Wang Zhengqi (Etruscan king of Rome from 753 BC to 509 BC):
Implement a non-hereditary monarchy
Rome's governing body consists of the king (Rex Lux) and Yuan Yuan Cuja (the highest authority of the former Roman king). The king reigns for life, and the yuan reigns by turns. Yuan Yuanyuan nominated Kuya to vote for a new king, who has the right to military and religious affairs for life.
During the reign of the king, the succession of the king began to be hereditary, and the status of the Yuan court began to decline. The king has become an autocratic ruler. The tyrant ruled the Yuan Dynasty completely under the control of the monarch, which led to the intense oppression of nobles and civilians. In 509 BC, the Roman king ruled on behalf of King Tacven, and the Romans expelled the Romans. They decided that the king needed to be changed into a * * * regime and Rome should be established.
Rome * * * (509-27 BC):
When the Roman people overthrew the king, they chose to change the political system from the king. * * * Rome banned the form of the king's regime and established two consuls with equal powers as the representatives of Rome's supreme power. * * * Follow the power of the king and enjoy the power to command the army, explain the implementation of the law and preside over religion. * * * The two consuls have the same power as the executive to prevent autocratic dictators, and they have the nature of agreement. They have veto power. Whenever there is a crisis, the two consuls negotiate or decide to become dictators by drawing lots.
At the end of last century BC, the * * * regime had been in operation for 500 years, and there were many internal contradictions and the family was in turmoil.
In 82 BC, Sura forced citizens to elect a dictator for life, which initiated a military dictatorship.
Everyone knows everything.
Crassus and Caesar of Pompeii secretly formed an alliance to control imperial academy. Historically, the first three alliances will all die in crassus, and Caesar will kill the monopoly power of Pompeii. During the appointment of Imperial College, dictators, consuls, tribunes, bailiffs, customs officials and priests will wait for Rome. * * * The system has undergone a qualitative change, and the authoritarian system has sprouted. Caesar found a hotbed of nourishment. Caesar is developing into an autocratic monarch with various rights.
In 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by extreme terror.
The History of the Alliance between Wuwei and Anthony Rabida said that the three alliances were left to Yan Yan and his Roman citizens in various provinces, which angered the Yuan court and citizens to deprive Anthony of his power, announced that his ancestral hatred deprived Rabida of his military power, and Caesar's nephew raised Wuwei and killed Caesar's Anthony and his family.
In 27 AD, Gong Wei accepted the honorific title of Augustus, head of state, chief citizen of the Yuan Dynasty, and emperor.
Rome completely buried the old system and followed the imperial system.
Roman emperor:
The political system created by Wuwei is known as the head of state system in history. Because the Roman people * * * did not publicly claim that the imperial system still maintained the name of * * *, the actual god system was actually named after Wuwei's lofty status, so he appointed himself to inherit and died, and Tiberius succeeded to the throne and created the system of succession to the throne.
Explain first.
Compared with the ancient eastern monarchists, the Roman emperor had no fixed system of succession to the throne, and the monarchy held supreme sovereignty. Many emperors want to talk about succession to the throne. Due to the influence of the * * * tradition, the head of state should be elected by the Yuan Dynasty, and there is no theoretical basis for the succession to the throne. The theory of compulsory right election is centralized, but it is not fragile. The system of succession to the throne gradually changed from the defender of the emperor to the manipulator of the emperor.
The principle of Roman emperor's succession to the throne, the principle of election, the principle of election, and the principle of selecting officials in the period of * * * The important theory of the emperor's head of state property is based on the fact that the Roman emperor established a historical basic system of 500 * * *, which is bound to be influenced by the tradition of * * *. Although Augustus founded the head of state system, the essence of absolute monarchy obviously followed the principle of property election of the old head of state, and the significance of the head of state itself limited the establishment of the hereditary theory of the head of state.
