Who will explain the political system and rank distribution of ancient Athens?

(1) electoral system. Athens achieved direct democracy, not representative system, which was mainly reflected in the citizens' assembly. All citizens of Athens who have reached the age of 20 should directly participate in the citizens' assembly and elect important public officials of the city-state. Its functions and powers are to elect and examine government officials, amend laws, settle financial revenues and expenditures, decide to declare war and make peace, conclude and terminate covenants and evaluate military achievements. For example, "the election of consuls and ten generals will be held at the citizens' meeting [1]". The citizens' assembly is the highest authority in Athens. It is held two or four times a month, and every citizen has the right to vote in parliament. Pericles said: "As long as a citizen has any merit, he will be promoted to any position. This is a reward for his merits, which is different from privilege. Poverty is no longer an obstacle, and anyone can benefit the country, regardless of his situation. The citizens' assembly elected 500 members of the board of directors, jurors and general administrators by drawing lots.

(2) the judicial system. After Solon's reform, ten jury courts were established in Athens, each with an average of 500 people, who were elected by the citizens' assembly for a term of one year and could not be re-elected. Jurors are male citizens who have reached the age of 30 and decided by lot. As the highest judicial organ, the jury court has the right to accept citizens' "illegal complaints". The case was accepted in court. After the original defendant argued with the defendant, the jury voted in secret and won the case with the largest number of votes. Because the jury's judgment is a first-instance judgment or a final judgment, "any vote of the jury officer should have the highest effect [3]".

(3) supervision system. The monitoring system in Athens is quite developed. The jury court is not only the highest judicial organ, but also the highest supervisory organ, and has the power to approve or veto the 500-member parliament. In addition, citizens can also exercise supervision. In Athens, the election of officials must be strictly supervised by citizens.

(4) administrative system. As a permanent body of the general assembly, the 500-member general assembly is responsible for handling government affairs, preparing proposals for the general assembly and presiding over the general assembly. The administrative officials in Athens are tax-free, unpaid and have a clear division of labor. There are mainly six kinds of judicial consuls, ancestral consuls, king consuls and military consuls, and there are officials at all levels below. But they are produced in different ways. The six judicial consuls and their secretaries were all elected by lot, while the king consul, father consul and military consul each had two assistants, who were elected by themselves. These people's qualifications are examined by the jury court before taking office, and they need to report when they leave office.

The embryonic form of "three powers" appeared.