Classification of regional military supervision
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Song and state are equal to government, army and prison. "There is one person who knows the state, one person who judges the state, and the government, army and prison are like countries." The system of establishing government is more respected. "The name of a county is more important than the government." There are two types of government: Beijing government and sub-government. Is Jingfu the capital or the capital? Kaifeng was its capital in the early Song Dynasty, with Tokyo, Henan Province (now Luoyang East, Henan Province) as Xijing, Dazhong Xiangfu for seven years (10 14), Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) as Nanjing, Li Qing for two years (1042), and Daming House (now Daming, Hebei Province) as Beijing. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin 'an Prefecture was called Hangzi (see Sijing in the Northern Song Dynasty and Hangzi in the Southern Song Dynasty).
The government rate is because of the rise of the country, and it was sealed or served as an official when Emperor Duo Leng was not in office. For example, after returning to the German army to save Zhou, he spent three years in Jingdezhen (1006) and was promoted to Songzhou, where the German army was located, as Yingtianfu. Zhao Huan, a Song Taizong, ascended the throne of the rulers and was also the special envoy of our Taining Army. In the sixth year (1 1 16), Zheng He was promoted to Pingyang Prefecture in Jinzhou (now Linfen, Shanxi Province), and in the eighth year, he was promoted to Gongqing Prefecture in Yanzhou, where the Taining Army was located. He was once the king of Xiang, and Li, the longevity king, was the crown prince. In the sixth year of Zhenghe, Shouzhou (now Fengtai, Anhui) was promoted to Shouchun House, and in the first year of Xuanhe (119), Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei) was promoted to Xiangyang House. Zhao Zhen, a native of Song Renzong, was named Qing Gong. In the first year of Xuanhe, he was promoted to Qingzhou (now Qingyang, Gansu) as Qingyang House. Song Yingzong is qi zhou's special envoy for national defense. In six years, he was promoted to Jizhou (now Jinan, Shandong Province) as Jinan Prefecture. Zhao Zhuan, a native of Song Shenzong, is a new secretary of Anzhou. Following the increase of our military ambassador, Zhao Zhuan was the king of Huaiyang County for three years (1080), and Xuzhou (now Xuchang, Henan Province), where Wu Jun was located, was promoted to battalion commander's office. In the first year of Xuanhe, Chen Zhou (now Huaiyang, Henan) was promoted to Huaining House and Anzhou (now Anyang, Hubei). Song Zhezong once appointed Tian Ping as our time and made Yan 'an king. In the fourth year of Yuan You (1089), Yanzhou (now Yan 'an, Shaanxi Province) was promoted to Yan 'an House, and in the first year of Xuanhe, Yunzhou (now Dongping, Shandong Province) where Tian Pingjun was located was promoted to Dongping House. Evonne, a native of Song Huizong, was Duan Wang. In the eighth year of administration, Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong) was promoted to Zhaoqing House. Zhao Heng, a native of Song Qinzong, was crowned king and ruled for three years, and was promoted to Zhongshan House in Dingzhou (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province). Song Gaozong once appointed Jingjiang Army as our time and became Kang Wang. In the first year of Shaoxing (1 13 1), Kangzhou (now Deqing, Guangdong) was promoted to Deqing House. In three years, Guizhou (now Guilin, Guangxi) where Jingjiangjun was located was promoted to Jingjiang Prefecture. Zhao Yue, Song Xiaozong, was born in Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang). In the first year of Qing Dynasty (1 195), he was promoted to Xiuzhou as Jiaxing Prefecture. Taking Gong as the Crown Prince, in the first year (1 190), (now Chongqing, Sichuan) was promoted to Chongqing. In the first year of Qingyuan, Song Ningzong was promoted to Yingde House in Yingzhou (now Yingde, Guangdong) and Jiading House in Jiazhou (now Leshan, Sichuan) two years later. Zhao Yun of Song Lizong succeeded to the throne as the monarch. In the first year of Baoqing (1225), he was promoted to Tongqing County in Chengzhou (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province). Song Duzong succeeded Zhong Jun in the first year of Xianchun (1265) and was promoted to Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Sichuan Province) as Xianchun House.