Roman heads of state, like eastern monarchs, were endowed with various powers. The power of privatization belongs to the throne of a hot power and is transferred to the power of inheriting the Roman emperor. The power of entrustment is entrusted to the theory, the mission of Roman citizens' election or recognition. The power granted to a specific person ends with the end of life, that is, the supreme power of the emperor is transferred to another representative of the Roman emperor family. Then another representative said that there was a problem of inheritance between Roman emperors. Yuan took over as a consul. Position substitution theory and imperial power come down in one continuous line. Although it is a common practice to change generations, the Roman emperor did not inherit his father's hereditary rights, and explicitly authorized him to succeed in his father's footsteps and ascend to the throne.
After the Roman Civil War, the Senate finally defeated Anthony. The Roman world only dominated the reality of the house and the political, military and religious rights. The Yuan Dynasty preserved and rebuilt the original democratic system, and the concept of * * * was deeply rooted. Augustus founded the head of state system, which was essentially centralized. Dictatorship and centralization itself stood up, not to mention symbolizing the necessity of hereditary head of state. Rome's traditional conflict management theory made Augustus abolish the centralization of Caesar in the Yuan Dynasty, and finally the tragedy of assassinating Caesar made Augustus understand the traditional Roman position. Augustus restored peace in Rome and rebuilt its institutions. First of all, he took subtle and gradual measures to strengthen centralization and tried to follow the monarchy established by the position of head of state, which seemed to be subordinate to law, supreme authority and traditional spirit. The coat says that the head of state system is the first civil right of the emperor's head of state. The current theory is that the head of state is hereditary from Yuan Academy, which is in line with democracy. * * * Spiritual power gathers selfish desires. With the Fuehrer, he hoped that the throne would be left to him to be complacent. Augustus tried his best to find the right of succession to the throne from within the family. Hereditary and * * * elections are contradictory. The situation is that there are defects in the system of succession to the throne, and the certainty of succession to the throne makes the transfer of the throne confusing and complicated.
The election of the Roman throne in the Yuan Dynasty was not limited by the scope of inheritance. The family of the eastern throne follows two principles: the father died and the imperial house was established. When the emperor died, he first chose his members. The emperor inherited without wisdom. Canon changed the hereditary concept of inheriting the throne, and the law was accepted by the people. According to Roman theory, anyone who is respected and capable is a candidate for the head of state.
Caesar's house gained a high ruling power by relying on the army, which vaguely indicates the power of the emperor, the actual military dictatorship of the army and the title of the emperor. See the emperor, the former commander-in-chief and marshal of the Latin Army.
Due to the lack of specific system of Roman emperor's succession, the situation of military intervention became complicated and changeable, and the principle of succession to the throne was chaotic.
According to the information searched by Wikipedia in my library, I want to sort out the succession of the throne from Augustus' establishment of the monarchy to the division of the eastern and western Roman emperors.
Julia Claudius dynasty:
The early Roman emperors almost summarized the system of upbringing and inheritance.
It is very popular in Rome to adopt and inherit the secrets of ancient Rome. It is necessary to sever the original family relationship and adopt a child, such as engagement adoption, strengthening family ties, political alliance, adopting children and the same family. Almost all the Roman nobles will adopt children and pass them on to their families.
A direct blood relationship was established between the emperors. The blood relationship between Wuwei and Tiberius, the successor, identified the same dynasty as in-laws and adoption, similar to the concepts of family identification and surname.
Live in a house, inherit the throne and raise Tiberius.
Tiberius continued to raise divine joy.
4 1 The guards assassinated Shenle, and Claudius ascended the throne.
In 54 AD, Claudius raised Nero and ascended the throne. Nero was a famous tyrant in Roman history. He was cruel and cruel.
In 68 AD, the Spanish local army Garba rebelled and became independent. The court immediately admitted that Garba declared Nero as the ancestral enemy and sentenced him to death. The Julia Claudius dynasty ended the struggle for the throne of four emperors.
There were four emperors at one time:
Garba proclaimed himself emperor. Because of his weak control, every leader supported his army with self-respect.
