First, solve the problem:
1, condoms: rules, all kinds of ideas, laws, systems and life circles that restrict people's thinking and actions, what people should do, and what reactionary laws and regulations of tsarist Russia should not do.
2, the world's four short stories: beauty? Mark? between the two
English? Oh? Henry
Law? Maupassant
Huh? Chekhov
Second, introduce background information:
1, about the author: Anton? Pavlovic? Chekhov (1860 ~ 1904) was a Russian critical realist writer at the end of 19. He was born into a freeman family redeemed by serfs. After graduating from high school, I was admitted to the Medical College of Moscow University. 65438-0880, started literary creation activities during college. After graduation, he wrote while practicing medicine. Chekhov is an outstanding short story writer and dramatist. He lived only 44 years in his life, but in 25 years of creative activities, he wrote 700 short stories and novellas, as well as more than a dozen one-act plays and novels. His works draw on a wide range of materials, and give a very true and profound description of landlords, officials, bourgeoisie, ordinary citizens, intellectuals, workers and peasants. His thoughts and creations developed with the political struggle at that time. His artistic feature lies in his concise technique and humorous style, which reflects major social problems from ordinary daily life events. His masterpieces include the novella The Sixth Ward and the short story The Death of a Small Civil Servant.
Chameleon, Fanka, A House with an Attic, A Man in a Condom, cherry orchard, etc.
2. Writing background: Chekhov's novel was published in 1898. It reflects the social life of Russia in the late19th century through the literary image of Don Rykov. /kloc-at the end of 0/9th century, Russia was the eve of the proletarian revolution, the workers' movement was gradually unfolding, Marxism had spread all over the country, working-class political parties were forming, and a revolutionary storm was coming. In the face of the rising revolutionary movement, the czar government tried its best to strengthen reactionary rule and suppress the people crazily, creating a gloomy and depressing atmosphere throughout the country. This absolutism deprives people of their freedom, and there are eyes and ears everywhere. If there is a slight deviation, they will be mercilessly persecuted. However, in that era, democracy and freedom increasingly became people's universal demands. The loyal defenders of the czar's government also tried their best to safeguard the reactionary rule of the czar. They stick to the old position and hate and oppose all new things. Such people not only appear in officialdom, but also in intellectual circles. Don't Rykov is a typical example of the czar's guards.
This text is an excerpt from the main part of the original novel. The original work begins with burgin, a middle school teacher, and Ivan, a veterinarian. Ivanic went hunting and spent the night outside the village because of something delayed. Burgin told this story about Rykov to his partner. At the end of the original work, there is a comment by Ivan.
Bie Rykov is a famous typical image in the history of world literature, and has become synonymous with conservatism, reactiveness, strangling new ideas and blocking the revolutionary trend.
The image of Bie Rykov was created by the writer according to Dihanov, a primary school teacher and inspector in his hometown of Tayulog. Chekhov made a long-term, in-depth and meticulous observation of intellectuals under the dark czar's autocratic system, concentrated on the ideological character and habits of "Dihanov" intellectuals for artistic generalization, and used exaggerated artistic techniques to shape the typical image of Bie Rykov, which is rare in the history of world literature.
After class, you can look at the original "The Man in the Condom" or Chekhov's "The Sixth Ward" to further understand the social situation in Russia at that time.
Second, read through the full text, perceive the work as a whole, and master the story.
1, the screenwriter spent nearly two-thirds of the space to write "Farewell to Rykov's Marriage", listing the plot outline:
The first part is the characteristics of Rykov.
The second part don't Rykov's marriage.
Did Rykov decide to get married?
Comic book incident and bicycle incident (development)
Don't Rykov's frustration (climax)
Don't die in Rykov (ending)
Rykov's funeral (end)
Beginning (from "but" to "just hate him"): get to know Warren Card.
Development (from "now" to "home"): comics, cycling activities
Climax (from "the next day" to "hahaha"): arguing with Ke Varenko.
Ending (from "this sound" to "never getting up again"): Love finally failed.
