(1) Yao Di, surnamed Yin Qi, from Fang Xun. Because he was sealed in the Tang Dynasty, he was called "Tang Yao". Because of his high respect, people fell in love with Emperor Yao. He is serious and respectful, radiant, clear from top to bottom, can unite people's hearts and make all ethnic groups unite as one and live in harmony. Yao is simple, eating coarse rice and drinking wild vegetable soup. Nature is loved by the people. In Yao's later years, on April 12th, Mu recommended the successor of the military leader of the tribal alliance, and everyone unanimously recommended Shun. Emperor Yao married his two daughters to Shun, made a long-term investigation on him, and finally gave up safely.
(2) Yao, the ancient emperor of China, was one of the five emperors. His name is Yao and he is posthumous title. In the Law of the Dead, it is said that "the wing is good to spread the sage and say Yao". Yao was born and raised in the mother's house of Yi Hou, and later moved to Qi, calling Yao his surname and Yao Qi his surname. Yao's father is, his name is Gao Ji, and his number is yes. After 70 years in office, Di Ku died and passed it on to his son Zhi. At the age of thirteen, Yao Fuzhi was sealed in. At the age of fifteen, he was sealed in Tang Di, so Yao's nickname was. At the age of eighteen, Yao was the son of heaven, and they were all in Puban. Tongdian records: "Yao was in Pu", Water Mirror Notes records: "Leitou is also called Yaoshan, and there is an old city on the mountain, which is also called Yaocheng", and "Kanshisanzhou" records: "Puban. Emperor Gaiyao also lived here and later moved to Pingyang. " "Historical Records" said: "Emperor Yaoren is like a sky, knowing like a god, being like a sun, and looking like a cloud." Approaching him is like the sun, and seeing him from a distance is like a cloud. Rich without arrogance, expensive without arrogance. Yellow hat, black clothes, red car and white horse. "Being able to be virtuous, being close to nine families". He ordered his family and He family to push the calendar, set the age at four, and give farming time to the people. The vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice are determined. When Yao was in power, the world was flooded with soup and water was treated with guns. After nine years of failure, Yu was enabled to control water. Yao set up the drum of advice and let everyone in the world do their best; Build a tree of slander and let people all over the world attack his mistakes. He ruled the world for fifty years and asked if there was anyone in the world. Do people love themselves or not? I don't know about it, but I don't know about it. So he visited the people incognito, and an old man knocked on the ground with food in his mouth, singing, "It doesn't matter to me to work at sunrise, rest in the day, dig wells and drink, plow the fields and eat." This ancient poem is called "Song of Breaking the Earth". Emperor Yao initiated the abdication of the emperor. After 70 years in office, he thought his son Dani was not a tool and decided to choose talents from the people. Yao asked the leaders of Wang Zizhong, "Who can shoulder the heavy responsibility of the emperor?" The leader of the four princes said, "There is a bachelor among the people. Called Yu Shun. " So Yao traveled incognito and came to Lishan area. When he heard that Shun was plowing in the field, he went to the field. I saw a young man, tall, broad and sensitive, devoted to farming, driving a black cow and a yellow cow in front of the plow. Strangely, the young man never whipped the cow, but hung a dustpan on the plow shaft, knocked it every once in a while and shouted. When Yao and others arrived in the field, they asked, "The tiller whips the ox. Why just knock on the dustpan and not hit the cow? " When Shun saw an old man asking, he surrendered and replied, "It's very hard for cows to plow the fields. Why should they be whipped?" When I hit the dustpan, the black cow thought I hit the yellow cow, and the yellow cow thought I hit the black cow, so they all pulled the plow hard. Hearing this, Yao felt that the young man was smart and kind, and he was more concerned about cattle and people. Yao and Shun started a topic in the field and talked about some problems of governing the world. Shun speaks truth and understands the righteousness, which is not the view of ordinary people. Yao went to Baili again and praised Shun as a virtuous man. Yao decided to let Shun have a try. Yao married his two daughters and Shun respectively, so that both daughters could see their virtues. Arrange nine people around Shun and let nine people observe his behavior. Putting Shun in the mountains, he tamed all tigers, leopards and poisonous snakes. Shun is clear-headed, clear-headed, not lost in the mountains, and will soon come out. Yao first asked Shun to be an official in North Korea. After three years of trial, he asked Shun to worship Yao's ancestors in Yao's Confucius Temple, and Yao asked Shun to be the emperor. Yao has been in office for seventy years, and he will be old after twenty years. Shun replaced Yao's power, and Yao gave in and died 28 years later.
