1840 Britain launched the Opium War, which forced the Qing government to sign the treaty of nanking on 1842 and cede Hong Kong Island. 1856, the British and French allied forces launched the second Opium War, forcing the Qing government to sign the Beijing Treaty in 1860, ceding the southern tip of Kowloon Peninsula, that is, the area south of today's Jiejie. After the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1898, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the "Special Provisions on Expanding the Hong Kong Border" in 1898, and forcibly leased a large area of land in the northern part of Kowloon Peninsula north of Boundary Street and south of Shenzhen River and more than 230 nearby islands (hereinafter referred to as "New Territories") for 99 years.
These three unequal treaties were all signed after the Manchu government surrendered to the British gunboats, which made Britain colonize Hong Kong 100.
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