July 27th, 20 18 was also the nominal observation day of1June, 89815th, but the actual observation point was at 4: 20am on June16th (July 28th, 2008). In summary, it was "/kloc".
In fact, the fifteenth moon and sixteenth circle are common astronomical phenomena. The reason is that the monthly calendar standard of the summer calendar is based on the first day of each month (the method of determining the new moon was adopted in the early Tang Dynasty). The new moon may appear in the early morning of the first day to midnight, and the full moon may appear between the early morning of the fifteenth and the early morning of the seventeenth.
"Looking" here refers to the moment when the bright side of the moon faces the earth and people see the brightest moon. Eclipse is a phenomenon that the earth blocks the light from the sun to the moon, resulting in the temporary or complete invisibility of the moon that should be completely visible. This phenomenon only occurs around the observation point of the sun. As for the "new moon", it refers to the moment when the moon moves between the earth and the sun, and the hemisphere of the moon that is not illuminated by sunlight faces the earth, which makes people completely invisible to the moon. Also known as the "new moon", the summer calendar stipulates that this day is the first day of a month, that is, the first day. Eclipse, that is, the moon blocked the sun's light from shining on the earth, causing the sun, which should be completely visible, to be partially or completely invisible for a short time. This phenomenon only happens around the new moon. Therefore, the solar eclipse is also used to identify and verify the new moon when the moon is invisible. The so-called lunar month, that is, from one northern day to the next, or from one looking at the sun to the next, is also a lunar month. Yin here refers to the moon in the lunar calendar. The so-called lunar month is also the moon month. In essence, there is no concept of the moon in the solar calendar. The so-called solar calendar month is only similar to and slightly larger than the number of months and days in the lunar calendar according to the name of the month, but its date order has nothing to do with the phase of the month, so the authenticity of the month is not great.
The summer calendar month in China is a real lunar calendar month, with the day between two northern days as a month. China's Tibetan calendar is also a lunar calendar, but the 15 of each month is fixed on the lookout (or can it be called the fixed lookout method? ) to determine a month. The first month of the lunar calendar in the Jewish calendar (also a combination of yin and yang) is set on the day when the new moon is visible, which is one or two days later than the first month in the summer calendar. Therefore, the same number of days between different lunar calendars does not mean that the actual number of days is the same.
As far as the summer calendar is concerned, the beginning of each month must be in the new moon. But the specific new moon point may occur in the early morning of the first day, or it may occur in the evening of the first day. In addition, the speed of the moon varies from time to time in a perigee month (referring to the time interval when the moon passes through perigee (or apogee) twice in a row around the earth), and the speed of Japan also varies in a tropical year, which leads to the length and short of each lunar month itself. In this way, the perfect moment of "seeing" the moon can occur in the early morning of 15, later on 16, and possibly in the morning of 17 at the latest. This is the astronomical fact behind the phenomenon of "fifteen moons and sixteen circles" as the saying goes.
Moreover, the phenomenon of "fifteen moons and sixteen laps" involves the sun, but it has nothing to do with the solar calendar. Therefore, those who explain this phenomenon by the solar calendar can only be fascinated by him. In order to better understand the theory of "156 moons", this paper sorts out the 13 moons (or full moons or full moons) visible in the 20 18 Gregorian calendar and their corresponding new moon dates, and shows them in the following table:
Obviously, the full moon appeared on 15, followed by 16, and 17 was the least. It is also not common to say 15 full moon, 16 full moon. According to daily life habits, the early morning of 16th is fifteen nights, and the early morning of 17th is Izayoi. In other words, Wang basically only appeared at 15 and 16, and most likely appeared at 15. This is probably the statistical basis for the ancients to set the nominal hope day at fifteen instead of sixteen. Sages are wise. Therefore, it is not appropriate to understand "the moon on the fifteenth day is sixteen laps" as "the moon on the fifteenth day is sixteen laps", and the correct understanding of "the moon on the fifteenth day is sixteen laps" should be: the moon on the fifteenth day is usually sometimes sixteen laps.
