predecessor
The most primitive form of tennis is called indoor tennis. Most historians believe that this movement originated from a game in which missionaries in northern France hit the ball with their palms in the church cloister in the12nd century. By the middle of14th century, a French poet introduced this ball game to the French court as a pastime for royal men and women. At that time, this game was played in the hall of the court. There is no net or racket. The ball is rolled into a circle with cloth and tied with a rope. Set a rope in the middle of the field as a boundary, use two hands as rackets, and throw the ball from the rope. Tenez in French, and "Take it!" In English. Play "means:" catch it! Throw it in the past, and today the word "tennis" comes from it. In the16th century, wooden rackets were used instead of two-handed rackets. At first, tennis was just composed of two hemispheres filled with grass, leaves or hair. Later, with the continuous development of tennis, the production of the ball became more and more exquisite.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, this kind of ball game was discovered by French nationals, and began to imitate it out of curiosity, and quickly spread to major cities, improving the equipment. The ball is made more durable, the racket is changed from a wooden board to a parchment board, the surface area of the racket is increased, and the handle of the grip is lengthened. There are countless short ropes hanging to the ground in the middle of the field, which can be clearly found when the ball passes under the rope. Later, it was banned by King Louis of France, stipulating that this was a court privilege game.
/kloc-at the beginning of the 0/7th century, the rope curtain was no longer used in the middle of the venue, but a small square net was used instead. The net played a better role than the curtain, and the racket was changed into a threaded tennis racket, which was flexible and light. When playing this game in a French court, a golden container will be placed next to the court. After each game, the audience put money on the plate as a reward for the winner. This method was good at first, and then it gradually evolved into a kind of gambling. At the beginning, the number of people was small, but over time, the gambling became bigger and bigger, and some people even lost all their money, so disputes broke out again and again, and the French king ordered the game to be banned again, which was also the main reason for the decline of tennis in the early18th century.
be born
The history of modern tennis generally begins with 1873. That year, an Englishman named Walter Kloton winfield improved the early tennis and made it a sport on the lawn in summer, and named it "lawn tennis". In the same year, a pamphlet named Lawn Tennis was published to publicize and popularize this activity. So winfield is called "the founder of modern tennis". Since then, tennis has become an indoor and outdoor sport. At the same time, tennis clubs have been established all over Britain. 1875, All England Tennis Club was established. This club built the first tennis court in the world, and held the All-England lawn tennis men's singles championship in 1877, becoming a world-famous wimbledon championships.
With the extensive development of tennis and the increasing frequency of competition activities, it is of course impossible without unified rules. So at 1876, representatives of famous tennis clubs in some regions got together to discuss and formulate unified tennis rules in Britain. After many consultations, the representatives of all parties finally reached a consensus on the tennis court, equipment, play and competition, and formed unified rules. After about 1878, most tennis clubs in Britain gradually carried out activities, training and competitions according to the new style of play.
1874, Mary Outerbridge, an American lady who was on holiday in Bermuda, became interested in the sport after watching the tennis match of British officers, so she brought tennis rules, rackets and tennis to new york. In the United States, tennis was first played in schools in the east, soon spread to the central and western regions, and then swept the United States. At this time, tennis has developed from grassland to sand, cement and asphalt, so the name "tennis" gradually replaced the name "LawnTennis", which is the origin of our tennis name today.
In the early days of modern tennis, women were often excluded on the grounds that tennis was not suitable for women. At the same time, it is considered immoral for women to participate in tennis. Therefore, there were only men's singles and doubles in the early tennis competitions, and there was no women's tennis event. However, some female players not only dare to break through the obstacles of public opinion and family, but also surpass male players in technical level. In some informal singles competitions, it often happens that one side is a male player and the other side is a female player. This forced some tennis clubs to break the ban and allow women to participate in the sport. So from 1879, the mixed doubles competition was born, which was the result of women's own efforts.
1878, the first men's doubles championship was held in Britain. 1879, the first women's singles and mixed doubles competition was held in Ireland. 1884, Wimbledon added women's singles and men's doubles champions.
19 13 added women's doubles and mixed doubles champions.
