chess
A chess game evolved from ancient Indian or China chess. The forms and systems of modern chess were formed in 15 and 16 centuries. The Chess Federation was founded in 1924, and now more than 100 countries have participated in it, and even more countries have carried out this activity. The large-scale world competitions organized by the Chess Federation include the Olympic Games, World Championships, Youth Games, Junior Games and Women's Games. 1956, chess was officially listed as a sport in China. 1957, China held the first national chess competition. 1980 Liu Liang became the first batch of international masters in China. 1982 Liu (female) became the first grandmaster in China. Xie Jun (female) won the first world championship for China with 199 1.
The chessboard of French chess is a square chessboard composed of 64 small squares of different colors. The light square is called white square, the dark square is called Haig, and the chess pieces are three-dimensional, with 32 pieces. 16 light white chess and 16 dark black chess are divided equally by both sides. Black and white have 1 king and queen, 2 chariots, 2 horses and 2 elephants, and 8 soldiers respectively. Before the game begins, the chess pieces of both sides are placed opposite each other. "Zi" is placed in the first row, that is, Wang, Hou, Che (2), Elephant (2) and Horse (2), and "Zi" is placed in front of this row. The king's half is called "Wang Yi"; The half where the back is located is called the "rear wing". At the beginning of the game, the player holding white chess goes first, and then both sides take turns to play chess until the end. Chess moves from one square to another, or eats the opponent's pieces, and makes the soldiers rise and fall, and the king car is translocated, all of which are counted as 1 chess. Every time white moves first, 1 moves, plus black moves, which is called 1 turn. The playing methods of various tunes are as follows. ① Wang: You are allowed to walk 1 grid once, either horizontally or vertically, except for the king-cart translocation, but you are not allowed to be attacked by the opponent's chess pieces. In the game of 1, each party has the right to transfer the king and the car 1 times, so that the king and the car 1 move at the same time, and only 1 plays chess. ② Back: Walk horizontally, straight or obliquely, with no limit to the number of squares at a time, but no crossing is allowed. ③ Cars: Walk sideways or straight, with no limit on the number of squares at a time. No crossing is allowed except for the king car translocation. ④ Horse: Walk horizontally or vertically for 65,438+0 squares at a time, and then walk obliquely for 65,438+0 squares, and you can pass. ⑤ Elephant: Walk diagonally, with no limit on the number of squares, and you are not allowed to cross. ⑥ Soldiers: Soldiers in the original position can go straight 1 or 2 squares for the first time, and then they can only go straight 1 square every time, and they are not allowed to retreat. The eating method is oblique 1 grid. Soldiers reach the opponent's bottom line by walking straight or eating sideways, and immediately become the 1 species of the rear, car, horse and elephant, and at the same time have the performance of the book immediately, which is called the promotion of soldiers. When a soldier goes straight for 2 squares, if he is tied with another soldier, he can still be eaten by the latter obliquely entering 1 square, that is, "the soldier who has eaten the road." But 1 can't eat after playing chess.
In the game, any chess piece can eat the opponent's chess piece when it moves, take it away from the board and occupy its position. Besides the king, other pieces can also be eaten by the other side. One chess piece attacks the opponent's king, and the next one who tries to eat it is called "General". The side of the "general" must immediately "should" let the king avoid, "pad" the general with pieces or eat the pieces of the other "general". If not, the king is eaten by the other side, even if you are "dying", the other side will win. One of the following situations is a draw: one party goes out to play chess with 1 and proposes a draw, and the other party agrees; One side is guarding the "general", and the king of the other side can't hide from the general; It's the chess player's turn. Although Wang was not defeated by the general, there was no way to go, and his other pieces could not move, forming a "forced peace"; One side found that since the beginning of a game of chess, the two sides had gone for 50 rounds, and they didn't eat any pieces of 1, nor did they move 1. In the game, the same situation is repeated continuously or intermittently for more than three times, and each time it is the turn of the same party to play chess. After the player puts it forward, it is judged as a draw.
In the game, one side should move one of its own pieces when it touches it; If you touch one of your opponent's pieces, you should eat it. 1 cannot be changed after it is moved. The chess piece has touched 1 squares on the chessboard, so it cannot be moved to other squares. Before each move, both sides should make a record of 1 move, and when the time is particularly tight, they should also indicate how many steps they have taken.
There are two kinds of chess competitions: individual competition and team competition. Competition methods include elimination system, big round robin system, grouping round robin system, integral round robin system and team round robin system. Game 1 chess, draw lots to decide who goes white first; In a multi-game game, first determine who goes first in 1 game, and then swap each game in turn. In round robin, opponents and moves in each game are arranged by a unified game sequence table; The integral round robin should be arranged once per round to determine the order of the two sides of the game. In the official competition, a clock with two clock faces and a timeout sign is used to display and control the time of both sides playing chess. The time limit stipulated in China's international and national competitions is: each party must walk 40 feet two and a half hours before it is his turn, and then walk 16 feet every hour. 5 hours is 1 field. 1 It's the end time of the game, and the number of games that both sides should go is full, but it's not the end, that is, the referee announces the end of the game, and it's the turn of the chess player to record the game on the record paper with a complete record, give it to the referee for seal, and then play the game formally. As for the result of each game, the winner scored 1, the winner scored 1/2, and the loser scored 0. Finally, ranking is based on scores.
Players with international rank titles can get the rank titles set by the Chess Federation if they have achieved certain results in various competitions set by the Chess Federation. The international titles of face-to-face competition include: Grand Master, International Master, Chess Federation Master, Women's Grand Master, Women's International Master, etc. Grandmaster is the highest title.
Law of child force application ① Flexibility and coordination of chess pieces. Try to make the back, car, elephant, horse and other chess pieces into movable positions, which can be transported to the places where they are needed for attack and defense at any time. Not only should the sub-units be flexible, but they should also cooperate well to maximize their effectiveness. 2 Good soldier modeling. Generally speaking, it refers to those soldiers who are threatening to the other side and are not easy to be attacked by the other side, such as joint soldiers, soldiers who can move forward at will, and soldiers who pass by. Poor soldiers are like solitary soldiers, backward soldiers and overlapping soldiers. 3 the king is in a good position. The position of the king is related to the force on the chessboard; In the opening and middle stages with more strength, the king should put safety first, and in the endgame stage with less strength, it is best to give play to the fighting role of the king and make him aggressive.
A game of chess can be roughly divided into three stages: the opening stage, the middle game and the endgame, and its players have their own characteristics: the opening stage-the launching stage. The two sides quickly dispatched their own troops to a favorable position, that is, seized the center or a position that had an effect on the center, and the king moved to a safe place. The middle game-the decisive battle begins. This is the most intense stage in the chess game. Its situation is divided into three types because of the different arms structure: open situation. The central soldiers have been eliminated, and the possibility of scout activities has increased, which requires the initiative of the law; Semi-open situation. The central soldiers have strong mobility, and other soldiers should cooperate closely; A closed situation. The central army was blocked, and both sides could only move in the wings, so the troops were sluggish and needed more planning. Endgame-After a middle game battle, the outcome was not even, and the strength of both sides was reduced due to cancellation, reaching the endgame. The endgame is characterized by small strength and strong regularity, which requires careful and accurate positioning.