It has always been a topic of concern, concern and hot discussion for ordinary people to enter junior high school without examination. In order to further implement the relevant provisions of the Compulsory Education Law on the admission of school-age children and adolescents to the nearest school without examination and the requirements of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and improve the junior high school entrance system, the Ministry of Education issued the Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Admission of Junior High Schools without Examination (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), and the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education answered the reporter's questions on the Opinions.
1. The Opinions came into being with the comprehensive deepening of reform at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. Please talk about the consideration of introducing this major policy.
A: According to the Compulsory Education Law, school-age children and adolescents are not required to attend school nearby. There are no specific regulations on how to implement it.
At the beginning of junior high school, it concerns thousands of families and attracts people's attention. It has always been the focus and difficulty of compulsory education. With the joint efforts of party committees and governments at all levels, after continuously promoting the balanced development of compulsory education and vigorously standardizing school-running behavior, Xiaoshengchu basically remained stable and orderly. However, due to the uneven distribution of quality education resources in big cities, the adjustment takes time and the interests are diversified, there are still problems in choosing schools for compulsory education to varying degrees, which affects the social satisfaction with education and is not conducive to harmony and stability.
The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee called for deepening the education reform in an all-round way, promoting the work of compulsory education to enter schools nearby without taking exams, and solving the problem of choosing schools. The promulgation of the "Opinions" is a concrete measure for the education system to implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, an inevitable requirement for promoting the modernization of the national education governance system and governance capacity, an important achievement in carrying out mass line education practice activities, a concrete action to build a clean and honest party style for the people, and a vivid manifestation of efforts to run a satisfactory education for the people, which is of great significance.
At present, the purpose of issuing relevant implementation opinions is to strictly implement the provisions of the Compulsory Education Law. In accordance with the requirements of the Education Planning Outline and the Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education, while accelerating the balanced development of compulsory education, we should comprehensively implement policies, highlight key points, pay attention to norms, further clarify the enrollment model, counterpart enrollment process, enrollment handling methods and information disclosure methods, and fulfill the responsibilities of governments and education departments at all levels. Strengthen work supervision and social supervision, fully promote the fairness of rights, opportunities and rules, comprehensively improve the work level of junior high school students, and constantly improve the people's satisfaction with education.
2. It is understood that the policies and practices involved in the Opinions have been implemented in some provinces and cities in China for several years. What's the impact?
A: It is a principle stipulated in the compulsory education law to enter the school nearby without examination. How to operate, we guide all localities to actively explore and practice. In some places, the overall effect is still good. Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, Zhejiang and Shanxi have formed relatively stable, mature and effective practices, and big cities such as Beijing and Tianjin have also made progress. In the past two years, we have worked hard to study the practices in these typical areas. Since 20 13, combined with the "trip to reduce the burden" and the special inspection of choosing schools, the practices of Jinan, Jining, Dongcheng, Xicheng and Shijiazhuang in Hebei Province have been emphatically analyzed, and the connotation and rules of the system design of Xiaoshengchu have been refined and formed. After the "Opinions" were written, opinions and suggestions from all sides were repeatedly solicited.
Everyone agrees that the relevant provisions of the Opinions come from practice and are more feasible and operational. Its promulgation and implementation will make the principles of the Compulsory Education Law take root and achieve practical results.
3. Please introduce the main content of the opinion?
The first is to reasonably delimit the scope of enrollment. It is clear that the education administrative department at the county level shall, under the guidance and overall planning of the higher education administrative department, reasonably designate counterpart primary schools for each junior high school according to the number of school-age students, school distribution, school district, school scale, traffic conditions and other factors, according to the principle of nearest admission, and according to streets, road sections, house numbers, villagers' groups, etc.
The second is to determine the enrollment targets in an orderly manner. After a clear division, determine the specific enrollment (student) methods of each junior high school, and allow all localities to arrange junior high school students to go to school in two ways: direct counterpart and random allocation according to the actual situation.
The third is to standardize the admission procedures. It is required that the enrollment procedures of junior high school freshmen in the county should be handled at the same time, and students, parents or other legal guardians should go through the enrollment procedures with valid documents stipulated by the provincial education administrative department.
