If Ethereum is a computer, every update can be regarded as an operating system (OS) upgrade. Similar to Google's Android upgrade or Apple's IOS series, Ethereum will be divided into four stages.
When its version is released in these four stages, Ethereum will add new functions, improve the user-friendliness of the platform and system security, and improve the scalability of Ethereum.
The first stage, Frontier (2065438+July 2005): Ethereum released the first version, allowing developers to explore Ethereum, based on Ethereum.
The second stage is the development of DAPP and tool software, Homestead (2065438+March 2006): the first version of the production environment was released, and many protocols were optimized and improved, which laid the foundation for subsequent upgrades and accelerated the transaction speed. The third stage, Metropolis (2065438+June 2007): The third stage is divided into two versions, named Byzantium.
Stage 4, Quiet (time to be determined): This version will use the long-awaited Proof of Possession (POS), which will use Casper consensus algorithm.
All these updates will help Ethereum achieve a larger scale, which also means faster transaction speed and lower cost. We can see that the Ethereum team has done a very good job in transaction development.
The goal of metropolis is to realize a lighter, faster and safer version of Ethereum, which will also provide greater flexibility for smart contract developers.
Metropolis will be divided into two core versions: Byzantium and Constantinople. The first Byzantine hard bifurcation occurred in June 5438+10, and the second hard bifurcation in Constantinople has not yet been determined, but it is expected to be in 20 18.
Each stage includes a series of suggestions for the improvement of EIP. Byzantine * * * has nine EIPs to improve the privacy, scalability and security of the network. These updates will make the Ethereum block faster and the transaction cost lower.
Here are some major updates to Metropolis:
Privacy-implementation
Anonymous transactions (zk SNARK) are easier to compile by developers.
The plan is more predictable.
The cost of gasoline improves the security of wallet
Account abstraction improves the difficulty of mining.
privacy
In the metropolis version, developers will get a new privacy tool-effectively verifying ZK snarks' ability on the chain. ZK snarks is a "non-interactive zero-knowledge proof"
In short, zero-knowledge proof is a kind of evidence that can prove the truth of a statement and will not reveal more information than the proof needs.
This is a simple example. I need to prove to John that I know the password of the mobile phone. To prove this, all I need to do is unlock my mobile phone, instead of revealing my password.
Zero-knowledge proof means that when the verifier (I) convinces the verifier (John), they can prove that they have mastered some knowledge without revealing the real knowledge. In this example, I can enter the password in my mobile phone and display that my mobile phone is unlocked, without displaying any password I entered.
So how will this affect the development of Ethereum? Some connection variables can be private. We store this information at the user's place, not in the blockchain. Information such as sender, receiver, amount and data can be hidden in the transaction.
In addition to zksnarks (for zcash), Ethereum will also use ring signature (for monero's privacy scheme). Ethereum will take advantage of these two advantages.
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