188 1 year, the first national tennis association appeared in the world, namely the National Lawn Tennis Association of the United States (the word "country" was abolished in 1920). The first American lawn tennis men's singles and men's doubles championship was held in Newport, Rhode Island from August 3 1 that year to September 3, using Wimbledon rules, with 26 participants.
Dwight, president of the National Lawn Tennis Association, and Sears, the American men's singles champion, were also the first overseas athletes to participate in Wimbledon.
1887, American lawn tennis women's singles championship was held, and women's doubles and mixed doubles started at 1890 and 1892 respectively.
189 1 year, France held the men's singles and men's doubles championship for the first time. The contestants are only French citizens, and the women's singles 1897 started.
1900, 2 1 year-old American tennis player Davis donated a gold-plated sterling silver bowl called Davis Cup to promote the development of modern tennis. It later became the permanent mobile trophy of the most prestigious men's team championship in international tennis. Every year, the names of the champion team and athletes are engraved on the trophy. 1920 When the name was engraved, Davis donated another cushion box and later added two trays.
1904 The Australian Lawn Tennis Association was established, and 1905 began to host the Australian Championship, with two events: men's singles and men's doubles. 1922 added women's singles, women's doubles and mixed doubles. French Tennis Championships, British wimbledon championships Tennis Championships, American Tennis Championships and Australian Tennis Championships are the most famous "Grand Slam" tennis tournaments in the world. Any player or a group of doubles players who can win these four championships in the same season will be regarded as the winner of the "Grand Slam".
19 13, 1 In March, 2008, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) was established in Paris by representatives of tennis associations from 12 countries, including Australia, and was responsible for coordinating international tennis activities, arranging annual competition schedules, revising tennis rules and supervising their implementation.
19 19, and the "seed" system is adopted for the lottery. 1927, seamless tennis was pioneered in Britain, which accelerated the speed of the ball. 1945 to the 1960s, tennis became professional. 1963 held the women's team competition-confederations cup. 1968, Wimbledon for the first time implemented a competition system that did not distinguish between amateurs and professionals. 1972, the international association of male professional tennis players was established. 1973, the international women's tennis association was established.
At the first modern Olympic Games held in Athens from 65438 to 0896, tennis men's singles and doubles were listed as official events. Later, due to the differences between the International Olympic Committee and the International Tennis Federation on the issue of "amateur athletes", the tennis event that has been held for seven consecutive Olympic Games was cancelled. Tennis was not listed as a performance event until 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. At the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, tennis was once again listed as an official event.
Second, how to play tennis
In fact, to put it bluntly, it will eventually fall on this.
Hitting is a weapon in tennis. The better the weapon, the better the chance of winning. But remember, weapons themselves never win wars. Its use depends entirely on how it is used. Although a good shot is important and even necessary, it is not the ultimate goal, but a means to an end. So, try your best to learn how to hit the ball well, but never be satisfied with hitting the ball.
Hitting the ball by itself cannot win the game, nor can it win the championship. Never pay too much attention to the form of hitting the ball. The correct hitting posture is beautiful and worth learning, but there are some key moments in every game, and the beautiful posture must obey the result, that is, catching the ball back to the opponent's court, using both hands or using the racket frame. So I repeat, try my best to learn the batting technique, but always use it as a means to hit the ball in the right place at the right time. A "bad ball" hit in the right place is better than a ball hit in the most beautiful wrong place in the world. The former scores points and the latter loses points, so the importance of hitting skills should be placed in an appropriate position.
There are some basic principles to remember about hitting skills:
1.？ With the same strength, the speed of spinning is faster if you spin less, and the speed of spinning more balls is slower. It can be seen that the flat ball is always used for offense, while the spinning ball is mostly used for defense.
2.？ In all strokes, the racket head should swing backward below the hitting line, and the hitting point is lower than the outside of the racket face. The upward movement of the racket head can produce some upward rotation.
3.？ All chop, sideslip and volley ball should swing backwards above the hitting line and hit the ball slightly downward to produce some backspin.
4.？ In all strokes, including hitting, chopping, chopping, volleying, smashing and serving, the racket must directly hit the ball and pass it to the expected landing point of the opponent's court. Because the straight line distance is the shortest.
