The extinction of Langdama Buddhism was a dark period of Buddhism, and many Buddhists suffered the same sufferings as Chisong Dêzain Buddhism. At this time, the influence of Buddhism is on the verge of extinction, and it only spreads among the people in remote areas, and the base of Bonism is also among the people. This objectively brings a lot of convenience to Bonism, and they can copy a large number of Buddhist classics fearlessly to make up for their own theoretical deficiencies. From the classic of Bonism, * * * is divided into nine times, which is nine parts. The first four parts are called "Karma", and the main contents are about the teachings of Bonism and various religious ceremonies, such as divination, cursing, praise, prayer and exorcism. This part basically retains the basic content of Bonism. The last five parts are called "fruit multiplication", which is specifically about how to get rid of the suffering of reincarnation. The contents described in this part and the classics telling these contents are basically from Buddhism, and they have all changed from the classics in Buddhism to the classics. "Kangqin, for example, was transformed from the Prajna Hundred Thousand Odes in Buddhist Scriptures; Kang Qiong comes from the Buddhist sutra "Ode to Prajna" of 25,000, this sutra comes from the land of yoga masters, and 100,000 black and white flower dragon sutra comes from the five sutras held together ... "(1)
Judging from the gods worshipped by Bonism, a considerable number of gods come from Buddhism, and many gods are modeled after the image of Buddhist gods. Even the statue of Shinrao in Danba, as an ancestor and god, is modeled after the statue of Sakyamuni in some temples. The "three treasures" of Buddhism, Dharma and Monks in Bonism are also from Buddhism teaching, but the difference is that the Buddha treasure of Bonism is that Danba believes in Rao; Magic weapon refers to the Bonism classics and theories of Danba Sinrao; Monk treasure refers to the disciple of Danba Shinrao.
Living Buddha system is one of the basic characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism. However, some Bonism temples also introduced the living Buddha system into Bonism. For example, "Dege Deng Qing Temple has set up a living Buddha since the early Qing Dynasty, and the eminent monks of the main temple in previous dynasties have been named as the living Buddha of this temple". However, there are still some differences between the living Buddha system of Bonism and Tibetan Buddhism, mainly in the way of inheriting the position of living Buddha, and Bonism is rather chaotic. For example, some temples, like Tibetan Buddhism, are passed down through reincarnation; Some living buddhas in temples are passed down by marriage and children. Some Bonism temples do not have a living Buddha system, and the highest host of temples is Kampo. In Boni religion, Kampo's way of attacking posts is still very confusing, but it can still be seen that it is obviously related to the reincarnation of the living Buddha of Tibetan Buddhism. For example, Kampo in some temples is hereditary (Kampo can't get married and is inherited by my nephew), some temples are reincarnated, some temples were attacked by lottery, and some were pre-designated by the previous Kampo.
There is a six-character mantra in Tibetan Buddhism, which is more popular than all other prayers, and that is the sacred mantra' Ommanna Bamiyan'. Yu Lang, a Japanese Tibetan scholar Imaji, thinks in his paper A Brief Analysis of the Six-character Mantra in Dunhuang Tibetan that the mantra of Ommana Eight Secrets was elaborated in the oldest Mahayana Solemn King Sutra, which was published in Sanskrit at the latest in the 6th and 7th centuries. The famous Buddhist mantra "Ommo Zaledo" replaced the Buddhist mantra "Ommo Bami", which may be such a creation. Elephant-male language is as authoritative and authentic in Boni as Sanskrit in Buddhism. In addition, "'Shambhala' is the pure land name in the Buddhist Wheel Vajrayana, and it is the place where the Buddha taught the Wheel Vajrayana. This land is led by your dynasty and looks like an eight-petal lotus, exactly like the Russian Maolong people described by Bonism. The legendary Omori Dragon Man occupies one third of the world and is also depicted as an eight-petal lotus flower.
Bonism takes a conciliatory attitude towards Buddhism, acknowledging that Bonism is the same as Buddhism, acknowledging that Sakyamuni is the embodiment of the Eight Immortals Rao of Benzudun, teaching Buddhism, and acquiesced in the basic theories of Buddhism, such as impermanence and everything is empty.
Second, the influence of ignorance education on Buddhism
Bonism, also known as Bonism, is the earliest religion in Tibet. His early belief was shaman-style primitive belief, that is, animism, which was no different from witchcraft in Han Dynasty. This Bonpo religion is now called black religion by the world. Witches occupy the highest position in primitive society, so Tibet is no exception. Its influence on Tibetan culture is multifaceted and far-reaching.
