Liquor Order is a wine culture with China characteristics. Drinking regulations are a unique way for China people to entertain themselves when drinking. Liquor order has a long history, which was first born in the Western Zhou Dynasty and completed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Liquor Order is a drinking game for fun at banquets, which was first born in the Western Zhou Dynasty and completed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Drinking regulations are particularly popular among literati, and poems are often written in praise. Bai Juyi said in a poem: "When you are drunk, you will end your spring worries, and when you are drunk, you will break branches for wine crumbs." Jia Kui of the later Han Dynasty also wrote a book "Liquor Order". In the Qing Dynasty, Yu Xiaopei compiled four volumes of Jiuling Congchao.
Wine orders are divided into elegant orders and general orders. The order method of Yaling is: first, promote one person to be an official, or write a poem, or write a pair, and the others will continue the order according to the meaning of the first order. The continuation must be consistent in content and form, otherwise they will be fined. When making an elegant wine list, we must quote the classics, rhyme, improvise and improvise, which requires drinkers to be literary, talented and agile, so showing the talents of drinkers in the wine list is the best project. For example, an envoy of the Tang Dynasty sent an envoy to North Korea. During the dinner, North Korea ordered one person to drink, saying, "Xu You and Dang Wrong fought for a gourd, from' oil gourd' to' wrong gourd'". Name to name, thing to thing. The envoys of the Tang Dynasty responded appropriately. At the same time, we can see that Koreans are familiar with China culture. The 40th chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions describes Yuanyang as an official, drinking and ordering food, and describes the elegant drinking style of the upper class in Qing Dynasty.
The main methods of general orders are dice, drawing lots, punching cards, guessing, etc. General ordering is easy to create a lively atmosphere in the banquet, so it is more popular. However, it is rude, monotonous and noisy to give orders to grab fists and fight loudly.
Drinking orders not only treat guests with wine, but also drink things, often accompanied by poems and songs, guessing fans. It requires drinkers to be agile, witty, literary and talented. Therefore, the drinking order is not only the expression of the ancient hospitality tradition, but also the crystallization of their drinking art and wisdom.
Drinking regulations are a unique way for China people to entertain themselves when drinking. Liquor order has a long history. At first, it may be to set up a "prison" to maintain order at the banquet. There was an "imperial edict" in the Han Dynasty, that is, an imperial edict was executed at the banquet to punish those who did not finish the wine in the cup. In ancient times, there was a shooting ceremony, and the banquet was called "shooting a swallow". That is, by archery, the outcome is decided. Losers drink. The ancients also had a drinking custom called throwing pots, which originated from the shooting ceremony in the Western Zhou Dynasty. A pot is set on the banquet, and the guests throw arrows into the pot in turn. Those who throw more will win, and those who lose will be punished for drinking. In the 40th episode of A Dream of Red Mansions, Yuanyang drank for an hour and said with a smile, "It's as big as a military order to order. No matter how important it is, I am the only owner. If you violate me, you will be punished. " Generally speaking, alcoholic drinks are used to punish alcohol. However, the main purpose of implementing the wine order is to enliven the atmosphere when drinking. What's more, it is common for people to sit at a banquet and not know each other. Orders act as catalysts to enliven the atmosphere at the party.
There are many ways to order wine. Literati and ordinary people naturally have different drinking orders. Literati often use poems or couplets to guess words or riddles, while ordinary people use some simple methods without making any preparations.
The most common and simplest is "the same number", which is now commonly called "guessing boxing", that is, the gestures of several fingers represent a certain number. After two people have dealt with each other, the sum will be equal to a certain number. At the same time, everyone reported a number. If the sum of the figures mentioned in A is exactly the same as the sum of the figures added, it is considered as the winner and the loser has to drink. If two people say the same number, try again regardless of the result.