As mentioned earlier, the phenomenon of "the fifteenth moon and the sixteenth circle" is caused by the uneven running speed of the sun and the moon because the first day is fixed on the first day. The movement of the sun and the moon is a purely natural phenomenon, but how to determine that the beginning of January is man-made. In the Tibetan calendar, the fifteenth day is fixed on the sun, and the full moon is fifteen, that is, the moon must be fifteen laps, so there is no phenomenon of "fifteen moons and sixteen laps" and related statements. Therefore, it can also be said that fixing the first day in the new moon is the decisive human factor leading to the phenomenon of "the fifteenth moon and the sixteenth circle". In the calendar, not only the starting point of a month is artificially determined, but also the starting point of a day and a year.
In China's traditional calendars, such as the summer calendar, a day begins at midnight when the sun is out of sight, which is different from the morning in the daily life of ethnic minorities and the night when Jews start a new day. The first day of each month is a "new moon" where the moon is invisible; Taking the winter solstice (in the northern hemisphere) with the shortest sunshine time as the beginning of the tropic year (solar calendar year), and on this day, the emperor personally or appoints a senior representative to the Temple of Heaven to worship heaven, and the month where the winter solstice is located is fixed as the next month, which is different from the spring in the daily life of ethnic minorities and the modern vernal equinox as the beginning of the tropic year. Although it is slightly different from modern practice, it is also very scientific and embodies the cognitive characteristics of Chinese civilization. Its positive significance is undeniable and needs further discussion.
It is not difficult to imagine that there must be some philosophy or thought behind Chinese mainland's calendar, which is different from daily life and artificially stipulates that a dark moment or a bleak day is the beginning of a day, a month or a year. In this regard, my first thought is that there is no Taoist thought to emphasize metaphysics (black) and advocate making something out of nothing.
In fact, the practice of setting the first day of each month as the first day of the first month was also implemented from the Lindeli compiled by Gao Daoli in the early Tang Dynasty. Although the calendar is constantly improved and updated, the method of determining the new moon has been used to this day. It can be said that the existence of the phenomenon of "fifteen moons and sixteen circles" is also the embodiment and reflection of Taoist thought in the calendar.
From this point of view, the ancient Gao Dao, especially in the Tang Dynasty, mostly observed Buddhism and served the society. They were also leaders and builders in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. These traditions should be inherited and imitated by Taoist priests today.
On the other hand, the uniqueness of July 27th, June18, July 28th and June 16, 2008 is not limited to fulfilling the theory of "fifteen moons and sixteen circles". In fact, there are still many astronomical phenomena that are more cherished. First, on July 27, 20 18, Mars moved to a position roughly in a straight line with the earth and the sun, which was the closest position to the earth in 15 years, that is, Chong 4; Secondly, as mentioned above, the eclipse will only occur in the morning of June 16 (2065438+July 28, 2008), which is the longest total lunar eclipse in this century. Third, in the 16-month circle during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, not only a big impact of Mars (the sun) occurred, but also a long-term total lunar eclipse, which occurred one after another or almost at the same time, which was an extremely rare astronomical phenomenon. Meanwhile, the next two months will be a good time to observe Mars. So remember it.
Expect1June, 898 16/Gregorian calendar 2065438+July 28th, 2008 to be first published in the author's blog blog.sina.com.cn/yieris..
1 June 20, 898/Gregorian calendar 2065438+August 20081Revise and add new drawings.
1898 summer calendar, winter month, fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, nominal mid-winter? The day before the solar winter/Gregorian calendar 20 18 12 2 1 reissued to the author.
In 47 15 years, the picture of the 17th day of the winter month /20 18 65438+23 was added in February.
(The photos used in this article are all from the Internet, except those that are not marked as easy to take. )
Fifteen moons and seventeen circles,
The moon walks slowly, waiting for the sun to come back.
Yin and yang combine to get pregnant in the new year,
Sunchon carrier is natural.
Merry Christmas to the winter solstice and the God of heaven!
47/kloc-October 16th, 0/5? Supplementary Notes on Winter Solstice and Yuanshi Tianzun Christmas/Gregorian calendar 20 18 12.22