Peacock Flying Southeast is the longest narrative poem in Chinese folk songs of Han Yuefu. It was first seen in Xu Ling's new poem "Ancient Poems for Jiao Zhongqing's Wife" in the Southern Dynasties. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poems in Song Dynasty included it in Miscellaneous Songs, named Jiao Zhongqing's Wife. The creation time of Peacock Flying Southeast was roughly during the Jian 'an period of Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The author is unknown. There are more than 340 sentences in the whole poem, 1700 words. Mainly because she married Jiao's family and was sent back to her family, her brother forced her to remarry. On their wedding night, Lan Zhi drowned. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties, this poem was widely circulated among the people and continuously processed, and finally became the most outstanding long narrative poem among Yuefu folk songs in the Han Dynasty.
Widows remarry in marriage customs.
Liu Lanzhi was rushed back to her mother's house by her mother-in-law. Only ten days later, the county magistrate sent someone to act as matchmaker for her son. A few days after the county magistrate's matchmaker left, the satrap married his son with the help of the main thin. Liu Lanzhi, who was sent back to her family, why did she have so many proposals? And the pursuer has a high status. Judging from the performance of the article, this is mainly to set off Liu Lanzhi's beauty and talent, which is also determined by the marriage customs at that time. In the Han dynasty, women's chastity was not valued in society. Women can still remarry after being widowed or divorced, and men are not ashamed to marry such women. As we all know, Sima Xiangru, a famous person in the Western Han Dynasty, married a widowed Zhuo Wenjun. Cai Wenji has been married many times; According to historical records, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty also made the married king the queen, who was the biological mother of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. By the end of the Han Dynasty, marriage was very important to my younger brother, and both the county magistrate and the magistrate proposed to Liu Lanzhi to have a son. In addition to the above reasons, they also have the concept of younger brother. For selfish reasons, widows are either married or bullied. The hidden paradise theory. It is said that in order to keep chastity, widows at the end of the Han Dynasty lived a clean life. If they met unkind uncles and unkind and unjust brothers and sisters, some for money and some for sons, they would force widows to remarry. And those widows, some hanged themselves and fought in their rooms, some drank medicine in their wedding cars. Liu Lanzhi was forced into marriage by her brother, thrown into a pool of clear water and killed alive, which was a concentrated reflection of the fate of many widows at that time.
Chinese Valentine's Day; Qixi Festival
Qixi, also known as Daughter's Day and Begging for Cleverness Festival, began in the Western Han Dynasty. When Liu Lanzhi said goodbye to her sister-in-law, she said, "Don't forget each other when you play on the seventh and ninth day." Among them, "seventh day" refers to Qixi. On the seventh day of July, people hold traditional festivals during the day and at night. According to the custom of Han nationality, clothes and books should be dried on this day.
The custom of begging for cleverness is accompanied by beautiful legends about cowherd and weaver girl. On July 7th, I organized a party for Niulang. That night, women decorated themselves with lanterns, held all kinds of needles, arranged melons and fruits in the yard and begged for good luck. Legend has it that when offering sacrifices to Cowherd and Weaver Girl, you can see the white spirit and colorful girl in Tianhe, and you will get good luck. Being flattering is mainly a woman's activity, so it is also called Daughter's Day. They hope to be original with the help of God.
Another activity on Qixi Night is vigil. People worship the world and express their wishes, mainly for wealth and longevity, and for children. Many men took part in the vigil, the purpose of which was to pray for happiness for the whole family. The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl shows the farmers' yearning for the lifestyle of male plowing and female weaving under the small-scale peasant economy in China feudal society.