In 69 1 AD, Vitus, the governor of Helmand Province, proclaimed himself emperor together with Oso, who was killed by Oso in Garba.
In March, Vitri's Uzbekistan vies with Oso for the throne, and Oso committed suicide after being defeated.
In July, the Jewish rebellion was put down and Wei Pami proclaimed himself emperor.
10 In June, Wipami defeated Vitri Uss to end the battle for the throne.
Flavi dynasty:
In 79 AD, Wei Pa died and Titus ascended the throne.
Titus Flavius Domitianus, brother of Titus, ascended the throne in 8 1 year.
In 96 AD, Titus Flavius Domitianus died in a court coup, and the Flavian dynasty ended.
Antoine dynasty (five emperors):
After Titus Flavius Domitianus's death, Yuan Palace elected the former consul Marcus Cocceius nerva Dion to participate in the coup.
In 98 AD, Marcus Cocceius nerva pushed Trajan to the throne.
1 17 Trajan raised Hadrian and acceded to the throne. Hadrian's head of state ordered him to give up the monarchy.
Hadrian pushed Antoine to the throne.
A.D. 16 1 Antoine was ruled by the second emperor in Roman history, who was inherited by two adoptive parents, Verus Kyle Oro.
AD 169 Emperor Verus restored the emperor's situation.
In 180, Kyle Oro died of illness and the Antoine dynasty ended.
The transmission of the throne between different periods was smooth, and the political clarity of the Roman emperor was very strong.
Emperor qi:
Mark Oro died and Commodus succeeded to the throne.
Roland Nast, a municipal official of Kang Maud's Death Guard, helped Roland Nast ascend to the throne. Puppet wants to clean up military discipline. Horse guards killed Roland NASS, and Death Guards announced the auction of the throne.
After competition and bargaining, Julie Annous's guards were satisfied with the price of the throne. Julie Annous had no followers, and the puppet was ignored by the federal army.
Syrian Governor nazir took the lead in establishing himself, and then Governor Severus of Pannonia fought back and went to the Yuan Court in Rome to announce that Emperor Severus had executed Julie Annous.
Seville dynasty
Severus died, caracalla Gaeta succeeded, and caracalla killed Gaeta.
In 2 17 AD, caracalla recruited guards to kill them, and then Marcus, the guards, became emperor, and Dia Dumini Ann ruled the emperor.
In AD 2 18, Severus' wife and sister instigated a rebellion, and Mark Linus DiaDumini killed his grandson elgar Balusti, who was only 13 years old.
In 222 AD, Misha killed another grandson, Alexandra Severus, 14 years old, because Elbaga Luz restrained her fornication.
In 235 AD, Alexandra Severus killed the Seville dynasty, and the army rebellion ended.
The crisis of the third century
Alexandra Severus' dead army founded Maximinus Trast.
In 238 AD, Trax Yuan secretly instructed the Guards to kill people, and then Tong Yuanyuan pushed all four emperors to kill them, and later became the puppet of the Guards at the age of Golding III 13.
In 244 AD, the army elected Philip Arabia to the throne.
In 249 AD, Philip Arabia rebelled and led Dixieus to kill him.
Theseus and the gothic war.
In 253 AD, Gallus was executed by soldier Valerian Ganenus.
In 259 AD, the Rhine River led the Persian Dumas to stand on its own feet.
In 269 AD, slave and peasant uprising broke out in Gaul, and the uprising of Bagham Movement lasted for 286 years.
Emperor Elijah
Ganos reformed the army and killed Claudius II.
In 270 AD, Claudius II died of the plague, Aureliano ascended the throne, and the Roman emperor was renamed as the world resuscitator.
In 275 AD, Aureliano recruited Yilan Char to kill Yuan Yuan and elected Emperor Yuan Yuan of Tahitis as emperor.
Tahitis killed the army, Tibesti.
In 282 AD, Propos killed carus and acceded to the throne.