(3) Yao Diling [There are also several Yaozhongling tombs recorded in historical documents. It is generally believed that in Linfen, Shanxi, the sacrifices of the past dynasties were mainly held here. ] The Mausoleum is located on the north bank of Lishui River in Guo Village, 35 kilometers northeast of Linfen City, Shanxi Province, China. According to legend, Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi Province) is the capital of Emperor Yao, so there is Yao Temple in the south of Linfen and the Mausoleum of Emperor Yao in the east. The earth cliffs around Yao Di Mausoleum are surrounded by mountains, and the river flows south in front of the Mausoleum. The pines and cypresses are green and the tombs are towering. Yaoling is 50 meters high and 80 meters in circumference. There is a shrine in front of the mausoleum, which is said to have been built in the early Tang Dynasty. In the second year of Jintaihe (1202), it was recorded in the inscription that Emperor Taizong had been stationed in Liao, and he paid a visit to Yao Mausoleum and made a statue for it. In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, Taoist Jiang was ordered to build Yaoling. Ming Chenghua, Jiajing, Qing Yongzheng and Qianlong have all been rebuilt. Now the hills are still the same, and the pines and cypresses are still the same. There are mountain gates (music buildings on the doors), memorial archways, wing rooms, memorial halls, sleeping halls, tablet pavilions and other buildings in the temple. Compact layout, fine wood carving, red walls and green tiles, surrounded by clean cypresses, set each other off into a painting. There are more than ten stone tablets in front of the mausoleum since the Yuan Dynasty, which describe the evolution of the Mausoleum and the achievements of Emperor Yao. In the 18th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1539), a complete picture of Yaoling was engraved on the tablet, which was well preserved.
④ Yao Temple Temple is located 3 kilometers south of Linfen. According to legend, Pingyang (now Linfen), the capital of Yaodu, once made contributions to the people, and later built temples for sacrifice. The age of creation is untestable. The existing buildings were originally relics of the Qing Dynasty. There is a mountain gate in front, and there are cloisters, archways, Wufeng Pagoda, Jing Yao Pavilion, Guang Yun Hall, bedrooms and other buildings. Emperor Yao and his four ministers were called "Five Phoenix". "One phoenix ascended to heaven, and four phoenixes sang * * *", hence the name Wufenglou. According to legend, Yao dug it and built a pavilion to commemorate his achievements. Guangyun Hall is a hall dedicated to King Yao, with a height of 27 meters. There are 42 circular corridors around the hall, and the pillars are carefully carved. The golden pillars in the temple are fat, reaching under the eaves, and Yunlong is coiled on the cornerstone. There is a statue of Yao Wang and his entourage in the niche. There are more than 10 stone tablets in the temple, which record the achievements of Yao Wang and the construction of the temple. Guangyuntang was destroyed by fire in 1998 and rebuilt in 1999.