Something to sit on
The "bed" and "couch" in the poem are both seats. A bed, at first, was just bedding, and later it was also a seat. In order to understand that "bed" and "couch" are both seats, we need to understand the form of ancient people sitting first. In the pre-Qin period, people generally used kneeling posture in their daily lives, but it was uncomfortable to sit directly on the ground, so the habit of paving the way with mats was the so-called sitting on the ground, that is, taking mats as seats. Sit on the mat with your knees and your hips on your heels. This heel pressure is too great, and it will be sore after a long time. It is estimated that with the passage of time, people feel more comfortable sitting on a low bed or a couch with buttocks than sitting on high heels. Therefore, around the Qin and Han Dynasties, the couch began to become a seat. The bed in the Han dynasty was relatively low, which is about equivalent to a city ruler today. Beds are generally huge, mostly indoor fixed furniture; Small and light sofas are mostly temporary tools for entertaining guests. They are removed at the time of use and collected later. So there is a line in the poem "Move my glass couch and put it under the front window". The sofa where two people sit together is called a couch. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan was once called Lu Su, and they "shared the same bed and drank", which cannot be understood as two people lying in bed drinking. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, beds were very common as seats in the North and South. Today, there are still many places that call small benches "footbeds", which may be the result of the evolution of seat names.
Cattle cart in transport
There is a saying in the poem, "Cattle and horses hiss their day", which has existed since ancient times. Because cows are strong and slow, people use ox carts to pull things. Because the carriage of ox cart is very wide, it is also called cart. Before the Qin dynasty, nobles mostly took carriages and rarely took ox carts. This ethos still existed in the Qin and Han Dynasties. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, due to the long-term war, the economy was depressed. According to Hanshu, many civil and military officials in the DPRK rode ox carts, so it can be said that riding ox carts at this time was out of helplessness. Throughout the Western Han Dynasty and the early Eastern Han Dynasty, people always thought that riding an ox cart was a low behavior. But by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the atmosphere had changed greatly, and rich nobles and bureaucrats no longer regarded riding an ox cart as a shameful thing. "Book of Jin" records: "See you later is a little expensive (ox cart). Since the (Eastern Han Dynasty) spirit and dedication, the son of heaven has always taken it. " The period written in Peacock Flying Southeast (Jian 'an Period) is the time when the Eastern Han Dynasty offered the emperor, so the word "ox and horse" in "Cow and horse hissing in the future" cannot be understood as the compound word "horse". The satrap married his son, and the carriage and ox cart were used for different purposes.
Translation of Peacock Flying Southeast
Jiao Zhongqing's wife, Liu Lanzhi, who worked as a small official in the satrap yamen of Lujiang, was driven back to her mother's house by Jiao Zhongqing's mother, and she vowed not to marry again during the Jianfa period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 196-2 19). Her unmarried assistant forced her to remarry and she drowned. Jiao Zhongqing heard about it (Liu Lanzhi drowned) and hanged himself in a tree in his yard. People at that time mourned for them and wrote this poem to describe it.
Peacock bird flew to the southeast, flew five miles, and lingered for a while.
"(I) can weave exquisite Bai Juan at the age of thirteen, learn to cut clothes at the age of fourteen, play the piano at the age of fifteen, and read poetry at the age of sixteen. Being your wife at the age of seventeen often makes me feel painful and sad. Since you are a small official in the prefect's office, you should abide by the rules of the office and concentrate on your work. I stayed alone in an empty room, and the day when we met was really hard. As soon as the rooster crows, I weave silk on the machine and can't sleep every night. I knitted five silks in three days, and my mother-in-law deliberately suspected me of knitting slowly. Not because I knit slowly, but because your daughter-in-law is difficult to do! Since I can't handle (your family), it's no use raising it for nothing. (You) can tell your mother-in-law now and send me back to my family as soon as possible. "
After hearing this story, Jiao Zhongqing told his mother in class: "I am no longer a senior official and enjoy a generous life. Fortunately, I can still marry this (virtuous and capable) wife. After marriage, (the young couple) will live in love with each other and (agree) to stay underground as partners after death. We have been together for less than two or three years, and (life) has just begun. Time is not too long. There is nothing wrong with this woman's behavior. Where did she expect her mother to be dissatisfied? "
Jiao Mu said to Qin Qing, "You are so ignorant! This woman doesn't pay attention to manners and acts according to her own wishes. I've been holding it for a long time. How can you act independently? There is a virtuous woman in the neighbor's house named Qin Luofu, who is very cute. No one can match her. Mom will propose for you. Get rid of Liu Lanzhi and send her away. Never keep (her)! "
Jiao Zhongqing straightened up and knelt down to tell her: "My child respectfully told her mother that if I divorce this woman now, I will never marry again in my life!"