The fourth is to fully implement sunshine enrollment. Put forward the specific requirements for the implementation of sunshine enrollment, emphasizing the maximum disclosure of the scope, enrollment plan, project time, enrollment results and other related information of each junior high school.
The fifth is to gradually reduce professional enrollment. It is required to weaken the connection between personal interests and specialties and enrollment, and gradually reduce the enrollment ratio of special students. By 20 16, the proportion of special students enrolled in schools approved by the provincial education administrative department will drop below 5%, and there is no such way to recruit special students.
Sixth, do a good job in schooling for the children who move with them. The provincial education administrative department is required to formulate policies and measures for junior high school enrollment of children of floating population according to law, and the county education administrative department should do a good job of implementation. Insist on deepening reform, promoting by classification, distinguishing the size of cities, and properly solving the problem of children of migrant workers.
At the same time, it is emphasized that we should vigorously promote balanced development, try out school districts, strengthen organizational leadership, strengthen publicity and guidance, and provide guarantee and support for junior high school work.
Compulsory education is a basic public service, which the government has the responsibility to provide. Therefore, compulsory education enrollment is a government act, not a school act, and schools have no right to choose students. According to the management system determined by the Compulsory Education Law, the Opinions require that every link in the organization and implementation of Xiaoshengchu should be led by the county-level education administrative department.
4. Some parents asked me how many junior high schools I live in, and the quality of education is different. Everyone wants to be included in the enrollment area where high-quality junior high schools are located. How to ensure the fairness of dicing?
A: In order to ensure the fairness of dicing, the following measures are mainly taken: First, clear responsibilities. Scribing the enrollment range from primary school to junior high school is the basic work for junior high school students to enter the school nearby. Reasonable scribing is the core of the work, and it is also a work link that the masses care about and worry about. Whether the dicing is reasonable or not is related to the credibility of the government and the people's recognition of educational fairness. According to the management system determined by the compulsory education law, it is clear that the county-level education administrative department is the main body responsible for the enrollment work in Xiaoshengchu, and the enrollment scope is delineated in detail. The second is to enjoy high quality. The main scribing method determined in the Opinions is "single school scribing", that is, each junior high school directly and reasonably demarcates its counterpart primary school. Considering the uneven development level between schools, the Opinions also stipulates that high-quality junior high schools should be included in the scope of "multi-school scribing", that is, according to the principle that the number of freshmen enrolled in junior high schools is basically the same as the number of primary school graduates, the same enrollment scope should be delineated for many junior high schools, and the level of running schools in various schools should be roughly balanced. In junior high schools with multi-school scribing, students are determined to be admitted by random allocation. The third is to strengthen supervision. The "Opinions" require that the region remain relatively stable after demarcation. When it is really necessary to adjust, the county-level education administrative department shall invite relevant units and parents' representatives to participate, effectively protect the people's right to know, ensure that the overall work is carried out under social supervision, and strive for the understanding and recognition of the whole society.
5. Opinions let you fill in quality schools. How to ensure fair opportunities? What if students are not admitted?
A: The Opinions allow multi-school scribing, that is, there is more than one junior high school in the enrollment area. However, due to the differences in the quality of junior high school education, it takes a process to achieve balance. At present, in order to ensure equal access to high-quality junior high schools, all students in the district are allowed to register. When the number of students enrolled exceeds the number of students enrolled, students should be determined by random allocation.
Random allocation refers to randomly determining the enrollment of junior high school students by lottery. In order to ensure the fairness, justice and openness of random allocation, it is necessary to inform in advance to effectively protect parents and students' right to know. To implement it uniformly, the county-level education department shall organize the registration of primary school students' graduation information and voluntary recruitment of students, accept the application for examination and admission, and publicize the enrollment results. It is necessary to supervise the whole process, invite relevant departments and representatives to participate, take the initiative to accept supervision, and put an end to black-box operations and graft.
Students who fail to enter the assigned schools shall be arranged by the education administrative department at the county level to enter other under-filled schools according to the principle of proximity.