2. Read the second part of the text in groups and roles.
3. Does Rykov's marriage, at first glance, seem to be not closely related to the last article? What is the beauty of this story?
It is of great significance for the writer to describe and discuss the protagonist before his marriage, so as to reveal the ugly nature of Bie Rykov and highlight and deepen the theme of his works. Even the obligations and responsibilities of "getting married" and "not wanting Rykov" can't be assumed! "Even the courage to' propose' and' allow marriage' is gone! In Rykov's exhausted mind, even the idea of "getting married" can't be generated! As for true love, Rykov can't understand it. Just the idea of getting married killed him. -This strongly highlights the personality of Bie Rykov. Here, it is meaningful for the writer to bid farewell to Rykov's marriage without mentioning his love. "Don't Rykov" and "True Love is Impossible", from which we can also see how deeply and meticulously Chekhov observed social life and how accurately and truly portrayed the characters.
It can be seen that Bi Rykov is a patient. To sort out the medical records of Bie Rykov, including symptoms, causes, sources and diseases.
Symptoms; Six gods are uneasy, flustered, listless, pale, depressed, sighing and afraid of trouble.
Etiology; The excitement and fear of real life; Timid and hate reality, hate new things.
The source of the disease: the autocratic system of the tsar; Slavery psychology.
Illness: I ruled others and killed myself.
5, don't Rykov's main cause of death:
Condoms are too heavy to return to real life.
(2), ke Varenko blatant, no scruples, he can't stop. In the face of "the ritual collapses and the music is bad", he is saddened. He was depressed, afraid of new forces, and died in anger.
6. Don't let Rykov die, but why did life return to its original form after a week? What is the meaning of the last sentence of the text?
Clear: As long as the czar's autocratic system is not overthrown, a new Rykov will be constantly bred in this soil, so life remains the same and the works are inspiring. If the czar's autocratic rule is not overthrown and decadent ideas are not eradicated, there will always be people like Rykov, and life will not be free and happy. The decadent and reactionary rule of the tsar must be fundamentally overthrown.
Third, grasp the theme.
"The man in the condom" refers to a person who has a certain frame in life and thought and dare not cross the line. By portraying the literary image of Bie Rykov, the novel mercilessly criticizes the slave character of ruthlessness, timidity, fear of change and conscious maintenance of the old system, and reveals the dying struggle before the collapse of the czar's autocratic system.
Is Rykov a typical of an era, a typical personality, and his name is often synonymous with all people who are afraid of new things?
Second lesson
First, discuss in class and appreciate the image of Rykov.
(1) Rykov is a typical "trap". What trap does he have?
Life covers: dress, living habits. Lose subjective consciousness,
Lose one's mind
Ideological condom: the government forbids it, and he unconditionally supports it; He is unhappy with anything that violates the law, is unconventional and irregular. Let him go bad and become a running dog.
(2) is Rykov's mantra "don't make any trouble"? What troubles in real life make him panic?
The teacher went to church to pray late; Students are restless and noisy in the classroom; Middle school teachers and ladies ride bicycles; The teacher went out in an embroidered shirt and walked down the street with a book.
(3) Rykov doesn't deal with trouble?
He took the czar's ban as a criterion for judging right and wrong. He advocates sanctions against restless students. He interfered in the private affairs of Dick Varenko and Valenka. He snitched. He ruled the whole middle school for fifteen years, even the whole city.
(4) Why didn't Rykov put himself in a condom?
Real life stimulates him and scares him, which always makes him fidgety. He hid in a condom to escape from reality.
(5) Don't be afraid of Rykov all day. What is he afraid of? Why is the whole city afraid of this timid and fragile person? Why can he rule the whole city? Isn't Rykov the headmaster and an official of the czar's government? How can you have such great power?