After listening to her son's words, Jiao Mu knocked on the bed (with her fist) and lost her temper (scolded): "What are you afraid of? How dare you speak for your daughter-in-law! I am not good to her, and of course I can't promise you. "
Jiao Zhongqing was silent, bowed to his mother twice, and then went back to his room. He opened his mouth to talk to his wife, but he couldn't say anything: "I didn't want to kick you out, my mother forced me." You have to go back to your parents' house for the time being. I'm going back to the Taishoufu for the time being, and I'll be back soon. You are welcome to my home when you come back. For this, you will be wronged. Don't go against what I said. "
Liu Lanzhi said to Jiao Zhongqing, "Don't bother any more! I remember that at the end of that winter, when I left my mother's house to marry you, I always obeyed my mother-in-law's will when I was serving. How dare I make my own decision? Hard work day and night, lonely torture, always thought there was no fault, and served my mother-in-law all my life. After all, I was driven away. How can I get back to your house? I have an embroidered waist-length coat embroidered with beautiful glitter, a double bucket made of red yarn, sachets hanging at four corners, and sixty or seventy boxes of clothes, all tied with bright green silk ropes. Everything is different. All kinds of utensils are in that box curtain. I'm cheap and worthless, and I don't deserve to take it to see your future remarried wife. Take it as my souvenir, I will never see you again. Always comfort these things, (I hope you) never forget me. "
The cock crowed, and it was dawn outside. Liu Lanzhi gets up and gets dressed. Put on my embroidered skirt and change it several times every time I wear it. Wearing silk shoes at the foot, sparkling jewelry on the head, white silk around the waist, shining like water waves, earrings made of bright moon beads on the ears, slender fingers as white as sharpened onion roots, and rosy lips as rubies. They are so exquisite and beautiful that there really is no second one in the world.
Liu Lanzhi went to the hall to meet her mother-in-law, who was always angry. (Lan Zhi said:) "When I was a daughter, I grew up in the country after I was born. I have never received a good education, and I am even more ashamed to marry your young master. I accept a lot of money and gifts from my mother-in-law, but I can't stand her orders. I went back to my mother's house today, just thinking of my mother-in-law's hard work at home. " Turning to say goodbye to her sister-in-law, tears fell like strings of beads. (Liu Lanzhi says to her sister-in-law:) "When I first arrived at your house, you were still walking in bed. Today, I was kicked out. You are as tall as me. I hope you will try your best to support your mother and serve her old people well. Don't forget me when you play. " (Lan Zhi finished) Going out, getting on the bus and leaving, tears kept falling.
Jiao Zhongqing's horse walked ahead, followed by Liu Lanzhi's garage, and the car made a faint sound. They met at the crossroads. Jiao Zhongqing got off the horse and got into Liu Lanzhi's car. They bowed their heads and whispered to each other. (Jiao Zhongqing said): "I swear I won't break up with you. Go back to your mother's house for a while. I'm going to Lujiang Taishoufu (on business) for the time being, and I'm sure I'll be back soon. I swear to God, I will never be sorry for you. "
Liu Lanzhi stared at Zhong Qing and said, "Thank you for your loyalty and desire for love! Since you remember me like this, I hope you can pick me up early. You must be a rock, and I must be cattail and reed. Pucao and reed are soft and strong as silk, and rocks are not easily moved. I have a grumpy brother. I'm afraid I won't listen to my wishes. When I think about the future, I feel that I am suffering. " Then raise your hand to say goodbye, disappointed, and the feelings of the two people are the same.