Because of the same name as the country, the state was promoted to the government. For example, in the first year of Xuanhe, Zhaozhou (now Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province) was promoted to Qingyuan Government. Some of them were promoted by the emperor's residence. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong was stationed in Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In the first year of Shaoxing, he was promoted to Shaoxing Prefecture. Some people rise because of their desire for land. In the fourth year of Jiayou (1059), Bingzhou (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province) was reinstated as Taiyuan House, and Yizhou (now Chengdu City, Sichuan Province) became Chengdu House, that is, because of "Su Haofu" and Zizhou (now Santai County, Sichuan Province), according to the saying of "land and water go hand in hand", it was
According to their political or military status, jurisdiction and level of economic development, governments and countries are divided into governor's government, auxiliary government, male government, lookout government and strict government. The system is in the upper state, with upper, middle and lower levels.
The army is directly under the road, at the same level as the government, and its status is similar to that of the lower government. Others were transferred to Fuzhou, and the county level, that is, the county ruled the army, and the magistrate of a county was also a military envoy. Historically, it was called "the county set the army as the military ambassador" and "the army was reduced to the military ambassador", and this point was pointed out. Such as "Song History? Geography: Kaide House (now Puyang, Henan) was in charge of the German Qing army, the military envoy of qingfeng county; Bao Shunjun, the commander-in-chief of Cangzhou (now southeast of Cangzhou, Hebei Province), is the commander-in-chief of Wudi County (now northwest of Wudi, Shandong Province); Fu in the river (now Yongji West, Shanxi Province) is in charge of Qingcheng Army, that is, Ronghe County (now Ronghe Town, Shanxi Province) is in charge of military envoys.
Set up a supervisor to manage mining and metallurgy, casting money, grazing horses, salt-producing areas, etc. , but also the management of civil affairs. And those who return directly, and Fuzhou army at the same level, status and Zhou Xia. There are also people transferred to Fuzhou, who are at the same level as the county.
In the Song Dynasty, the local administrative regions of China were divided into two levels, namely, Yuanfeng three years in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jingfu four, Fu X, Zhou 242, Jun 37, Jian Si, Xuanhe four, Jingfu four, Fu XXXIV, Zhou 243, Jun 52, and Jiading first year in the Southern Song Dynasty (1208), XX.
The national military supervision is not entirely at the same level. Military supervision is divided into two types: large military supervision and small military supervision. The level is also different, the military supervisor and the state level, the small military supervisor is not, and the county level. Generally speaking, there are many troops and few small ones. The source of small armies is towns, which I will talk about later. The source of large troops is generally the upgrading of small troops, or frontier military needs, and the level should not be too low. However, although the army and the state capital are at the same level, there are not many examples of governing counties. Usually there are castles and villages below. There are two kinds of small armies. One is an independent administrative unit, which belongs to the national capital and directly governs and manages the people. Others are located in state capitals, such as Jiangzhou, where there are ranks, and the military city is in the city. Regardless of the people, it is also a small army.
Prison, designed for economic purposes, is not only at the same level as the state capital, but also has only one, Yunyang prison. There are also many people who belong to the prefecture level at the same level as the county (definitely not to the military supervision), and there are also many people who belong to the county. Small prisons also have the difference of caring about people, similar to the army.
