that Chishui has the largest Danxia landform area in China, with unique natural landscape, perfect resource combination and uniqueness. It is the most mature, typical and representative area in China at present. Combined with the Danxia landform in five provinces, such as China and Guangdong, Chishui has reached the world natural heritage standard and can be declared as a world natural heritage.
The expert group conducted a series of scientific investigations in Yang Jiayan, Lion Rock, Ma Lu virgin forest, canyon, Shizhangdong Waterfall, Mount Everest and China Alsophila Nature Reserve. Robert Wiley, a doctoral student from the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences in New Zealand, a professor at the University of Wollongong in Australia and a world-famous expert on sandstone landforms, said that he not only saw such a large area of Danxia landform and such a perfectly protected ecological environment, but also saw the lofty measures taken by people living here to protect nature. There is an endless sea of bamboo, a thorny forest, a series of waterfalls and a large number of endangered animals and plants. He was shocked by such a beautiful place in the world. He said that he will work with experts from China to make efforts for Chishui to be included in the Danxia landform world natural heritage declaration site.
The seven most beautiful Danxia landforms in China.
1No.: Danxia Mountain (Shaoguan, Guangdong)
Second place: Wuyishan (Nanping, Fujian)
Third place: Dajin Lake (Taining, Fujian)
Fourth place: Longhushan (yingtan, Jiangxi)
Fifth place: Zijiang-Bajiaozhai-Gushan Danxia landform
Sixth place: Danxia landform in Zhangye (Linze, Sunan, Gansu)
Seventh place: Danxia landform in Chishui.
Yellow River Danxia Style
There is a red mountain in the small Jishi Mountain on both sides of the Yellow River in the county. This mountain is a bright red rock, towering and extraordinary. It is 0/53km away from the provincial capital Xining/KLOC-and is a tourist attraction. This red rock mass, called "Danxia landform" in geography, is a water erosion landform, especially in Lashui Gorge and Hutiao Gorge of Jishixia in Hehuang area. Danxia has a peculiar landform, with peaks, mountains, caves and cliffs matching each other. Some rocks are like pagodas, some like forts, some like standing cocks, some like galloping horses, and some like Tingting. Tens of millions of years ago, due to the influence of orogeny and long-term hot climate, various rocks were cemented under heavy pressure. This stratum contains red iron oxide, mostly composed of hard thick gravel and sandstone, and water flows along fault marks and joints.