Lan Zhi walked into the room and came to Nacella, feeling humiliated back and forth. Mother Liu was very surprised (when she saw her coming back). She clapped her hands and said, "I didn't expect you to come back by yourself! I taught you to spin at the age of thirteen, cut clothes at the age of fourteen, play the piano at the age of fifteen, be polite at the age of sixteen, and send you to get married at the age of seventeen. I always thought I wouldn't make any mistakes. What is the matter with you now? No one greeted you when you came back! " Lan Zhi said to her mother in shame, "There is really nothing wrong with my daughter." Mother was very sad after hearing this.
(Lan Zhi) Just returned to China for more than ten days, the county magistrate sent a matchmaker to the door. (Matchmaker) It is said that the county magistrate's family has a third son, chinese odyssey, who is beautiful and elegant, and is only eighteen or nineteen years old. He has a glib tongue and is very capable.
Mother Liu said to her daughter, "You can promise him." The daughter replied tearfully, "When Lan Zhi came back, Jiao Zhongqing repeatedly told me to swear never to part. Today is against friendship. I'm afraid this is not appropriate. Then you can refuse the matchmaker and talk about it later. "
Mother Liu told the matchmaker: "(We) are poor and humble. We took this daughter and were sent back to our parents' house soon after we got married. If (she) can't be the wife of a government official, how can she be worthy of the son of grandpa? I hope you can ask around (and then visit other women), but I can't just promise you. "
A few days after the county magistrate's matchmaker left, the prefect sent an army to propose marriage. ..... Said the fifth son of the satrap, beautiful and elegant, not married, asked Cheng Jun to be the matchmaker, which was conveyed by the master book. Directly said to Liu's mother, "We are too strong to have such a good son. Since I am going to marry your family, I will be sent to your family to act as a matchmaker. "
Mother Liu declined the matchmaker and said, "My daughter swore an oath before. How dare I say (to her) about remarriage? "
When Lan Zhi's brother heard that the Taishou's proposal was rejected, he was very depressed and said to his sister, "Why don't you think about it? Last time I got married, I got a small official. This time I got a noble son. Luck is a world of difference. (Good luck) is enough to make your life glorious and rich. What are you going to do in the future if you don't marry such a kind son? "
Lan Zhi looked up and replied, "The fact is really like what my brother said. I left home to wait on my husband and went back to my brother's house halfway. How to deal with completely listen to my brother's idea, how dare you make your own decisions? Although I swore to the official, I never got a chance to see him. Immediately promised to keep this marriage, you can get married. "
The satrap's matchmaker stood up from his seat and repeatedly said, "Yes, yes, that's it, that's it." He returned to the county government and reported to the magistrate: "I accepted the task you gave me and went to Liu's house as a matchmaker." The son is very predestined and the matchmaker is very successful. " Hearing these words, the satrap was very happy. He checked the wedding calendar (immediately), looked through the marriage book and told Cheng Jun: "It is very lucky to set the wedding date within this month. Every day of the month is suitable. The good day is the 30th, and today is the 27th. Go to the Liu family and set the date. " Everyone in the Taishou House said to each other, "Hurry up and prepare for the wedding!" People who attend the wedding in a hurry come and go like clouds in the sky. The wedding boat is painted with patterns of bluebirds and white swans, and flags embroidered with dragons are hung at the four corners, floating gently in the wind. A golden cart with white jade wheels, a green horse walking slowly, and a saddle with colorful tassels and gold ornaments carved on it. Gift 3 million, all wearing blue silk thread, 300 pieces of silks and satins of various colors, delicacies purchased from Guangzhou and Jiaozhou. Followed by four or five hundred people, happily came to Lujiang county government.
