? learned
? Chapter 3: How to organize thoughts in logical order.
? Chapter four: refining the essence of each group of thoughts?
? Chapter 5: Solving Logical Problems?
First, logic is not a list.
Existential phenomenon:
In our daily life, most of the articles we see in new media are illogical when many people speak, and may be summarized by only one noun. It's all listed. It looks very logical. Nouns such as "ten steps" and "five questions" are arranged together with some irrelevant ideas. There is no logical relationship between these ideas. Remember to learn to change and think further. ?
Correct logic:
Ideas organized in the right way will eventually form a pyramid structure. These ideas are at different levels of the pyramid structure, but they are interrelated and coordinated through a unified theme. The ideas in this pyramid are interrelated in three ways: upward, downward and horizontal. A group of thoughts of the upper class is a summary of this group of thoughts, which is an explanation and support for its upper class thoughts. There is a logical order between ideas in the same group, and the specific order depends on whether the logical relationship between ideas in this group is deductive or inductive.
Second, horizontal reasoning.
There are only two kinds of reasoning methods to establish logic: deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning: major premise, minor premise and conclusion: Deduction is a linear way of reasoning, and the ultimate goal is to draw a conclusion from the logical word "therefore". In the pyramid structure, the next thought in the process of deductive reasoning is a summary of the deductive process, with emphasis on the last step of the deductive reasoning process, that is, the conclusion drawn from the logical word "therefore".
For example, the premise that birds can fly, and the premise that I am a bird determines that I can fly?
Inductive reasoning: it can raise your current thinking to an abstract level. Now I've made three points, which have one thing in common.
For example:? Conclusion: Is Poland about to be attacked by tanks? ,? German tanks arrived at the Polish border, and Russian tanks arrived at the Polish border, with * * * similarity. Their tanks are all acts of war against Poland.
There are three logical sequences in inductive reasoning. They are chronological order, structural order, degree or importance order.
1. time sequence: also called step sequence. Generally, we will use first, second and third to express it.
? ①? We must pay attention to one problem: distinguish what is cause and what is effect. There are two situations:
? A. what is the result of taking action?
? "Doing one thing ahead of another in time" and "Doing one thing to achieve another"
2. Structural order: imagine the order of things with schematic diagrams, maps, pictures and photos.
1. Imagined things must be reasonably divided into different parts and groups, the world we imagine must be divided into seven continents and several oceans, and the company we imagine must be reasonably divided into several departments and groups. This is the structural order.
2.？ When using structural order, there is an important principle "MECE principle", which has two meanings:
①? The parts are independent of each other and there is no overlap. For example, the company is divided into five departments, and each department must be independent of each other and have no overlapping parts.
②? All parts are completely used up and there is no omission. The company is divided into five parts, five departments, the overall composition of the whole company, without any missing parts.
Conclusion; Pay attention to MECE principle, each part is independent of each other without overlapping, and each part is completely exhausted without omission.
3. degree order? There must be some similarity between the problems, and we can put them under a certain category. The difference is that each question has a different degree of similarity, so it should be sorted, which is called degree order.
To sum up the idea:
A basic principle of the golden pyramid principle is that the ideas in the same group must be arranged in a certain logical order, that is, the horizontal thought groups cannot be simply listed.
Third, the lack of ideological generalization.
Thoughtless sentence:
It does not summarize the essence of the next level of thought, but simply explains the category of this group of thoughts. It does not summarize the essence of the following group of ideas at all.
Yuanyuan: Liu Yuanyuan is the most suitable person to write a biography of Ma Yun. ?
I think Liu Yuanyuan is the best person to write a biography of Ma Yun, because they belong to the same kind of people.
From the examples, we can see the difference between "a paragraph is focused on refining" and "a sentence is not focused on refining". If we can summarize in advance, we can reflect the essence of ideological expression.
Fourth, blind generalization will cover up the lack of thinking.
Conclusion: When generalizing, never generalize with that thoughtless sentence.
? For example, our company has two organizational problems, the first and the second? (incorrect summary)
Correct and careful analysis of these two problems is:
(1), are they organizational problems? Probably, otherwise you wouldn't generalize like this.
② Is there a logical relationship between them? If the logical relationship between them is not clear, there will be general problems in summary.
③ Think deeply about what these two problems are all about? (Insufficient authorization, too many organizational levels)
Verb (abbreviation of verb) is a good summary.
1. First of all, we must ensure that this group of ideas is independent of each other.
You must make sure that it is completely exhausted and there are no missing points.
? (1) Deductive reasoning: just take the final conclusion of the thought as a summary.
For example, the major premise: everyone will die, and the minor premise: Socrates is human, and the conclusion is that Socrates will die?
② inductive reasoning:?
For example; ? 1, 2, 3 and 4 points are juxtaposed and summarized according to different properties.