In the long history, Buddhism and Bonism were mutually exclusive and infiltrated. We can learn from each other and keep our own beliefs and characteristics. For more than 65,438+0,000 years, Tibetan Buddhism has been in a dominant position in the vast Tibetan areas, but some religious rituals, teachings and gods of Bonism still maintain their original features. For example, in areas that believe in Bonism, statues and scroll paintings of ancient gods such as "Nian", "Zan" and "Ba Se" can still be seen everywhere, and good men and women are still pious in chanting. Moreover, some religious ceremonies of Bonism were also mixed and accepted by Buddhism. For example, the rituals of "praying for blessings", "praying for arrows" and "obo" seen in the vast Buddhist areas today are all inherited from the ancient Bonism rituals. Some gods who originally believed in Buddhism were also enshrined in Buddhism.
Third, the differences between Buddhism and Buddhism.
Bonism and Tibetan Buddhism have some similar or identical characteristics, but there are also many different or even fundamentally opposite contents.
Compared with Tibetan Buddhism, Bonism has a strong primitive religious flavor. For example, besides Danba Shinrao, Tara Buddha, Lotus Peanut, there are various natural gods, which represent the incarnations of natural gods such as heaven, earth, mountains, rocks and trees. "Most of the mountains and lakes in Tibetan areas are worshipped as holy mountains and waters. This is obviously a reflection of nature worship in primitive religion. Not only that, but also divination is good and bad. Witchcraft such as cursing, exorcising ghosts and jumping off buildings to treat diseases is not only an important religious activity of Bonism monks, but also an indispensable part of Bonism's secular life.
The Buddhist chimes used by the Boni lamas are also different from Tibetan Buddhism. Bonisimbel is flat and has a big mouth. When in use, the bell mouth swings upwards. The Buddhist bells used by various factions of Tibetan Buddhism are all deep-caliber, and when used, the horn is shaken downward.
In addition, Bonism temples are closely related to agricultural production activities. Few monks live in Buddhist temples. At ordinary times, most monks return home, work at home during the day, and recite scriptures at home in the morning and evening, leaving only a few people to guard the temple. Only when religious activities are held in the temple can the monks return to the temple, and after the activities, everything will be restored to its original state. This characteristic of agriculture (animal husbandry) is also not available to all factions of Tibetan Buddhism.
"Bonism is marked by' ten thousand characters', which is contrary to the sign of' ten thousand characters' in Tibetan Buddhism. The' swastika used by the Nazi Party' is called' neutralization' and is a symbol of Bonism. It has auspicious, sacred, eternal and firm meanings and has the function of exorcism. The symbol "the swastika used by the Nazi Party" can be seen everywhere in Buddhist temples, stupas, scriptures, houses and clothes of believers. In Buddhism, the symbolic canal of'', called' Wan Zi' or' De Zi', is contrary to the symbol of Bonism, but its meaning and social function are consistent.
The turn of Bonism is completely opposite to that of Tibetan Buddhism. Bonism requires believers to walk counterclockwise when turning meridians, turn the meridian wheel with their right hand and pull the meridian tube with their left hand. Tibetan Buddhism factions are just the opposite. It is said that the Buddhist sects of Bonism and Tibetan Buddhism can't be reversed, otherwise, "it won't work to turn 10 again." Although Bonism is studying Buddhism, it is not copying Buddhism, but selectively transforming and absorbing Buddhism according to Bonism's interests. Catholics never agree with Buddhism.
In a word, Buddha and benzene are opposites, influencing each other and absorbing each other's favorable ingredients. In order to gain a firm foothold in Tibet, Buddhism tried its best to accept the gods of Bonism as its protector, borrowed many rituals of Bonism to change its appearance, and made itself a Tibetan, which was recognized by the people. Bonism classics, which originated from Ali Xiangxiong, are constantly supplemented by Buddhism. In this way, there is no obvious difference between Buddhism and benzene except for special nouns and terms, and the boundaries are becoming more and more blurred. In the later period, Boni also established some monasteries for monks to live and practice their own teachings.
The main line of Tibet's ancient literary expedition was synthesized by spreading the elephant-male civilization of Bonism and spreading the basic teachings of Buddhism. These two civilizations infiltrated and influenced each other in the later development history, and tended to be consistent. They have developed into a rich and colorful religious culture and become a valuable spiritual wealth of the Tibetan people. Understanding the occurrence, development, mutual influence and infiltration of Bonism and Buddhism in Tibet is very helpful for us to understand Tibet's splendid and long cultural history in many ways. Especially for the study of Tibetan ancient culture, philosophy, history, folklore, ethics and other topics, it is undoubtedly an excellent supplement.