The mother said to her daughter, "I have just received a letter from the prefect and will meet you tomorrow." Why not make clothes? " Don't let the marriage fail! "
Lan Zhi was silent, covered her mouth with a towel and cried, tears streaming down like water. Take out the glass sofa where I am sitting and put it under the front window. With scissors and ruler in his left hand and silk in his right hand (making clothes by hand). I made an embroidered skirt in the morning and a sweater in the evening. The gloomy sky gradually darkened. Lan Zhi was full of thoughts and went out to cry bitterly.
Jiao Zhongqing heard this change, so he asked for leave and came back temporarily. He went to Lan Zhi's home, two or three miles away. People are sad and horses are ringing. Lan Zhi, familiar with the pounding of horses' hooves of officials, ran briskly to meet him, looking sad and disappointed, knowing that someone was coming. She raised her hand and stroked the saddle, and her heart was broken with a sigh. Said: "since you left me, the personnel changes are really unexpected!" " I have my own mother and my own brother forced me to marry someone else. What is your hope of coming back! "
Jiao Zhongqing said to Lan Zhi, "Congratulations on your promotion! My rock is square and firm, which can be stored for thousands of years, while Puwei is flexible for a while and can only be stored in the morning and evening. You will get richer and richer day by day. Let me go to hell alone! "
Lan Zhi said to Jiao Zhongqing, "I didn't expect you to say such a thing! We are all persecuted, so are you and me. Let's meet underground! (Hope) Don't break today's oath! " (They) shook hands with each other tightly, then said goodbye and went home. When the living bid farewell to the dead, where can the resentment in their hearts be exhausted? Thinking that (they) will leave this world forever, they can't save (lives) anyway!
When Jiao Zhongqing came home, he went to the hall to meet his mother and said, "It's windy and cold today. The cold wind destroyed trees and the orchids in the yard were covered with thick frost. My son is like a sunset now, which makes my mother lonely in the future. I made such a bad plan on purpose. Stop hating ghosts and gods! May you live longer than Nanshan Stone, and may your body be healthy and comfortable forever! "
Jiao Mu heard these words, and her tears flowed down with her voice. She said, "You are a noble son and hold an important position in a big official. Don't try to die for a woman. (You and her) are different, where is the fickle? " There is a wise woman in the East, whose beauty is famous both inside and outside the city. I propose for you, and sooner or later there will be an answer. "
Jiao Zhongqing bowed to his mother twice and then went back to his room. He sighed in his empty room, and his plan to commit suicide was decided. He turned his head to Lan Zhi's inner room, more and more tortured by sadness.
(Lan Zhi) On the wedding day in Ma Si, Niu Jiao, Liu Lanzhi walked into the wedding green tent. After the dark dusk, people began to have a quiet rest. (Lan Zhi said to himself): "Today my life is over and my soul is leaving. Let this body stay on the earth for a long time! " ! Roll up your skirt, take off your silk shoes and jump into the clear pool.
When Jiao Zhongqing heard that Liu Lanzhi committed suicide by drowning, he knew in his heart that he had left Liu Lanzhi forever. He lingered under a tree in the yard for a while, and then hanged himself on a branch in the southeast.
Jiao and Liu asked to be buried together, so they were buried together next to Huashan Mountain. Plant conifers and cypresses on the east and west sides, and plant phoenix trees on the left and right sides. Branches cover each other and leaves connect with each other. There are a pair of birds in the tree. Their names are Yuanyang. They looked up at each other and called to each other until the fifth watch every night. Pedestrians stopped to listen, and the widow heard. She got out of bed and was very upset. Advise future generations to learn from this and never forget it!
Meticulous, Complete and Perfect —— On the Artistic Structure of Peacock Flying Southeast
The long narrative poem Peacock Flying Southeast is a treasure in China's poetic heritage. This poem has made great achievements in thought and art and has been praised by people. This paper only tries to analyze the meticulous and complete structure of poetry and the positive role of artistic structure in expressing the theme and shaping the characters.