Special circumstances of the government
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The most basic first-level administrative regions are states and prefectures, which can be said to be a special case of states. Let's keep talking about it. When it comes to the state capital, we can't help but talk about the Tang Dynasty, which is closely related. At first, there was no government in this country. It was all states. Even Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was only Yongzhou at the earliest. Later, in order to show its uniqueness, Xijing was built, also called Jingzhao House or Chang 'an House (just because the first county was Chang 'an County). In fact, there is no formal title for Chang 'an Mansion, only Xijing in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the same treatment was given to Taiyuan in Beijing (the land of Longxing, the place where Li Yuan started his army) and Luoyang in Tokyo (Luoyang, located along the Sui and Tang Dynasties). Sir, Chang 'an is called Beijing, while Luoyang and Taiyuan are called Taishou. There is no official word "fu", and the prefect doesn't often buy it, only the prince. Soon, Beijing withdrew and became a state. Tokyo has its own east capital. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, some states began to upgrade for various reasons. For example, Xuanzong fled to Shu, Zhou Shu built Nanjing, then abandoned Beijing and changed it to the capital. Su Zongju changed qi zhou to Fengxiang House (later changed back to qi zhou, and the first sentence of the poem "On Meeting Li Guinian in the River" was "Common in Qi Wangfu"), and so on. They were all set up for temporary political needs. It can be regarded as a special state. From the Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty, there were ten states in China. Not many houses were built in the Song Dynasty, and most of them were promoted to state capitals because they inherited the hidden houses of the emperor of Datong, such as Chongqing Prefecture. But one thing, the state that rises to the government must be a big state, and the rank must also be a frugal state. Therefore, the government can be regarded as a part of the country. The government ruled the country and set up the government on a large scale during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
State special case
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Status is the most common. There is no formal administrative division above the country. But informal administrative divisions have always existed.
In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, more than 800 counties in China were divided into more than 200 states, and the three-level county system in the Eastern Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties was changed to the two-level county system. Excluding all overseas Chinese counties and empty counties, all counties are based on fields, not on household registration. But in this way, it is naturally difficult for the central government to directly control more than 200 administrative units, and there will be regularization of the governor's office. At that time, there were 30 prefectures in China, and they were in charge of all the prefectures. Most doctors, such as Qin, Qin and Yong. , Zhongdu Daofu, such as Shu, Hangzhou, Doudufu, such as Guangxi and Guangzhou. The area under the jurisdiction of each governor is also called "a certain tube", such as "returning to the tube".
Guangguan. The Governor's Office has the posts of Governor, Governor and Sima. The governor is not permanent, and the prince is responsible for it. Yang Guang is the governor of Yangzhou. Take a long history as a long one. Sima is the deputy. There are different drivers, officers, staff and so on. This system was used in the early Tang Dynasty and spread to Qin Qiong, Cheng Zhijie, Wei Chijingde and other places. Have served as viceroy. Tang Gaozong, the waste viceroy mansion. It has also become an actual state-county two-level system. There is a saying in the Tang Dynasty that Emperor Taizong set up ten ambassadors. Divided into ten ways, we can read Li See's Ji Fu's Yuanhe County Records. But this is not a formal administrative division, just a habit. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, Taiping Ji and Yuan Ji were basically told in the order of ten ways. However, this administrative division does not exist. Only our era is truly above the country, which is relatively fixed, that is, the town is for the Tang Dynasty. Our era was first placed in the reign of Emperor Gaozong to prepare for the Western Expedition. Rotary waste. By the time of Wu Zhou, he was in the middle of the two dynasties and gradually became a regular post. The country in charge has also begun to settle down. But it is not common in the whole country. Only where there is a military need. At that time, the four biggest holiday towns were Longxi, Fanyang, Lulong and Weibo (the last three towns were also called Hebei three towns). After the Anshi Rebellion, the war was fought in the mainland, and even in places where there was no war, such as Jiangnan and Sichuan, we also set up festivals and towns to prepare for it (not necessarily in our time, but to observe and practice defense). During the Yuanhe period, Tang Xianzong was divided into 47 towns except Guiji. At this point, the State Secretariat became a subordinate of the Chief Executive of Jie Zhen. At first, Jie Zhen's chief officials were divided into our time, observation, defense and regiment training according to the size of their official positions, all of which had no affiliation and similar functions and powers. Later, our time ambassadors began to award the position of national defense ambassador to the secretariat of their own countries, and they began to feel confused. In short, our ambassador (who is also responsible for internal observation) and the observation ambassador are definitely independent. Anti-group is not necessarily the case. Fixed amount in the state. As a result, the states in the whole country began to be divided into thrifty states (with our envoys or observers), defensive states, Yingzhou states and military states (with only secretariat history), which were used until the Song, Jin, Liao and Xixia Dynasties. For example, in Xuanzhou, the official should be the observer in charge of the announcement and the secretariat of Xuanzhou, which is generally only called Xuanzhou observer. Jie Zhen has two names, one is the name of a drug rehabilitation center, such as Bian Song, Weber and Lu Long. Generally speaking, it is named after a place name, and the other is called a bugle. Such as the navy, Weiyuan Army, Weisheng Army and so on. These are all fixed. Sometimes the name of the festival town is used, and sometimes the bugle number is used. Some uncertain people make mistakes. Only Jiedu Town has a bugle call, but the joint defense group does not. There are no books at hand, or write all the big ones by the way.
