I signed the employee's resignation application and later said that I would continue to work. Do I need to get my resignation application back?

No need.

Even if the resignation application is submitted, he is still an on-the-job employee of the company and has not gone through the resignation procedures. You can go to work directly then, and you don't need to go through the entry formalities. If you don't want to go to work, go through the resignation formalities.