Shun (1), surnamed Yao, was named "Zhong Hua" because of his legendary eyes and double pupils, and posthumous title Yu, so he was named Yu Shun. Zen is located after death. According to legend, after the Yellow Emperor, there were three famous tribal alliance leaders whose names were Yao, Shun and Yu. They used to be the leader of a tribe, and later they were elected as the leader of the tribal alliance. At that time, the leaders of tribal alliances had to consult with tribal leaders on any major issues. Yao is old and wants to find someone to take over. On one occasion, he called the leaders of four tribes to discuss. After listening to Yao, he said, "Your son is a wise man, and it is just right to inherit your position." Yao said seriously, "No, this boy has a bad moral character and likes to quarrel with others." Another man named Huan Dou said, "The workers in charge of water conservancy have done a good job." Yao shook his head and said, "* * * Men are articulate and respectful on the surface, but they are different at heart." I don't trust such people. "The discussion was fruitless, and Yao continued to look for a successor. On one occasion, he called the leaders of four tribes to discuss and let everyone recommend them. The unanimous suggestion of the meeting was to avoid it. Yao nodded and said, "Oh! I also heard that this person is very nice. Can you elaborate on his deeds? Everyone told the story of Shun, and Shun's father was a fool. Shun's biological mother died long ago, and her stepmother was very bad. Stepmother's younger brother is called Xiang, but he is too proud to say so, but he dotes on him. Shun lives in such a family and is very kind to his parents and brothers. Therefore, everyone thinks that Shun is a virtuous person. Yao was very happy and decided to go and see Shun first. He married his two daughters and built a granary for Shun and gave him many cattle and sheep. When the stepmother and her younger brother met, they were both envious and jealous. They played tricks with each other and tried to assassinate Shun several times. Once, Shun was asked to repair the top of the granary. When Shun climbed to the top of the barn with a ladder, he set the ladder on fire and tried to burn Shun to death. Shun saw a fire on the top of the warehouse and wanted to find a ladder. The ladder was gone. Fortunately, Shun wears two hats to keep out the sun. With a hat in his hands, he jumped down like a winged bird. The hat fluttered in the wind and landed gently on the ground, not hurt at all. And a unwilling, let shun to go. After Shun jumped into the well, Hexiang threw mud and stones on the ground, filled the well and tried to bury Shun alive. Unexpectedly, after going down the well, I dug a hole by the well, got out and went home safely. Not knowing that Shun had escaped from danger, Xiang returned home triumphantly and said to him, "My brother must be dead this time. I came up with this wonderful plan. Now we can share our brother's property. " With that, he walked to Shun's home. I don't know. As soon as he entered the room, Shun sat by the bed and played the piano. The elephant was secretly surprised and said shyly, "Oh, I miss you so much! Shun also pretended as if nothing had happened and said, "You came at the right time. "。 I have many things to do, and I need your help to deal with them. In the future, Shun still treats his parents and younger brother as before, and Xiang dare not plot against Shun again. Yao listened to the story of Shun introduced by everyone, and after investigation, he thought that Shun was really a very good and capable person, so he gave up the position of leader to Shun. This abdication is called "mountain abdication" in history. In fact, during the clan commune, tribal leaders were old, and it was not uncommon to elect new leaders. After Shun ascended the throne, he was also diligent and thrifty, working like an ordinary person, and was deeply trusted by everyone. A few years later, Yao died, and Shun wanted to give up the position of the leader of the tribal alliance to Yao's son, which was also opposed by everyone. Shun has just officially become a leader. Shun Di is the originator of moral culture, and Shun culture is moral culture. "Historical Records" said: "The world is famous, starting from Yu Shun". The soul of Shun Di's cultural spirit can be called "morality first, education second", and Shun culture is China culture in the historical turning point from barbarism to civilization. Yan Di culture with farming culture as its connotation, Huangdi culture with political power culture as its connotation and Shun culture with moral culture as its connotation are isomorphic and constitute three milestones of China culture. Jiuyi Mountain is the hiding place of Shun culture. "Historical Records" contains: "Shunnan patrol hunting collapsed in the wilderness of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi in the south of the Yangtze River". In this magical and beautiful land of Jiuyi Mountain, there are many touching stories of Shun Di serving the people, and there are many bitter, nostalgic and beautiful praises from literati and poets who have been to Jiuyi Mountain. Mao Zedong, a great man, once wrote the magnificent poem "Bai Yunfei on Mount Jiuyi, Di Zi under the wind".
