Rules of hard volleyball competition
Basic Rules of Volleyball I. Venue and Equipment Volleyball rules are composed of technical rules, non-technical rules and venue and equipment requirements. The rules of venue equipment, competition mode and the number of participants stipulate that volleyball is different from other sports. The rights and responsibilities of the participants, the interruption and delay of the game, the bad behavior of the players and other rules stipulate that the volleyball participants must play in a fair and moral environment. A large number of clear technical definitions in the rules are the core of volleyball and the basic content we must master. With the continuous development of volleyball and the needs of many objective conditions, the technical requirements of the rules are gradually relaxed and tend to be simple. This will make it easier for people to understand the rules and volleyball. I. Volleyball Competition Venue and Equipment (I) Venue The volleyball competition venue includes a competition area and a barrier-free area. The competition area is rectangular, with a length of18m, a width of 9m and a perimeter of at least 3m. It is a rectangular symmetrical barrier-free area with a barrier-free space of at least 7m from the ground. The obstacle area outside the sideline of the international competition field is at least 5 meters, at least 9 meters behind the end line, and the barrier-free space above it is at least 12.5 meters. (2) The area of the playing field is 1. The playing field is divided into two equal playing fields with a length of 9 meters and a width of 9 meters by the center line of the center line. 2. Draw an attack line (including its width) at a distance of 3 meters from the center line in each field in the frontcourt. Between the center line and the attack line is the frontcourt area. 3. The substitution zone is between the extension lines of the two offensive lines, and the range outside the sideline of the recording table is the substitution zone. 4. The service area is beyond the end lines on both sides. Draw two short lines with a length of 15cm and a vertical distance of 20cm on the extension lines of the two sideline lines, and the service area is between the two short lines. The depth of the service area extends to the end of the barrier-free area. 5. The preparatory activity area is located at the far end of the bench outside the two barrier-free areas, and a 3×3 m square area is designated as the preparatory activity area. (3) The requirements of the competition venue 1. The ground of the ground field must be flat, smooth and uniform, and there must be no hidden dangers that may hurt the players. Do not use hard objects as the boundary of the venue, and do not play on rough and slippery venues. The venue of the world competition can only be made of wood or composite materials. 2. All boundaries of boundary fields are 5cm wide, and their widths are included in each field. 3. The floor of indoor competition field must be light. The color of the boundary line should be a light color different from the ground. The boundary of the world competition venue is white, and the competition venue and barrier-free area are different colors. 4. The temperature and humidity in the lighting room and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit). Illumination is 1000 ~ 1500 lux. The maximum indoor temperature of the world competition should not be higher than 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit) and the minimum should not be lower than 16 degrees Celsius (6 1 Fahrenheit). The humidity shall not be higher than 60%. (4) In addition to the post, net, sign belt, sign pole and game ball specified in the rules, the following equipment shall be prepared for the competition: 1. The bench used by the team can seat at least 9 people. 2. There are generally two people in the recording station, the official recorder and the auxiliary recorder. Generally, there is only one recorder and one announcer sitting on the recording desk in domestic competitions. 3. The referee table should be able to rise and fall, and the lower part should be wrapped with a protective cover to prevent players from being injured when saving the ball. 4. The length of the net ruler should be more than 2.50 meters. Mark the height of the men's net 2.43 meters and the height of the women's net 2.24 meters, and draw another mark 2 cm above these two heights. Because the rules stipulate that the net height of two places shall not exceed 2 cm of the specified net height. 5. According to the rules of barometer, the air pressure of match balls is 0.40 ~ 0.45 kg/cm2, and all match balls must have the same air pressure. 6. Match balls and racks In international competitions, five match balls are required to be placed on the racks, and the competition adopts the three-ball system. 7. Scoring device The scoring device can not only display the scores of both sides of the game, but also display the number of pauses and substitutions of both sides. 8. The replacement card is 1 ~ 18. The two pairs should be of different colors and packed in boxes. 9. The sweeper needs 6 mops with the width of 1 m during the mop competition. 10. Small towel fast sweepers and players need at least ten small towels, with a minimum of 40 cm square and a maximum of 40 cm× 80 cm. 1 1. The air pump is used for air flushing when the ball pressure is insufficient. 12. Both the coach and the recorder should use the buzzer. 13. Forms include record form, location form, report card and broadcaster form, etc. Two. Non-technical regulations (1) players' clothing includes tops, shorts and sports shoes. Jackets, shorts and socks must be uniform, neat and of the same color. In international competitions, all the players' shoes must be the same color, but the trademarks can be different. The number of the coat must be 1 ~ 18, and the color of the number must be obviously different from that of the coat. The front number is at least 10 cm high, the back number is at least 15 cm high, and the number stroke width is at least 2 cm. (2) Articles Prohibited from Wearing Athletes are prohibited from wearing articles that may cause injury and facilitate manual exertion. You can wear glasses in the game, but you are responsible for all the consequences. (3) Basic rights of participants 1. Before the game starts, the captain should sign the scoreboard and draw lots on behalf of the team. Lottery winners can choose to be served or accepted, or they can choose the court. The captain is the captain on the court. The ball is dead, and only the captain can talk to the referee. The captain of the field can ask to explain the rules and their implementation, take a normal game break (pause and substitution), allow to change clothes or equipment, check the positions of players on both sides, and check the floor, net and ball. At the end of the game, he will sign the score sheet to show his approval of the result of the game. 2. Coaches and coaches should check the names and numbers of players on the scoreboard before the game and sign them. Before the start of each game, you should fill in the position table, sign it and give it to the recorder or the second referee. During the game, he should sit on the team bench near the recorder. He can coach the players on the court, but he must sit on the team bench or warm-up area and must not interfere or delay the game. 3. In each game, a maximum of six players can replace players. One player left the playing field and another player took his place. In replacement, you can replace one or more people at the same time. Substitutes can only play once in each game. If a player is injured and can't continue playing, then he must be replaced legally. If it cannot be legally substituted, special substitution can be adopted. If a player is punished or disqualified, he must be replaced legally. If there is no legal substitution, the team will be judged as incomplete, and the team with incomplete lineup will retain its scores and matches. 