Delivery of packages: This is a lively and nervous way to punish alcohol. At the banquet, the guests took their seats in turn. Drum is a place where a person plays, drums and flowers are separated to show justice. When the drums sounded, the bouquets began to pass in turn. As soon as the drum beats, if someone has the bouquet, that person must pay a fine. So the bouquet spread quickly, and everyone was afraid that it would stay in their own hands. Drummers should also have some skills, which are tight and slow, creating an unpredictable atmosphere and aggravating the tension on the field. Once the drums stop, everyone will look at the flower pickers in unison. At this time, everyone laughed in laughter and the tension disappeared. Flower catchers have to drink water. If the bouquet happens to be in the hands of two people, they can decide the loser by guessing boxing or other means. Delivery of parcels is a way suitable for all ages, but it is mostly used for female guests. This scene, for example, is vividly described in A Dream of Red Mansions.
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As an ancient wine official who specially supervised the drinking ceremony, it first appeared in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. "The Book of Songs Banquet begins with a clear meaning": "Anyone who drinks here is not drunk. It is both a prison and a history. " The so-called wine supervisor and wine history are wine officials. There was an "imperial edict" in the Han Dynasty, that is, an imperial edict was executed at the banquet to punish those who did not finish the wine in the cup. Generally speaking, alcoholic drinks are used to punish alcohol. However, the main purpose of implementing the wine order is to enliven the atmosphere when drinking. What's more, it is common for people to sit at a banquet and not know each other. Orders act as catalysts to enliven the atmosphere at the party.
Drinking regulations are a unique way for China people to entertain themselves when drinking. Liquor orders have a long history. At first, it may be to set up a "prison" to maintain order at the banquet. There was an "imperial edict" in the Han Dynasty, that is, an imperial edict was executed at the banquet to punish those who did not finish the wine in the cup. In ancient times, there was a shooting ceremony, and the banquet was called "shooting a swallow". That is, by archery, the outcome is decided. Losers drink. The ancients also had a drinking custom called throwing pots, which originated from the shooting ceremony in the Western Zhou Dynasty. A pot is set on the banquet, and the guests throw arrows into the pot in turn. Those who throw more will win, and those who lose will be punished for drinking. & lt& lt
Wine became popular among intellectuals in the Tang Dynasty. Alcoholism frequently occurs in Tang poetry. Drinking regulations are particularly popular among literati, and poems are often written in praise. Bai Juyi said in a poem: "When you are drunk, you will end your spring worries, and when you are drunk, you will break branches for wine crumbs." Jia Kui of the later Han Dynasty also wrote a book "Liquor Order". The Song Dynasty not only followed the custom of liquor order, but also enriched and developed the liquor order culture. Books that only record and introduce various kinds of wine orders include Collection of Wine Orders, Wine Capital Zhu Yan, Drunk Hometown Law, Guest Heart Order, Small Wine Order, Anyatang Wine Order, West Chamber Wine Order, Eight Immortals Drinking Order and so on. Liquor Order is a colorful flower in Chinese wine culture. Cai Kuanfu, a Song Dynasty poet, said: "People in the Tang Dynasty must take drinking as a command to help them have fun." Archaeological data excavated from the underground also prove that the Tang Dynasty was an era of drinking and having fun. For example, in 1982, the wine tablets of The Analects of Confucius and Jade Candle and 50 wine tablets were found in a silverware kiln in Dingmao Village, Dantu, Zhenjiang, which are very precious materials of the Tang Dynasty. There are many kinds of wine orders in the Tang Dynasty, including calendar order, coffin order, foresight order, nest cloud order, gesture order, banner order, word opening order, silent order, urgent password order, four-character order, fine print order, elegant order, beckoning order, dice order, pommel horse order and throwing order. These wine lists summarize what is popular in society. A large part of these wine lists are guesses. They guess poetry, things or fists. In short, it is decided by guessing something, and then rewarding or punishing the wine.