(II) [Shundi Mausoleum] Shundi Mausoleum is located in Shunling Scenic Area, which is the target cultural landscape of Jiuyi Mountain Scenic Area in ningyuan county, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province. This is the oldest mausoleum in China. The mausoleum area of Shundi Mausoleum consists of Lingshan (Shunyuanfeng), Shunling Temple, Shinto and Cemetery, covering an area of more than 600 mu. The peak of Lingshan Shunyuan Mountain is small on the top and big on the bottom, showing a bucket shape, with an altitude of more than 600 mu, which is magnificent. There is a mausoleum temple at the northern foot, which sits from south to north, with a large scale, covering an area of 24,644 square meters. It is divided into two courtyards and five buildings. There are solemn mountain gates, noon gates, worship halls, main halls, sleeping halls and wing rooms in the mausoleum temple. There is a 200-meter-long Shinto outside the Mausoleum Temple. Shunling is one of the five ancient tombs in China and the only Shundi Mausoleum in China. Shun Di's southern tour collapsed in the wilderness of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain. There are 36 memorial tablets in the past dynasties on the side of Lingsi memorial tablet, which is a precious historical relic and historical witness. In the mausoleum area with towering ancient trees, the stone carvings, couplets and murals on the mausoleum temple buildings are vivid and unforgettable. There are nearby Mount Ehuang, Nv Ying, Meida, Jiguan, shun feng (three-point stone), Xiaoshao, Banzhuyan, Shunchi, Shunxi, etc., all of which are related to the legend that Shun Di played Jiu Shao and the second concubine cried Banzhus.
The story of Yao Shun's Zen position
After the death of the Yellow Emperor, his son, the son of Changyi, succeeded to the throne, and was called zhuān xū emperor. After Zhuan Xu's death, Gao Xin, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the grandson of Xuanzang, succeeded to the throne and was called Di Ku. Passed the throne to his son Zhi. After Zhi died, his younger brother inherited the throne. This is Di Yao.
Emperor Yao can unite tribal leaders in the world and be benevolent to the people, thus making all undertakings flourish and the people live and work in peace and contentment.
However, Yao is getting old. Therefore, he is determined to choose a talented person to take over his power. So Emperor Yao called together tribal leaders from all directions and said to them, "Ladies and gentlemen, I have been in office for 70 years. Now, I am old, you see, who can replace me? "
At this time, a tribal leader named Fang Qi said, "Your son Dani can inherit your throne." Obviously, Fang Qi said this to please Emperor Yao.
But Yao didn't buy his account at all and scolded him, "What are you talking about? Although Dani is my son, he is lazy and stubborn, and likes to quarrel with others. How to use such a person? "
Seeing Yao say this, Qi Fang fell silent. However, some people still advised: "Prince Danzhu is naughty, but he can have a good education. Besides, emperors in the past were also passed on to future generations. If we make an exception, I am afraid that Dani will be very painful. "
Hearing this, Emperor Yao said seriously, "I have thought about it. Giving power to saints will benefit everyone in the world, but only Dani is suffering. If power is transferred to Dani, everyone will suffer, and only Dani will benefit. I can't take the pain of the whole world to benefit one person! " So Yao ordered Dan Zhu to be exiled to a remote freshwater place in the south, and then let everyone continue to recommend him.
At this time, a tribal leader named Huān dūu not u said, "* * * workers have done a lot of things and made considerable achievements. I think he can inherit the throne. "
Yao shook his head: "No, no! * * * rhetoric is flexible, but with bad intentions; On the surface, you do things respectfully, but even God dares to bully you. This kind of person can't use it! "
Look at everyone who can't recommend a suitable candidate anymore. The four tribal leaders talked coldly for a long time, and then said to Yao, "I heard that there was a young man named Shun in Lishan (now Qianfo Mountain in Jinan, Shandong Province), who was a descendant of the Yu family and had a good personality."