The double-line structure develops alternately.
The narrative of the whole poem is organized by the conflicts and emotional entanglements between Zhong Qing and Lan Zhi and feudal parents. These are two main lines. The alternating development of these two lines makes the structure of this poem very neat.
Let's talk about the clues of the conflict between Jiao and Liu and feudal parents. For a long time before Lan Zhi was sent back to China, there were two short articles about Zhong Qing pleading with his mother and Lan Zhi leaving his mother. Zhong Qing begged her mother for a while, depicting Jiao's domineering selfishness, and at the same time showing Zhong Qing's weakness. Lan Zhi's Farewell to Jiao Mu is the first encounter between the tragic hero and the oppressor. This poem shows Lan Zhi's unique and implicit resistance through her dress, manners and words.
After Lan Zhi was repatriated, there were two conflicts between the opposing sides: Liu Xiong's forced marriage and Zhong Qing's resignation before her suicide. Liu Xiong's forced marriage is the second confrontation between Lan Zhi and the oppressor. Poetry shows Lan Zhi's fortitude by "looking up and answering"; Through her tit-for-tat reasoning language, "Xie Jia is a husband, loyal to the middle way, and punished according to his brother's wishes, which shows that she has a clear understanding of her situation." She knew that she had no freedom of choice, so she was prepared to fight to the death while being forced to allow marriage.
After Jiao and Liu agreed to die together, the poem arranged the plot of Zhong Qing's resignation, which concentrated on the contradiction between Zhong Qing and Jiao. There have been two conflicts between Zhong Qing and Jiao Mu. For the first time, the problem of abandoning Lan Zhi was endless. As a result, Zhong Qing gave in under the arrogance of Jiao Mu. The second conflict (that is, the first conflict of words) revolved around Zhong Qing's life and death. In front of the overbearing Jiao Mu, Zhong Qing made such an accusation: "Pretending to be bad, don't blame ghosts and gods" (miscalculation, don't blame ghosts and gods), clearly pointing out that Jiao Mu is the maker of tragedy, indicating that Zhong Qing's attitude has changed. Zhong Qing's farewell to his mother was inserted in the poem before the tragedy ended, which showed the universality and cruelty of feudal ethics. Jiao Mu and Liu Xiong didn't want to brew a tragedy subjectively, but their deep-rooted feudal thoughts and vulgar and decadent outlook on life finally made them act as executioners to kill their loved ones.
Another clue of this poem is the emotional entanglement between Lan Zhi and Zhong Qing. The beginning of the poem explains the relationship between the characters. Lan Zhi loves Zhong Qing because of his family. She told Zhong Qing privately about the ill-treatment she had suffered, and painfully told the story of her repatriation. A sharp family contradiction appeared in front of Zhong Qing. After that, three paragraphs were arranged in the poem, namely three parting plots, which showed their emotional entanglement.
The first paragraph is Zhong Qing's request for permission to go back to his room and say goodbye to Lan Zhi painfully. Zhong Qing is full of fantasy, and Lan Zhi knows that it is difficult to break a mirror. She confessed the clothes she left behind and said that it was "not enough to satisfy future generations". When it comes to "never forgetting for a long time", there is love. A brief conversation record touched Lan Zhi's painful feelings, mixed with resentment and love.
The second paragraph is the difference between Jiao and Liu at the entrance of Avenue. This poem intentionally expresses the lingering friendship between two people. Through a series of actions and language, such as sharing a car, whispering and cursing each other, the rich inner world of the characters is displayed. Describing the sincere love between Jiao and Liu is of great significance to depicting characters and highlighting themes. Imagine that if there is no sincere love between Jiao and Liu, then I would rather die than remarry, which may be explained as a kind of "loyalty" behavior.