He is afraid of new things in life, social changes and the shake of the old order. It seems that he himself is a victim of the tsarist system and has become a deformed man and a poor creature, afraid to go straight into the condom. He consciously defended the old system and old ideas, and people around him didn't have the courage to fight him, so they were all afraid of him and ruled by him. He not only wants to put himself in a condom, but also wants to put everything around him in a condom. The author writes his appearance, words and deeds in an ironic way, which reminds people of the shackles and suffocating dreary air put on people by czar rule. On the surface, these two fears are contradictory, but as long as we combine the situation at that time, we will also find that the overall root cause is the autocratic system of the tsar. On the one hand, the czar rule of Rykov tried to strengthen the reactionary rule and created a heavy and depressing atmosphere throughout the country; On the other hand, it is on the verge of extinction and teetering, and the storm of revolution has not yet arrived. Most people are still confused and afraid to fight, so Rykov can rule the whole city. So in essence, he is not just a person, he represents "people like Rykov" and represents the spiritual shackles of reactionary rule.
(6) The purpose of the "matchmaking" between the headmaster's wife, colleagues and colleagues' wives is not to care, but to find some seasoning for this boring life.
Root cause: loss of personality and dignity for self-interest and self-protection. Spiritual servility prevents little people from becoming real people: the autocratic rule of the tsar and the servility of the people themselves.
Summary: Summarize the image of Rykov.
Is Rykov a typical "trap"? His "condom" is all the stereotypes of Russian society under the czar. He put himself in a condom and didn't dare to cross the line in anything illegal. Moreover, he thinks he has the responsibility to restrain others with condoms, "don't get into trouble."
1. Is Rykov's "trap man" the product of the czar's autocratic rule?
The social environment described in the novel represents two historical trends: absolutism and democracy and freedom. In the face of the new trend of democracy and freedom, absolutism is more reactionary. Rykov is ruled by absolutism, which hinders the development of democracy and freedom.
2. Is Rykov the social foundation of czar's autocratic rule?
Many people are ruled by absolutism, and they are disgusted, but they dare to be angry and dare not speak. No, Rykov is obviously different from these people. He took everything in the czar's government for granted, and took the czar's decrees as the standard to evaluate right and wrong. He also pretends that he is an educator, and he is generous, afraid that others will have problems, and thinks that he has the responsibility to give advice to others. In this way, he ruled the whole middle school and even the whole city for fifteen years. Trapping people like Don Rykov is a social phenomenon. They are the social foundation of the czar's autocratic rule, and they actually act as lackeys of the czar's autocratic rule.
3. Is Rykov both an awesome figure and a fragile wretch?
"Our teachers are all afraid of him", "The whole city has lived in fear for ten to fifteen years and is afraid of everything". He is a fox and a tiger, ruling the whole middle school and the whole city. But he is too weak. Although he hid everything in a condom and thought he was "always a gentleman in every way", he was still in a state of fear and trembling. A cartoon made him extremely embarrassed. He is vulnerable to new figures like Dick Varenko. More dramatically, he died in the laughter of his lover. He lost all the fun of life and became a living zombie. Through the image of Don Rykov, the author shows the world that the social foundation of czar's autocratic rule is extremely decadent. If you are afraid of him, he can rule you. If you are not afraid of him, he will understand at the touch.
4. Don't Rykov is a completely caricatured symbolic image, and it is also an artistic image with flesh and blood.
The writer described Bobby Rykov as a monster. "Even on sunny days, he wears rain boots, an umbrella and warm cotton-padded clothes." "His bedroom is very small, like a box." Even he sleeps with a condom. Of course, there can be no such freak in real life. The author completely satirizes Bobby Rykov and shows how ridiculous his condom is. He only obeys the will of the tsar and has no opinion.
Is Rykov another real person? He fell in love and almost got married. He also has self-esteem, and was scolded by Ke Varenko, flustered; Laughed at by Hualien Card, died of shame. He has his thoughts and feelings, his personality and temperament, his life logic, and is an artistic image of flesh and blood.
Second, the times are progressing and the situation is changing. Can the shackles of people like Rykov rule the whole city forever? No one gets rid of condoms and strives for a new life? Who are they?
Narrow-minded, Ke Varenko.