In the early Song Dynasty, it inherited the system of Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Countries and set up a festival town. After relieving the military power with a glass of wine, we will vigorously promote civilian officials (especially officials sent by Beijing and North Korea) to manage the place, confiscate the military power, gather elite soldiers from all over the country to camp for the imperial army in the capital, and at the same time drive away the soldiers left in the place as odd jobs. After the festival, observing the training of the defense team and the secretariat gradually became a virtual job. Real power is known to have been seized. However, the number of troops in each state remains the same and increases or decreases from time to time. It has become a national level. The establishment of Dao in the Northern Song Dynasty refers to transshipment envoys, which can be divided into various transshipment envoys and military transshipment envoys. You can know what they do by their official names. But he also has a duty, that is, to supervise and evaluate the governor of the state government. Road officials are not only transport ambassadors (hereinafter referred to as transport ambassadors), but also transport ambassadors (transport ambassadors) and transport judges (transport judges), which can be set at the same time or only one. Appoint officials according to their qualifications. Call them supervisors. The supervision department also includes the promotion of Changping (Changping is short for Changping, which is the price of square meters), the promotion of tea horses, the promotion of tea salt, and even the humble official position (formerly known as Shang, avoiding violating the emperor), all of which are within the broad scope. Anyone who has the responsibility to supervise the governor counts. However, the road can be regarded as a formal administrative division, and the transshipment route in the Northern Song Dynasty and the pacification route in the Southern Song Dynasty are fixed. The difference is that in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were special officials who had no local control, while in the Southern Song Dynasty, there was an Anfu envoy who was in charge of the military and political affairs with the magistrate, who was also stationed in the state capital, with greater power than in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Zhou Xia special case
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After talking about the country, let's talk about the inherent hierarchy of the country. In addition to the division of defense regiments and armies mentioned above, there is also a grading method. The secretariat of the Tang Dynasty has a fixed level, and the secretariat of each state is divided according to this level. The division of this level is like this. In addition to the government, the States in the country are divided into seven levels. The level of the secretariat is also from positive level 4 to negative level 5. Seven grades are, four auxiliary grades, and eight grades (all because of twelve states in Feng Jingen). The outlook, tightness, upper, middle and lower grades are mainly determined by household registration, but other reasons are also considered. This system was used in the Song Dynasty, but it has nothing to do with the well-known official products. The capital of the army prison is in Zhou Xia. These two systems are independent. There are festivals in Zhou Xia. Of course, it is also true that there are few military States in Fuxiong.
This system is also reflected in the county. The county orders are six to eight, and the grades are more detailed: late (Jingzhao in Tang Dynasty and Kaifeng in Song Dynasty): Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, Wannian, Xiangfu in Song Dynasty and Kaifeng. Cichi (county capital): Luoyang County, Henan County. And Chengdu County and Taiyuan County in the Tang Dynasty. Hebei (suburban county of Chixian County): refers to all counties under the jurisdiction of Kaifeng Prefecture in Song Dynasty. Counties: (Suburban counties): All counties in Luoyang, Song and Henan provinces in the Tang Dynasty, and suburban counties in Taiyuan, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Look, tight, up, middle, middle, down, down: by hukou, by prosperity.