In the third paragraph, Lan Zhi was forced to get married, and Zhong Qing came to say goodbye. This passage uses Jiao and Liu's "Where Are You Going" and "A Solemn Meeting with the Same Life" to render the tragic atmosphere of the whole article. At this time, Lan Zhi used the language of counterattack to test Zhong Qing: "I want to respond to others, what can you expect?" Zhong Qing, on the other hand, resolutely replied angrily: "He Jun wants to go higher! Thick rocks can die for thousands of years. Puwei is tough for a while, and then it will be a day. Qing Shengri, I went to the grave alone. " This was full of irony and censure, which dispelled Lan Zhi's doubts and reaffirmed his oath. They decided to sue feudal oppression with death and maintain the loyalty of love with death.
Through the alternate development of two clues, the poem advances contradictions, enriches characters and deepens the theme.
Clever insertion, simple and appropriate
There are some clever interludes in the arrangement of this poem. For example, after writing Lan Zhi's Farewell to Jiao Mu, she inserted a farewell to her sister-in-law. When Lan Zhi said goodbye to her sister-in-law, she "shed tears", which was in sharp contrast to the scene of her mother's resignation. Lan Zhi said some sincere words to her sister-in-law, which showed the close relationship between her sister-in-law. This episode shows Lan Zhi's kind and gentle character well. Another example is that after Lan Zhi was forced to get married, he wrote about the excitement of the Taishou family preparing to get married. This poem describes the splendor of boats and cars and the richness of gifts with highly exaggerated folk songs. This description sets off Lan Zhi's noble character of not wanting to be rich, but wanting to suppress and promote first. The festive atmosphere and tragic ending followed one after another, which made the poem ups and downs and more swaying.
This poem is simple and appropriate, showing the author's cutting ability. For example, after writing Lan Zhi's self-report, "Thirteen can weave vegetarian dishes, fourteen can learn to tailor clothes, fifteen can play the piano, and sixteen can recite poems", there is another leap: "Seventeen is a gentleman's wife, and my heart is often bitter and sad." The sentence "My heart is always bitter and often sad" effectively sums up all kinds of torture I suffered on weekdays, and then I talked about it too late and omitted everything else. Focusing on the abandonment of children, the poem fully explains all kinds of misfortunes that Jiao Muqiang brought to Lan Zhi. Another example is that after Lan Zhi returned to China, he did not mention Zhong Qing for the time being, so as to concentrate on writing Lan Zhi, which was also a cutting effort. For another example, when Lan Zhi returned to her mother's home, she hastily used the mother's shock and Lan Zhi's excuse that her son was innocent, and then immediately launched a new contradiction. Pens are economical and change quickly.
Poetry often describes important plots in many ways. For example, the divorce from Jiao family is the key to the change of characters' fate, which is described in detail in this poem. The author writes that Lan Zhi bid farewell to Jiao Mu, Sister-in-law and Zhong Qing in different ways, and portrayed the characters from different angles. Another example is that after Lan Zhi returned to her family, this poem arranged two forced marriages. This is another great change in the fate of the characters. The pursuers are getting bigger every time, and the family conflicts are getting sharper every time. First, the county magistrate proposed marriage, and the mother expressed disgust with "you can pick it up"; Then the Taishou family proposed marriage, and Brother proposed, "If you don't marry Yi Langti, why come to He Yun?" Such a serious censure. This poem describes in detail the process of forced marriage, such as the activities of the matchmaker, the urging of mother and brother, and Lan Zhi's attitude. These two forced marriages complement each other, profoundly exposing the social roots of this tragedy, and providing sufficient basis for Lan Zhi to temporarily agree to get married and eventually commit suicide.
Echo before and after.
Poetry echoes back and forth in many places, which plays a good role in setting off. For example, birds are used as metaphors at the beginning and the end, and the lingering peacock and the never-separated mandarin duck are written separately, rendering the tragic atmosphere symbolic. /div & gt；