Socrates and his student Plato, as well as Plato's student Aristotle, are known as the "three sages of ancient Greece" and are generally regarded as the founders of western philosophy by later generations.
As a citizen of Athens, it is recorded that Socrates was finally sentenced to death by the Athens court on charges of insulting the Athenian god, introducing neo-theism and corrupting the thoughts of the Athenian youth. Although Socrates had a chance to escape, he still chose to drink the poisonous hibiscus juice and die, because he thought that escape would only further weaken the authority of Athenian law.
Extended data:
Socrates' main point is:
1, do you mind?
Starting from the wise, ancient Greek philosophy turned from paying attention to nature itself to paying attention to social ethics and people. But they only stay in the perceptual stage and can only draw relativistic conclusions. It was not until Socrates that this situation was fundamentally changed. Socrates called for a "turn of thought" to turn philosophy from studying nature to studying self, which is often said later to bring philosophy back from heaven to earth.
2. Soul
Socrates' theory of soul further clarifies the difference between spirit and matter. Philosophers before Socrates have long said that the soul is immortal, and the opposition between idealism and materialism has sprouted. However, philosophers before him still had vague views on the soul, and some even regarded the soul as the finest substance, so the boundary between idealism and materialism was not clear.
3. Authenticity
Aristotle believes that Socrates gave up the study of nature, wanted to seek universal truth on ethical issues, and began to seek a definition for things. He opposed the relativism of wise men and thought that there could be various opinions, but there was only one truth. "Viewpoint" can change with everyone and other conditions, but "truth" is eternal.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Socrates