For example, Wang's "Tang Xianyan" wrote: "Zhao Gong ordered the town to Weiyang and often planned banquets in advance. Because I was familiar with it, I changed the order and said,' The ship is on the water, and the wind is too strong. People under the sail must stand still. "Just answer:' The bottom of the boat on the water is broken. Look at the guests and don't rely on them.' "This is a kind of poem. After the predecessors read a drinking poem, the descendants must respond in the same format, otherwise it will be regarded as a slip of the tongue and must be fined. The alcoholic liquor order of guessing things is also called "guessing things". When playing, some small items, such as chess pieces, melon seeds, coins, dried fruits, etc. , hidden in the fist of the person who gave the order, for people to guess. There are many ways to guess, such as single and double, color, number and so on. Whoever guesses correctly wins, whoever guesses wrongly loses, and whoever loses will be fined.
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Yaling and Tong Ling
There are many kinds of wine lists in China, which can be roughly divided into two categories: elegant list and ordinary list. There are four orders of elegant prose in Historical Records, namely, the order of flowers, the order of poems, the order of riddles, the order of changing words, the order of allusions, the order of names, the order of happiness, the order of words, the order of preparation and the order of colorful clouds.
The method of making the elegant order of alcoholic beverages is: first, promote one person to be an official, or write a poem or a pair, and others will renew the order according to the meaning of the first order. The renewal order must be consistent in content and form, or else they will be fined for drinking. When making an elegant wine list, we must quote the classics, rhyme, improvise and improvise, which requires drinkers to be literary, talented and agile, so showing the talents of drinkers in the wine list is the best project. For example, the envoys of the Tang Dynasty sent an envoy to North Korea. During the dinner, Han Feng presented a wine list, and Tang Shi immediately said, "Fight with Chao Cuo for a gourd, saying' oil gourd' and wrongly saying' vinegar gourd'". Name to name, thing to thing. The envoys of the Tang Dynasty responded appropriately. At the same time, we can see that Koreans are familiar with China culture. The 40th chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions describes Yuanyang as an official, drinking and ordering food, and describes the elegant drinking style of the upper class in Qing Dynasty.
The legendary "Shen Tu Cheng" in Tang Dynasty recorded a touching story about Yaling. A scholar dressed in cloth, Shen Tucheng, arrived at the county magistrate's office. The heavy snow blocked the way and threw himself into the hut at night. The hospitable host cooks wine, prepares seats and entertains guests around the stove. Romantic genius Shen Tucheng raised his glass and ordered, "I hate drinking at night, and I won't come back until I get drunk," quoting a sentence from the Book of Songs. Unexpectedly, just as the voice fell, the host's daughter sitting opposite giggled and said, "Where can you go on such a snowy night?" After that, the girl took a deep look at Shentu City and blurted out an order: "The wind and rain are gloomy, and the chickens crow endlessly." Hearing this, Shen Tucheng was surprised. He knew that the girl used the poem in The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Storm to hide "Don't you like seeing a gentleman?" The last two sentences show that the girl has expressed her love for him implicitly and subtly. So Shen Tucheng proposed to the girl's parents and got married.
The Four Books Order is a kind of wine order composed of four books: Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. It was popular at literati banquets in Ming and Qing dynasties to test the knowledge and alertness of literati.
Flower spirit is a way to drink through packages or colored balls. Tang Bai Juyi's poem "On the Flower Branches" said: "On the Flower Branches, I moved the sea of wine and made the Ming Dynasty regret not getting drunk. Let's just say that pleasure comes one by one, making his face change with the years. " Xu's "Throwing the Ball": ... spread flowers brightly and draw flags one after another. I don't know. I can see colored balls flying under the red candle. "It can be seen how lively the scene of drinking, passing packages and passing balls in the Tang Dynasty is. Seventy-five times in A Dream of Red Mansions, there is a description of "Flower Branch Preface".
Ordering food is a way of drinking and ordering food in the Tang Dynasty, such as "ordering food" and "Anyatang wine spot" in The Analects of Confucius. The latter has 50 kinds of wine lists, each of which has different ways to persuade and drink, which is consistent with the allusions of ancient literati, which not only enlivens the banquet atmosphere, but also makes people master many allusions. "If the peacock opens the bottle first"; "Kong Rong is sincere and kind, and her sex is more tolerant." . The guests are always full, but the wine in the glass is not empty. Don't drink this, but wait on the guests and have a drink for everyone. As for "Ya Pailing", it is a variant of Tang Dynasty, similar to Anyatang Liquor Spirit, and also popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Forty-four pairs of dental cards in A Dream of Red Mansions are described in detail.
