Western Han Dynasty: The inspection system was implemented, that is, counties recommended a dutiful son every year.
Southern and Northern Dynasties: Nine products are in the system, which means rank, that is, selecting officials according to rank and family status. Noble families can be officials even if they have no talent, but it is useless for the poor to have talent.
Sui and Tang Dynasties: During the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, officials were selected through examinations in different disciplines, and Yang Dishi established Jinshi, which was perfected in the Tang Dynasty.
Song and Yuan Dynasties: The imperial examination system was further developed, which was divided into rural examination, national examination and palace examination.
Ming and Qing dynasties: practicing stereotyped writing to learn from scholars. Strict restrictions on form and content further stifled the development of advanced ideas.
trend
(1) From family background and family status as the selection criteria, it gradually evolved into knowledge and ability as the selection criteria.
(2) The way of local appraisal and recommendation has gradually evolved into taking examination as the main selection basis.
Due to the development of society and the deepening of feudalism, the disadvantages of the original nine-product system, hereditary system and recommendation system gradually emerged, and the rulers of feudal dynasties needed more real talents and practical learning, not the gluttony of gentry. Moreover, on the side of the emperor, others were not allowed to sleep soundly, and the gentry served as officials for several generations, and their clans naturally flourished, which had a great influence on the ruler's rule. Therefore, the emergence of the imperial examination system is inevitable.
The imperial examination system has a great influence on the development of education in China to some extent, and it also gives ordinary people an opportunity. However, the drawbacks of the imperial examination system are also obvious. Stereotyped writing is mainly based on Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, which restricts people's thinking to a great extent and makes reading and learning more utilitarian.