Yao said, "I've heard of this man, too. Let us know him and check him. "
In this way, Yao married his two daughters and. Shun has just turned thirty at this time.
Shun's name is Zhong Hua and his father is Zuo (he is blind). Shun's mother died when he was young, and the blind man's father married another wife. So he was abused by blind couples. Soon, the stepmother gave birth to a son, named Xiang. Because elephants have been spoiled since childhood, they have gradually developed a defiant and arrogant character. However, regardless of these submissiveness, he is always careful to be filial to his father and stepmother and accommodating to his younger brother.
Shun did a lot of work. He used to farm in Lishan, catch fish in Leize, make pottery by the Yellow River, make various handicrafts in Shouqiu, and even do some small businesses in summer. However, no matter what he did, he made achievements.
Because of Shun's virtue, many people came to join him. The place where he lives often becomes a country in one year, a city in two years and a city in three years.
Yao was very happy to learn this, so he gave Shun a suit made of fine ge and a piano. In addition, he gave him many cattle and sheep and built a warehouse for him to store food.
However, although Shun's generous mind and broad mind touched the people around him, they could not change the sinister intentions of their parents and brothers. When they saw that Shun was appreciated by Yao and got many rewards, they were jealous and greedy, so they plotted to kill Shun again and again.
One hot noon, Su said there was a gap in the top of the granary and told Shun to smear it with mud. Shun went to the top of the warehouse without saying anything. The sun was shining too hard, so Shun brought two hats, one to cover his head and the other to cover the gap in the new painting. When Shun concentrated on repairing the top of the warehouse, Sue set fire to the bottom of the warehouse cruelly. Shun used his quick wits to grasp two hats in his hand, spread his arms and jumped from the top of Takakura.
If a cruel plan fails, another plan will be born. He conspired with his youngest son Xiang Xiang to let Shun go to Tao Jing. Shun's two wives were alarmed and asked Shun to dig a horizontal secret exit at the bottom of the well first. Sure enough, when the project was almost completed, the elephant suddenly dropped clods and stones from the wellhead, and soon the well was filled to death. The father and son thought that Shun must have died in the well this time.
The elephant said to the old man, "I planned this plan. Shun's wife and Qin are mine. The grain and his cattle and sheep belong to you and your mother. " Say that finish, like grandly came to shun's bedroom, and proudly played the piano.
Just then, Shun pushed the door and came in. The elephant was flushed with fear and had to strike up a conversation and leave Shun's room.
Shun didn't hold a grudge against Lao Xiang for this. On the contrary, he is more filial to his parents and takes care of his younger brother as if nothing had happened.
Yao is very satisfied. Then let Shun hold all kinds of public offices, and Shun handles all kinds of affairs in an orderly way. After nearly 20 years of investigation, Emperor Yao finally made up his mind to entrust power to Shun and live in seclusion at home.
After Shun took Yao's power, he immediately corrected the four-hour month and the diurnal difference according to the astronomical phenomena. Unified temperament and ruler; Rectify etiquette, abolish torture such as cutting nose and feet, and fix criminal law; Punished and exiled four villains, Chaos, Campus and Gluttony, and used 22 fair, honest and capable talents such as Yu, (gāo yáo) and Peng Zu.
Eight years later, Yao died. Shun led the people in mourning for three years. Three years later, in order to give up the throne to Yao's son, Shun fled to the south. However, the tribal leaders still went to the south to meet Shun instead of Danzhu. If ordinary people go to court, they will still go to Shun instead of Dani. Even everyone gets together to praise political morality, not praise, but praise Shun.
Seeing that he couldn't escape, Shun realized that this was the will of the people and had to say, "This is probably an act of God!" " "So he returned to the capital and became the leader of the tribal alliance. This is Shun Di.
This method of selecting and recommending successors by everyone is called "shàn Rang" in history.