The main methods of general orders are dice, drawing lots, punching cards, guessing, etc. General ordering is easy to create a lively atmosphere in the banquet, so it is more popular. However, it is rude, monotonous and noisy to give orders to grab fists and fight loudly.
The main methods of general orders are dice, drawing lots, punching cards, guessing, etc. General ordering is easy to create a lively atmosphere in the banquet, so it is more popular. However, it is rude, monotonous and noisy to give orders to grab fists and fight loudly.
The popular "Flower Boxing" was called "Thumb Fight", "Waving Order" and "Playing Order" in the Tang Dynasty. In other words, the gestures of several fingers represent a certain number. After two people have dealt with each other, the sum will be equal to a certain number. At the same time, everyone reported a number. If the number mentioned in A is exactly the same as the sum of the added numbers, it is considered as the winner and the loser wants to drink. If two people say the same number, try again regardless of the result. In fitness boxing, there are fewer words and poems, and more auspicious words are spoken. For example, "Congratulations, two of a kind, three bright stars, four happiness, five hardware awards, six lucky, seven seven smart, eight immortals crossing the sea", "quick money", "full house" (or "golden") and so on. These wine words all have auspicious meanings. Because the form of guessing boxing is simple, easy to learn and stimulating, it has won the love of the broad masses of the people. In some common folk family banquets in ancient China, this kind of wine was widely used.
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Alcoholism is a game passed down from ancient times to the present, which is used for entertainment and fun in outings. Liquor order is not only helpful to create a pleasant atmosphere and increase harmonious friendship, but also one of the ways of etiquette education in ancient times, so it prevailed in various dynasties and took various forms.
Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period: Pouring Pots
The oldest and most lasting wine sequence should be the first to throw the pot. Pan-throwing came into being before the Spring and Autumn Period and prevailed in the Warring States Period. Historical Records: The Myth contains the grand occasion of throwing a pot. Today, there is a lifelike pot-throwing stone sculpture in the Wollongong Chinese Painting Museum in Nanyang, Henan.
The pitcher has a wide mouth, a big belly and a slender neck. The adzuki bean inside is very smooth and elastic, so the arrow it throws often pops up. The arrow is pointed at one end, and its length is in "Fu" (about four inches in Chinese), which is divided into five Fu, seven Fu and nine Fu. The darker the light, the longer the distance. At the beginning of pot throwing, the conductor (wine conductor) confirmed the position of pot throwing, and then demonstrated that "the winner doesn't win the drink", that is, the winner punishes the loser for drinking, and played the music of "Beaver Head".
The reason why it has the longest history is that it has the most feudal etiquette and benevolence. In the Book of Rites, the special chapter on throwing pots is written carefully. Han Danchun, a celebrity of the Three Kingdoms, wrote the most wonderful description in the Fu of Throwing Pots: "Flowers are endless, rabbit hair and falcon hair are neither surplus nor shrinkage, and they enter the pot smoothly", which can give a glimpse of the grand occasion at that time.
Wei and Jin dynasties: flowing water
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, literati liked to attack the ancient style, drinking and having fun all day, indulging in landscapes, being indifferent to Laozi and Zhuangzi, and roaming in calligraphy. This elegant drinkers' wager game, like "Chun Xue", is not only a means to punish wine, but also outstanding because it is punished as the participation of poetry, an elegant and elegant spiritual activity.
The so-called "flowing water" is to choose an elegant and secluded place, where the literati sit by the water side of the winding waves in sequence, and one person puts a full glass of wine upstream and lets it flow downstream. Stop the glass in front of someone, take it and drink it, then get drunk or whisper or assist, and write a poem. The most famous is the Lanting Restoration Conference held by Emperor Jinyong on March 3rd, 1993. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher, and 465,438+0 celebrities of the Dynasty sent off their feelings in Lanting in Huiji Mountain, and their poems were included in a collection. After Wang Xizhi was drunk, he stayed away from the dragon and snake and wrote the preface to the collection of Lanting, a famous piece throughout the ages. Of course, among the people, some people simplify this to just drinking and not writing poems.
