Democracy and autocracy, rule by man and rule by law are all opposites. The progress of world civilization is always accompanied by the perfection of democracy and legal system. The rule of law is dem

Democracy and autocracy, rule by man and rule by law are all opposites. The progress of world civilization is always accompanied by the perfection of democracy and legal system. The rule of law is democratic. Change: retain the Prime Minister before the reform, and the Prime Minister will be in charge of six departments to handle state affairs (2 points); After the restructuring, the post of prime minister was cancelled, and the six ministries were directly responsible to the emperor. (2 points)

Reason: strengthen the monarch's power and weaken the relative power. (2 points)

(2) Reference answer:

Britain: Constitutional monarchy "Bill of Rights" (4 points)? United States: Constitution of Democratic Republic (Presidential Republic) 1787 (4 points)

(3) Defects: ① As far as its scope is concerned, this democracy is a minority of adult male citizens, and slaves, women and foreigners are excluded; (2) in terms of its nature, this kind of democracy is primitive direct democracy, which is only applicable to small and few city-States; (3) As far as the way of participating in politics is concerned, it is likely to lead to the abuse and misuse of state power by drawing lots and taking turns to sit in the village. (6 points)

Test analysis: (1) The key to answering material questions is to answer according to the material. Through the comparison of these two pictures, it can be clearly seen that there was a prime minister before the reform of the Ming Dynasty, but the prime minister was abolished after the reform. The emperor directly led six departments. The purpose of this is to strengthen the imperial power. (2) This question examines the basic knowledge. The representative government in Britain and America is a constitutional monarchy and a democratic system; The two legal documents establishing these two systems are the Bill of Rights and the ConstitutionNo. 1787. (3) This topic examines the limitations of Athenian democracy: the scope is narrow, male citizens enjoy democratic rights, while women, slaves and foreigners do not; Some methods also have obvious shortcomings.

Comments: Democracy is the trend of human development and the focus of examination. Some positive aspects of ancient and modern democracy are worth learning and absorbing.