Because of the policy of reasonable allocation of high-quality high school enrollment indicators to junior high schools, students studying in ordinary schools in junior high schools also have the opportunity to enter high-quality high schools.
6. A friend of migrant workers asked, how is it stipulated that children of migrant workers go to junior high school?
A: According to the clear management system stipulated in the Compulsory Education Law, every link organized and implemented by Xiaoshengchu is led by the county-level education administrative department. The general principle of junior high school enrollment for children of floating population is determined by the provincial education administrative department, and the specific implementation is also carried out at the county level. If the children of migrant workers enter junior high school, they should consult the county education department in advance.
7. When choosing a primary school, can I go to junior high school nearby?
A: In principle, students should enroll in the domicile where their parents or other legal guardians work or live. Those who meet these conditions, according to the "Opinions", can be promoted to primary and junior high schools after graduation. Do not meet the conditions, the specific provisions of the administrative department of education at the county level where the primary school is located.
For students who live apart in primary school but want to go back to the school where their household registration is located in junior high school, the Opinions require that the county-level education administrative department should accept, review and make overall arrangements for schooling. Parents should pay attention to the enrollment methods announced by the county-level education administrative department where the household registration is located on the eve of Xiaoshengchu.
8. Does the Opinion apply to private junior high schools?
A: The principle in the Compulsory Education Law that school-age children and adolescents are admitted to the nearest school without examination is applicable to public compulsory education schools. What is not mentioned in the Opinions refers to public schools. "Exemption from examination" is the universal principle of admission and the right given to school-age children and adolescents by law. "Nearby" is the obligation of the law to the government to guarantee the admission setting. Therefore, for private schools, the Opinions only require public and private schools not to select students through examinations.
9. What provisions did the Opinions make to standardize the enrollment of junior high school special students? Why is this stipulated?
A: The Opinions have clear provisions on standardizing and reducing the enrollment of special students. Compulsory education is a compulsory, free and universal education that is uniformly implemented by the state according to law and must be accepted by all school-age children and adolescents. Admission to the nearest school without examination is a basic principle determined according to the nature of compulsory education and the law of children's physical and mental development. It is not only the requirement of running a satisfactory education for the people, but also a guiding measure to dilute the competitive color of basic education. Its purpose is to promote the balanced development of regional compulsory education, guide schools to implement quality education and promote students' all-round development. However, in some places, majors are linked to enrollment, which increases students' academic burden. Therefore, the Opinions call for gradually reducing professional enrollment. The enrollment of special students must be approved by the provincial education administrative department, and provinces without special student enrollment methods will no longer add this method. The "Opinions" set a timetable and roadmap for standardizing and reducing the number of special students, and gradually reduce the enrollment ratio of special students. By 20 16, the proportion of special students enrolled in schools approved by provincial education administrative departments should be reduced to less than 5%. The specific measures for the enrollment of special students are authorized by the county-level education administrative department to formulate.
10. How to ensure that the relevant policies in the Opinions are implemented?
A: Efforts should be made to achieve transparency, openness and fairness, especially to widely accept social supervision. First, standardize enrollment, enroll students in the sun, let power run in the sun, and take the initiative to accept supervision. The second is to take multiple measures and implement them. By reforming weak schools, exchanging principals and teachers, and trying to run schools in school districts, we can narrow the gap between schools and lay a solid foundation for standardizing Xiaoshengchu. The third is to strengthen responsibility and do a good job in implementation. The "top leader" of the education administrative department should take overall responsibility, be in charge of the specific responsibilities of the leaders, clarify the post responsibilities, strengthen coordination and cooperation, and establish a scientific, orderly, efficient, fair and transparent working mechanism for junior high school students. The fourth is to intensify investigation and punishment, never tolerate it, and give full play to the warning role of punishment.
The "Opinions" is a concrete measure to implement the requirements of deepening reform at the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee, which requires the understanding, support, all-round participation and supervision of the whole society. Only with the concerted efforts of Qi Xin, can the effect be guaranteed.