1. Parliament became the highest authority in Athens.
All adult male citizens who have reached the age of 20 have the right to participate in the citizens' assembly. They can make any suggestions, criticize public officials, discuss all major issues of the city-state's internal affairs, diplomacy, war and peace, and participate in voting. The minimum number of participants is 6,000, and it is held 40 times a year.
The conference consisting of 2500 members is the highest administrative body.
During the recess of parliament, it will exercise the functions of Athens national government and become a permanent institution. Its members are 10 regional tribes, with 50 people selected from each district and 500 people selected by lot from citizens over 30 years old. Each district selects a group of 50 people to take turns to be on duty, forming a 500-person meeting presidium. Responsible for convening citizens' meetings and handling daily affairs. From the 50 members of the presidium who are on duty in turn, an executive chairman is elected by drawing lots every day. His term of office is a whole day and night, and he cannot be re-elected during the term of this presidium. On this day and night, he became the highest-ranking public official in Athens.
The jury court (or people's court) is the highest judicial organ.
According to the laws of Athens, any citizen over the age of 30 can become a member of the jury court as long as he is not deprived of his citizenship and has no debt to the state. It selects 60 people from each of the 10 regional tribes by lottery, consisting of * * * 6,000 people, with a term of 1 year, and cannot be re-elected. Responsible for hearing major cases such as state crimes, supervising and assessing public officials, and having the final approval right to the resolutions of the General Assembly. It is also involved in making laws.
4. The power of the Committee of Ten Generals has been expanded.
From the beginning, he only commanded the army, but also participated in politics. When Pericles came to power, the commander-in-chief held the real power of the country. 10 generals were elected by a show of hands at the civic meeting and may be re-elected. At the end of his term of office, he should report his work to the General Assembly.
5. Implement the salary system for civil servants.
Before the 1960s BC, all public offices in Athens were compulsory. From 46 1 year BC, Pericles began to implement the public pension system (also known as "public pension"), which created conditions for every citizen to hold state office. According to the salary regulations, the judges of the jury court pay two APORs a day (about equal to one person's daily living expenses), the consul four APORs a day, and the members of the 500-member conference five APORs a day. This is the first time in the history of the world to implement the salary system for public officials.
In addition, in order to attract more citizens to participate in political activities, it is also stipulated that citizens can receive 1 Apor every time they attend a citizens' meeting, and citizens can receive "theater allowance" for watching plays, with two Apors for each performance.
The democratic politics in Pericles' era was highly developed, but its class essence was still the slave owner's democratic politics, which had its limitations. Although Pericles's reform has expanded the political rights of ordinary people, and some official positions have been continuously opened to third-and fourth-grade citizens, in actual political life, the wealth determines the inequality of political status. In about 45 1 year BC, the citizens' assembly passed Pericles's proposal, stipulating that only people whose parents were Athenian citizens could become Athenian citizens, which greatly restricted the expansion of the number of citizens. According to the available data, the total number of Athenian citizens before and after the marathon was about 20,000. Some scholars believe that only two or three thousand people often attend town meetings. Slaves, foreigners and women are not allowed to enjoy civil rights. The position of General X is unpaid, and this position continues to be monopolized by wealthy citizens (mainly industrial and commercial slave owners). In addition, it must be pointed out that the democracy in ancient slave society is essentially different from that in capitalist countries since modern times. Democracy in Athens can only be a direct democracy within the citizens' collective, and it can't be a citizen representative democracy in modern regional countries.