In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in addition to the wine sequence of "flowing water bends water", fu poetry also evolved from this, which was deeply loved by literati. It has become a common practice for southern literati to recite poems at banquets, and those who are late will be punished.
Tang dynasty: Tibetan hook and shooting cover
In the Tang dynasty, "people in the Tang dynasty must drink to be happy." There is a saying in "The Sound of Songs": "Tang Huangfusong gesticulates for drinking, and the joints of the five fingers are famous, and the five fingers are called the five peaks, so that we can know that the fire boxing drama has a long history." Bai Juyi said in a poem: "When you are drunk, you will end your spring worries, and when you are drunk, you will break branches for wine crumbs." "Biography of Liang Shu Guiwang" records: "When King Xiangdong was silent, he gave a banquet with Korean soil, which was regarded as a wine order." Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Drunk Pavilion: "Those who raise their seats and make noise are all happy."
When performed in the Tang Dynasty, Jiu Lingmin was diverse and colorful. At that time, "hidden hook" and "shooting cover" were popular. "Hide the hook" is also called "send the hook", which is simple and easy to do. That is, Party A will "hook" or hide it in his hand or hide it outside his hand, and hold it in a fist shape for Party B to guess and guess the wrong wine. This is like "guessing" now.
"Shegai" is the first team, also known as "Fencao", so that one party can secretly cover things under the utensils and let the other party guess. Shooting is guessing or measuring, and Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is good at it. He wrote in his poem: "When it warms me through the wine of spring, I will remind you how to bet, where we roll dice in groups under the crimson lamp."
Ming and Qing Dynasties: Distorted Wine Order
The popular drinking order in Ming and Qing dynasties should be "twisted wine order", that is, tumbler. Twist it first, and then stop. Whoever looks at the tumbler's face will be punished for drinking, which is called "drinking doll" in Cantonese.
For this reason, Mr. Yu Pingbo called it a "dental tablet" by quoting "Yiqiao Lu". It's a kind of clay tire, a specialty of Suzhou, which is usually used for painting. It's funny and fun. In the sixty-seven chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions, Xue Pan gave such a vivid drinkers' wager game as a gift to Aunt Xue and Baochai.
Since the Qing dynasty, the varieties of wine have become more and more colorful, such as throwing pots to guess films, linking poems and sentences, testing words, or guessing boxing orders. After some "games", the loser or disobedient must finally "drink a big glass".
According to the form, wine list can be divided into elegant list, general list and prepared list. Elegant order refers to the literati's wine order, which can be divided into ci order, poem order, ci order and flower and bird order according to its content. The former requires both pictograms and resolution. There are many changes in the physical structure, such as making words and sentences, conveying meaning, puns, double rhymes or thimbles ... It's really varied and interesting. The latter needs agility and wisdom, quick heart, quick eyes, quick hands and quick lips.
The elegant wine order with the poet's "quiz" as its content is so quaint that ordinary people can't do it, so another kind of wine order came into being that almost anyone can do it without bother. This popular wine list is called the "master list". With the luck of playing wine with dice, of course, you don't have to think about it. It's just that this confrontation between the two armies seems a bit too strong. Passing a package is a more elegant form of general command.
Ruling, litigation and ruling may be conducted separately or jointly. According to the historical records, the wine order is not customized, and the banquet can be played according to the seating situation. If the wine list is skillfully made, it will naturally emerge one after another.
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The popular wine list is easy to understand and learn, and can be used quickly regardless of educational level, which has an overwhelming advantage in prestigious banquets. There are ten main forms of popular alcohol orders:
1, rolling order. Dice (also known as "dice") order is one of the commonly used wine orders in ancient times. Sometimes you can use one dice, up to six dice, depending on the number of people and time. This order is simple and quick, and it is very accidental. It does not need any skills, and it is all luck, which is especially popular with heavy drinkers. There are many kinds of dice sequences, including guessing sequence, six sequences and wine sequences.