In 283 AD, carus's younger brother Kanus died suddenly and succeeded to the throne.
In 284 AD, Dai Kexian, an official of the Guards, rebelled and defeated the ruler of Emperor Kanus.
Four emperors ruled by * * *
Dyke proclaimed himself emperor first, and changed the head of state system into an imperial system.
Dyke first chose a new title Dominus et deus, his title was removed from the fake title, and he set up a high monarch himself.
Dai Kexian practiced four emperors * * * to govern things, and had two titles of emperors. The high authority of Caesar, the sub-title of Augustus, belonged to Dai Kexian, and it was stipulated that the post of Deputy Post and son-in-law 20 must give way to Tantius, the strategist of Caesar, Augustus Maxim, the deputy eastern Augustus.
In 305 AD, Dyke abdicated with Maxim at the age of 20.
Constantine II's throne ranks second only to Constantine II's throne.
3 12 defeated Maxistius in the west.
In 3 1 1 AD, Dong Jiale uz ascended the throne, and Li Xiniu was in the east.
In 3 14 AD, the conflict between Signius and Constantine broke out, and no one won or lost.
In 323 AD, Leonius defeated Constantine, the only ruler.
Constantine dynasty
In 337 AD, the Roman emperor Constantine II broke out in a scuffle for the throne. Constantine II, Constantine II and Ma Genan Titus were killed first.
In 353 AD, Constantine II was the only ruler.
36 1 Julian, the cousin of Constantine II, defected, and Constantine II conquered Julian. He died and Julian came to power.
In 363 AD, Julian was killed, and Jupiter's army established Constantine the Great, ending the Valentini-Ann dynasty.
Valentini dynasty
In A.D. 364, Jupiter was poisoned, and Valentine I, an officer of the Nau River, became emperor in the army, and then the Eastern Emperor gave it to his brother Valentine.
In 376 AD, Valentinian I Valentinian II succeeded to the throne.
In 378 AD, Vallans was killed, and the East was ruled by Gracian Dioxi.
In 383 ad, Gracian.
In 392 AD, Valentinian II killed the An dynasty of Valentini, ending the Dioxi dynasty.
Dioxi dynasty
In 394 AD, diogenes II defeated the western usurper Eugenius, the only ruler of Rome.
In 395 AD, the eastern part of Dionysus II was given to Arcadius and the western part of young Honorus.
See the list of Roman emperors for the specific list of emperors.
Western Roman emperor:
Eastern and Western Roman emperors split.
In 409 AD, Arak, the leader of the Visigoths, surrounded Rome for the second time, helped the puppet emperor retreat, and was supported by the eastern Roman emperor Lavaine Honorius to keep the throne.
In 423 AD, Honorius died and Valentinian III ascended the throne.
When Maximus broke out in 454 AD, Petronius Maximus plotted to kill Valentinian III and immediately proclaimed himself emperor.
On April 2, 4556, the leader of Gesek, the king of Vandal, took advantage of the chaos to invade and attack Rome, killing Petronius Maximus.
Now the Eight Western Emperors have the puppet power and mastered the barbarian military leaders.
16 years, in Merzen, Li Xi, Avitus, Mo Qiao 'an and Libius Severus were abolished, and the Emperor Antemuse Libius of Dongdi was killed.
Gambaid is in power, ligsus is in power.
In 475 AD, Orestes came to power, and simply established an emperor Augustus Orus from romulus.
In 476 AD, Oyak rebelled against Orestes, deposed romulus Augustus, and Lyus declared his loyalty to the eastern Roman emperor Zhi Nuo. The emblem of the western Roman emperor was transferred to the eastern Roman emperor, and the western Roman emperor perished.
For a detailed list of emperors, see the Emperor of Western Rome.
Emperor of Eastern Rome (Byzantine Emperor) (330- 1453):
The Roman emperor divided the east and west, and was called the Byzantine emperor because of its capital, Byzantium (Constantinople, now Istanbul).