In any case, there should be no exaggerated body movements when slapping. Formal beauty is intangible. Look at those tennis stars. You rarely notice anything special before hitting the ball. The important thing is that they left a deep impression on you. Everything they do is very simple and natural, without any modification. This is another example of "real greatness comes down to simplicity". The real master of all human activities always makes people feel that what they do seems extremely simple. Because they removed all useless movements and unnecessary efforts, leaving only the absolutely necessary parts of their artistic masterpieces. This is the most perfect action in tennis. Try to make your stroke reasonable, correct, firm and simple. Those strange ways of hitting the ball will never be as reliable as the authentic style, and will inevitably collapse under certain pressure. Don't learn those tricks and fancy shots, it's no good.
The process and sequence of learning to hit the ball are very clear:
1.？ Learn the correct grip.
2.？ Learn the correct pace and body posture.
3.？ Learn to hit the ball.
4.？ Learn to hit the ball correctly.
5.？ Learn to hit the ball to a certain position correctly.
6.？ Learn to hit the ball to a certain position correctly, fast, slow and even.
If you want to learn to hit the ball well, the first step is to learn to hold the racket correctly.
There are three ways to hold the racket: Oriental grip, which is the correct way to hold the racket. The eastern grip uses the mainland grip in some hitting methods, while the western grip is outdated and abandoned by most experts.
I mainly discuss the oriental grip, because I think this is the best way to grip the racket. When appropriate, I will mention the continental grip or the universal grip. There are three kinds of grips in the oriental grip system: forehand stroke grip, which is the most critical grip, because learning other grips is based on it. Backhand swing and grip. The continental grip, also called the eastern serve grip, is the grip of all strokes except the stroke.
1. Forehand stroke grip: Hold the racket with your left hand, with the short direction perpendicular to the ground, with the racket handle facing yourself, then (if your right hand holds the racket) press the palm of your right hand against the racket face and translate it to one end of the racket handle, so that the racket handle is in line with your arm, and finally hold the racket handle naturally with your fingers. Note that the racket face and palm are in the same plane, and there is basically no breakpoint at the wrist. This is the key to the eastern grip, and should be learned first.
2. Backhand stroke grip: Hold the grip in the above-mentioned oriental way, and turn the hand counterclockwise by 1/4 turns until the palm is at the upper end of the handle, so that the middle part of the palm touches the flat part of the upper end of the handle, and the arm and the handle are basically in a straight line. Hold the handle tightly and grasp it with your thumb. These two grips are suitable for flat and topspin, including forehand and backhand. Not suitable for non-hitting.
3. European grip: also known as the Oriental serve grip, it is used for cutting, chopping, volleying, smashing, picking high balls, hanging small balls and serving. Never use this grip to hit the ball, especially the forehand, because the strength is insufficient. Starting from the forehand grip, the hand rotates counterclockwise 1/8 cycles, that is, in the middle between the forehand and the backhand, until the palm is just on the oblique side of the handle. Then the fingers naturally hold the racket handle, the thumb naturally surrounds the racket handle, and the wrist is pressed down hard to make it form a certain angle with the racket head to ensure that the racket head is above the wrist. There is no obvious change in hand position, but it is roughly between forehand and backhand. Don't hold the racket too tightly so as not to tighten the arm muscles, and don't go to the other extreme, that is, hold it too loosely so that the handle will turn easily in your hand. When the ball touches the racket, the hand must hold the racket tightly. Many people feel that there is no time to change the position of the grip. If they know how to do it, they actually have enough time. Don't try to turn the racket in your hand, but move your hand on the handle and keep the racket still. Fix the beat with your left hand, and then slide your right hand to the correct position. Remember that the correct grip is the basis of a firm shot.
Although it may be unnatural to start using these grip positions, you should keep practicing until you master them. At first, many people were not used to serving with this oriental grip, because it felt unnatural, but I strongly suggest that you keep practicing until you learn it, because time has proved that it is the most ideal grip at present. In view of consistency, I'll say serve first, because serve is the first shot at each point, but in practical teaching, I advocate forehand grip first, and then learn serve, because forehand grip is easier to learn.