2. Guess things. Hide something so that people present can guess what it is. He who guesses correctly wins, and he who guesses wrongly drinks. There are mainly cats and dogs, guessing chess pieces (also known as guessing boxing) and guessing flowers.
3. Palm. Taking the finger as a play is called the finger palm order, which mainly includes the five elements of making orders, the lawsuit of official action, the order of raising the bridge, the order of cutting cloth (this is Japanese boxing), the order of big and small gourds, the order of punching (also known as guessing boxing and thumb play) and the order of multiple guns.
4. Pass the parcel order. Make the official hold the flower branch in his hand, make people drum behind the screen, and the guests pass the flower branch in turn, and stop drumming until the flower branch in his hand is drunk.
5, tiger stickers chicken worm order. Two people face each other, cross talk with chopsticks, and at the same time either shout tiger, stick, chicken, insect, beat tiger with stick, tiger eats chicken, chicken eats insect, insect eats stick, discuss the outcome, and the loser drinks. If a stick makes a chicken or a bug make a tiger appear at the same time, it doesn't matter whether you win or lose. Keep shouting.
6. Spoon order. Take a spoon in the center of the dish and use it to stir the handle to make it rotate. When the rotation stops, the person pointing the hand drinks water.
7. Preface of local operas. Each performer said a local opera, and pointed out that those who can't say famous actors have two drinks, and those who can say half have one drink.
Eight, shoot the seventh order. Start with one number, and there is no limit to the next number. Seven (such as seven, seventeen, twenty-seven, etc. ) on the table, seven (that is, multiples of seven, such as fourteen, twenty-one and twenty-eight) on the table, and those who make mistakes are drunk.
9. Vote. Set a special. The host and guest took turns shooting arrows at them, and the winner won and the loser drank.
10, unveiling order. The magistrate buckled a piece of paper with numbers written on it on the table with a cup. The people at the table don't know this number except the magistrate, but it is required that the number must be between 6 and 36. Let the officer finish his drink, say the word "6" in his mouth and give it to anyone at the dinner party, and so on. If the sum of the added numbers is exactly equal to the number deducted from the cup, it is called winning the prize, and then the person drinks a glass of wine. If it is the official's turn again, and the number does not exceed the number in the cup, only the official is allowed to add "1" to others. If the total number exceeds the number in the cup, then the person will guess with the receiver, guess a few punches after counting, and the loser will drink.
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The appearance of Liquor Order has a great relationship with the development of ancient wine culture in China. China is a country with a long history of wine-making, and the ancients in China always liked drinking. Xia Jie of Xia Dynasty once "used to be a wine pool, which can transport boats"; Zhou Wang in Shang Dynasty once "built a wine pool and a meat forest" to make a "long night drink"; Mu Wang of the Zhou Dynasty was once called "the son of wine", and they were both famous emperors who loved to drink in the history of China. By the Han Dynasty, due to national unity, economic prosperity, people's lives were stable, and drinking became more popular. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Hou Liuzhang of Zhu Xu drank alcohol by military means at a banquet. One of them got drunk, fled the banquet, and was beheaded after being recovered by Liu Zhang. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liang Xiaowang once called many celebrities to Liangyuan for drinking, and let Mei Cheng, Luqiao, Han Anguo and others play the roles. Han Anguo didn't give a few gifts, Zou Yang was his ghost and was fined, while Mei Cheng and others were rewarded. This practice of making certain rules when drinking will be punished if it is violated. In fact, it has set a precedent for alcoholic beverages.
Liquor Order is a wonderful flower in Chinese wine culture, and it is a civilized and artistic behavior to persuade wine. Today, we can master the knowledge about wine order and apply it to drinking activities properly, which can adjust the atmosphere, increase fun, cultivate emotions, enhance intelligence and improve the civilized degree of drinking.