4. Game break The normal game break is pause and substitution. When the game is a dead ball, before the referee blows the whistle to serve, the coach or the captain of the field asks for a rest with corresponding gestures. One or two pauses can be continuous, with one person on each side, without going through the game. The same team may not make consecutive substitution requests without competition, but two or more players may be replaced in the same substitution request. A time-out is 30 seconds, but in the world competition, the method of technical time-out is adopted, that is, when the score reaches 5 points 10, it is a technical time-out and the time is 1 minute. In each game, the team still has a 30-second timeout. During the time-out, players must leave the competition area and go to the barrier-free area near the team seat. 5. The behaviors of delaying the game are: changing people to delay the time; After the referee whistled to resume the game, he delayed the pause; Request illegal replacement, and make an abnormal request again in the same bureau; The players on the field delayed the game. Delaying the game is a team foul. If the same game is delayed for the first time, it should be given a delay warning, and if it appears again, it should be given a delay penalty. 6. Bad behaviors The bad behaviors of players towards referees, opposing players, spectators or players are divided into four categories according to their offensive degree. (1) Immoral behavior: Participants in the competition argue about the referee's result and threaten the opposing team members. (2) Rude behavior: The behavior of the participants in the competition violates moral principles and adopts uncivilized behavior, which is insulting to the referee, the opposing team members and the audience. (3) Aggressive behavior: slandering the referee, the opposing team member or the audience with insulting language and posture. (4) Infringement: an attempt to infringe on the referee, the opposing team member or the audience or personal infringement. 3. According to the technical regulations (1), the server must throw up the ball or evacuate the holder within 5 seconds after the first referee blows his whistle, and hit the ball with one hand or any part of his arm before landing. If the ball does not touch the server when it hits the ground, it is considered as an attempt to serve. After the service attempt, the first referee should whistle in time to allow the service to be served again, and the server must serve within 3 seconds after whistling again. The server shall not trample on the ground (including the end line) or the ground outside the service area when hitting or dropping the ball. After hitting the ball, you can trample or land on the court or outside the service area. You are allowed to try to serve once every time. (2) Position of players on the court When the server hits the ball, the players of both sides must stand in two rows on the court, with three people in each row. The service is not limited by the position on the court. The position of the player is determined according to the landing position of the foot. Each front-row player has at least a part of one foot, which is closer to the center line than the back-row players in the same row. Each right (left) player has at least a part of one foot, which is closer to the right (left) sideline of the court than the foot of the middle player in the same row. At the moment when the server hits the ball, the landing position of the player's foot on the court must meet its position requirements. After serving, the player can be anywhere on the court and in the barrier-free area. (3) Offline crossing allows players to cross into the opponent's space from offline without hindering the opponent's game. One or both feet of the player are allowed to cross the center line and touch the opponent's court, while part of the foot also touches the center line or is placed above the center line. No other parts of the player's body are allowed to touch the opponent's court except his feet. After the game is interrupted, players can enter the opponent's field. (4) The new rule of touching the net stipulates that touching the net is a foul, but it is not a foul for a player to touch the net occasionally without trying to hit the ball. The so-called not trying to hit the ball means that the hitting action and the hitting attempt have been completed. If you touch the net occasionally after completing the spike or cover spike, it is not a foul. (5) Offensive batting Offensive batting refers to all other actions that directly hit the opponent except serving and blocking. When the whole ball passes through the vertical plane of the net or touches the opponent's player, the attack is completed. Players in the front row can attack the ball at any height, but they must be on the court when touching the ball. Players in the back row are allowed to hit the ball at any height in the backcourt, but their feet are not allowed to step on or cross the offensive line when taking off, and they can land in the frontcourt after hitting the ball. If the players in the back row finish attacking the ball in the frontcourt, a part of the ball must be below the top edge of the net when touching the ball. (6) Blocking refers to the action that a player approaches the net and puts his hand above the net to stop the opponent from coming to the ball. The blocking action of touching the ball completes the blocking. Only the front players are allowed to block, and the back players are not allowed to block. If the player in the back row blocks the ball back, it is a foul. If you block the ball in your own court, it will be your team's first shot. The front row player's blocking and touching the ball is not counted as a stroke of the team, so the team can hit the ball three times after blocking. When blocking the net, the player can put his hand or arm through the net, but it must not affect the opponent's stroke. The ball should touch the ball after the opponent's offensive stroke is completed. In the blocking action, the ball is allowed to contact one or more blockers in rapid succession. (7) The batting rules in the game stipulate that any part of the player's body is allowed to touch the ball. However, the ball must be hit, not caught or thrown, and it can bounce in any direction. If a player violates the above regulations, he will be judged as holding the ball. The rules stipulate that the ball must touch different parts of the body at the same time. If the ball touches different parts of the player's body, it is a combo foul. However, in the blocking action, the same player or different players in the same block are allowed to touch the ball continuously in a single action. In the first stroke of the team, different parts of the player's body are allowed to touch the ball continuously in the same stroke. The first racket refers to receiving the serve, the attack racket, the ball stopped by our side and the ball stopped by the other side. When the team hits the ball for the second and third time, it is not allowed to touch different parts of the body continuously. Although the rules are composed of the above three parts, they are a whole. While mastering the contents of each part, we should organically combine the contents of the three parts. Only in this way can we better understand the rules, understand the rules, and even better implement the rules.