1. What does a "narrow-minded ghost" cartoon mean? Why did "narrow-minded ghost" draw this cartoon?
This cartoon helps to reveal the theme. Please pay attention to the photos of Don Rykov and Ke Varenko's sister, Hua Lianka, walking down the street arm in arm. Free love is normal. But then "freedom" was bound. In Rykov's view, this is against the "rules" and "decency". This cartoon strongly mocked the thought and life of the trap. The more embarrassed Rykov is about this, the more he tells us that the so-called "love" can't succeed, and the stereotyped thinking and life will be eliminated.
2. The whole city is afraid of Rykov for fifteen years. Why is Ke Varenko not afraid of him? This question is very interesting, please think about it. Student A: Because the author's Ke Varenko is a "new teacher of historical geography", it implies that he has brought new ideas. And more than one person is not afraid of him, and the narrow-minded ghost, Ke Varenko's sister and some students and teachers who dare to break the old rules and regulations. This shows that the cool breeze of new ideas has blown all over this dull and suffocating town, and the ideological shackles will be liberated one day.
3. What are the roles of the Varenko brothers and sisters in the text? What are their personalities?
(1) Ke Varenko and Hua Lianka appear as negative images of Rykov. They represent the progressive forces of democracy and freedom, people with normal human feelings and people who dare to fight the "trap". The conflict between Dick Varenko and Don Rykov not only vividly shows the incompatibility of the two characters and the struggle between the old and new ideas they represent, but also vividly exposes the hypocrisy, decay and reaction of Don Rykov's thought of "trapping people" and expresses the author's position of lashing ugly old things and supporting the positive and progressive forces in life.
On the one hand, Hua Lianka's laughter is a mockery of the "trapped" by normal people, and on the other hand, it symbolizes the victory of the progressive forces pursuing free life over the reactionary forces strangling life.
Third, analyze the characteristics of the article.
(A) the characteristics of language
Chekhov is a master of humor and satire, and The Man in the Condom shows superb art of humor and satire.
1. Use exaggerated and distorted cartoon techniques to create humorous and ironic effects.
When describing the man's appearance in the trap, he exaggerates greatly, especially "even if it is sunny, you should wear rain boots, umbrella and warm cotton-padded clothes", and cover your face with an upright collar and "cover your ears with cotton". You see, it's crazy, ridiculous and ridiculous. This is an exaggerated deformation of art, but it conforms to the essential characteristics of the trap, so it has a spicy irony effect.
The novel writes a cartoon drawn by a narrow-minded ghost, "Don't Rykov walk with an umbrella, rain boots and trousers rolled up, holding a lotus card in his arms", which makes the image of Don't Rykov even more ridiculous.
In addition, writing about his panic while sleeping and writing that he rolled downstairs safely are exaggerated and humorous, but a few loud "hahaha" ended everything.
2. Absurd remarks and serious tone constitute a strong irony.
For example, did Rykov seriously say to He Varenko that this judgment was absurd and so was his reasoning, but in Rykov's view, this was taken for granted, and out of kindness, he claimed to be "advice". The absurd remarks and serious tone form a strong contrast, which strengthens the irony and makes people laugh.
3. Connect the people in the trap with the new characters to produce humorous and ironic effects.
Dick Varenko and Hua Lianka are both very fashionable. Humor and satire will reach a climax when the people in the trap are associated with them. Don't fall in love with Rykov and Hua Lianka. It's a miracle that two completely mismatched people come together. Riding in high spirits here, but his face turned from green to white there; The sincere advice here is ridiculous, but I didn't understand it. I sternly reprimanded and pushed Don Rykov down the stairs. I looked embarrassed here and laughed there. All these make up a wonderful cartoon.
(2) Portrait description: hardly, because I want to write about a kind of people, not individuals, but groups.
Fourth, the practical significance of the novel: No matter what era and society, there are different forms of "condoms" and "people trapped inside". Because of the development of the times and the progress of society, there will always be reforms, and then there will be people who oppose them. These people are not only reactionary rulers of the old order who extremely protect their own interests, hate social progress and move against the historical trend, but also small people who stick to the rules and stick to the rules. They are not British, ignorant of new things and even full of fear. They mainly resist social change in thought and action. I can find many such people and things in the process of reform and opening up. The biggest obstacle to reform and opening up is the existing "condom".