Constantine changed the inheritance tradition of Roman emperors, established the Constantine dynasty, and began to open a political chapter in the history of Byzantine emperors.
Byzantine emperors had no hereditary system of emperors. Hereditary Byzantium believed that tradition was a violation of the system. The imperial throne was mainly inherited by blood relatives, especially the Byzantine emperor 12 dynasty, 93 emperors, 24 emperors (including Foster), 1 1 emperor. The emperor's brothers, nephews, sisters, parents and grandchildren have the right to inherit the throne, and are even threatened by the situation of succession to the throne.
See the list of Byzantine emperors for the specific list of emperors.
Holy Roman Emperor:
Some barbarian families were established on the ruins of the demise of the western Roman emperor.
In 800 AD, the King of Rank was crowned as "Roman Emperor" by Charlemagne of Caroline Dynasty, and the whole King of Rank was called Charlemagne.
After Charlemagne's death, the title of the Western Roman Emperor has been held by the King of East Michelle, the King of West Michelle and the Emperor Caroline in turn.
In 962 AD, Otto King Otto Rome of East Lancaster was crowned emperor by Pope John XII.
A.D./KOLOC-0//KOLOC-0/57 Emperor's Holy Emperor Title/KOLOC-0/254 Emperor's First Use Title Holy Roman Emperor/KOLOC-0/5/KOLOC-0/2 Emperor Cologne issued an imperial decree, using "German Holy Roman Emperor" as the official name until/KOLOC-0/2.
Although the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire collected the names of tuberculosis families, it gradually evolved into a loose confederacy organization.
The title of the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire as the monarch of the European century was created by Otto I. Although the title of the emperor came from the Pope in essence, the German national emperor seized the Roman emperor by conquering Italy and using it. The so-called elector directly elected the Roman emperor. Not every German emperor marched in Italy and was crowned by the Pope to win honor.
At first, the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire was elected to the throne, and the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire lacked the recognized right of royal succession. Emperors often create various governors to succeed the emperor, which leads to the civil war of the emperor in a state of government. The successor emperor must defeat the prince who supported him by force, or win the support of several princes to maintain the authority of the emperor.
In this case, 1356, Charles IV of Luxembourg dynasty issued the golden seal, and the emperor was actually elected by the emperor. According to the decree issued by Pope urban IV, 1356, the right to elect an emperor belongs to seven princes: Bishop Cologne and Bishop Metz.
The Habsburg family monopolized the throne, and the actual role of the elected emperor almost disappeared. The emperor needs the pope to be crowned again. The Habsburg family held the throne of the Holy Roman Emperor (except 1742- 1745) until 1806 when the Holy Roman Emperor Napoleon banned it.
For a detailed list of emperors, please refer to the list of emperors of the Holy Roman Empire.
In fact, what I want to say is that the * * * system of the early Roman emperors gradually died out, and the monarchy strengthened the expansion and management of the emperors, which required the development of productive forces. Can I get inspiration?
The Roman emperor's head of state system is the same as the naked public monarchy in the East. The absolute monarchy was established by the honorific title granted by the court of the Yuan Dynasty. It decided that the Roman emperor could designate the throne and inherit the legal provisions. The Roman emperor's head of state system inherited a strong military collar and created a broad space for the left and right thrones. The Roman army even controlled the succession of the throne and arbitrarily abolished the emperor Augustus Constantine. History ***59 won the title of emperor, and the emperor changed six on average. The rest died after death. I want to use the well-known cavity.
Rome * * * * * system, people, Senate and consul check and balance each other. The system of civilian politics, aristocratic politics and monarchy is almost perfect. Even if the * * * system is free from the destruction of the monarchy, its original democracy and the puppet of * * * have completed the concept of democracy. All rights and obligations have the obligation to supervise the operation of democracy, sprout autocracy and stifle the cradle. Autocracy is a poisonous weed. There is no regulatory gap. Some dictators are just Caesar's house.