A. Action thinking involves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 7 steps, which will eventually produce a result. Results as a summary of this group of ideas? .
B.this is a descriptive question; (This person is smart, clever, happy and lively) Find out the similarities of ideas and sum them up.
? Example 2. In order to improve the training of the working class, first of all, we should show business owners that the government attaches great importance to the training of workers. Secondly, the trainer should be asked to design a training course. Third, we should put upward pressure on the workers themselves to promote these things.
General route:
? Understand the core content of each sentence before moving on to the next step? What is the real theme of each sentence? What are the similarities between the subjects? What action does each participant need to take? * * * action together? Are all factors that drive action.
Better summary
In order to improve the training of blue-collar workers, we must provide some driving factors to urge all subjects in the training system to support this training.
Six, find out the thought of * * *?
1.？ Conformity with thought is the standard requirement of * * * *:
? These words are aimed at the same kind of theme; For the same kind of predicates: the objects are the same, and they are all for students or parents; With the implicit idea of the same kind, the same kind here does not mean exactly the same, but belongs to the same category or can be expressed by the same noun.
2. how to find it?
Suppose the theme of this passage is the same? Then it is necessary to find * * * on the predicate, that is, on the object or action. What if the objects in this passage are the same? Is it necessary to find * * * between subjects? What if the subject and predicate are different? You have to find out if there is the word * * * in other implied meanings.
3. Summarize the ideological conclusion:
(1) First of all, we must understand the ideological structure of * * *.
(2) Looking for closer ties?
Examples; Divide thinking into five groups, and then sum up a characteristic, thinking is not simplified twice. What are the closer connections and characteristics between them, so as to subdivide them again.
③? Summarize a new idea as the top idea of this group of ideas.
Seven, the process of solving problems
(1) Normal process for solving problems:
1. You have to define this question: Is there a problem? What's the problem?
2. Analyze this problem.
3. Find a solution?
(2) How to define the problem: Define the problem scientifically, and the problem is the difference between the goal and the status quo.
Conclusion: The solution is the path from the present situation to the goal.
This corrected my previous cognitive perspective on the "problem" and gave a standard answer to today's scientific redefinition of the problem, which reminded me of the target completion time of 349 set for running Dongying Marathon on February/Kloc-0 last month, but the current situation achieved through hard work is 354 completion time, which is inconsistent with my goal. The 5-minute gap between the two is the adjustment and summary problem I face in running practice. There is something wrong with the analysis, that is, you usually practice less core strength, or run less this month, or the pace distribution is not good. This is the difference between the goal and the status quo.
Eight. Definition problem
(1) Five steps of applying continuous analysis method:
1, just to be sure, is there a problem? 2. What's the problem?
? 1 and 2, "Is there a problem" and "Where is the problem" are a preface to the pyramid article.
3. Why does this problem exist? 4. What can we do? What should we do?
? 3 to 5, "Why does it exist? What can we do? What should I do? " Is to find the reason and find the solution.
Conclusion: This is the thought, viewpoint, argument and view in the pyramid structure. This is its structure.
(2)? What are the most common framework problems?
First, from the current situation, I don't know how to achieve my goal.
Secondly, I know how to achieve my goal from the present situation, but I'm not sure if my method is correct.
Third, I know the correct method from the status quo to the goal, but I don't know how to implement it.
Fourth, the solution is known from the present situation to the goal, and has been implemented, but it doesn't work for some reason.
Fifth, I have determined several solutions, but I don't know which one to choose to solve the problem.
Sixth, I know the current situation, but I can't describe my goals in detail, so I can't find a solution.
I finally know my goal, but I don't know my present situation.
This framework can cover all problems and help us define what our problems are.
Nine, analyze the problem
The process of structured analysis is as follows:
First of all, draw the complete structure of this field with tangible structure |
1. First of all, what are the possible causes of the problem?
2. Collect some data to prove whether it is these reasons. With a diagnostic framework, after drawing the whole framework, you can look at all the links and find all the possible reasons.
For example, 1: every company or specific field of every industry has a very clear structure, and the diagnosis draws a framework to explore the reasons.
The second is to find out the causal relationship from the structural diagram, who interacts with who, subdivide each element, find out which factors are mainly affected by it, and further determine the composition of each influencing factor.
Example 2: The company failed to invest, earning less money and having a low return on investment. ?
Find a solution
1. To find a solution, there is a method called building a logical tree.
Sequence analysis, there is a sequence in solving problems.
1, is there a problem 2? What's the problem? 3. Why does it exist? 4. What can we do? Fifth, what should be done?
What's the problem? Why does it exist? It can be found by using specific flowcharts and causal structures.
And "what can we do, what should we do" can use the logic tree to find the solution logic.
2. How to draw a logical tree?
? We must follow the principle of mutual independence and complete exhaustion, and systematically and logically subdivide each possibility.
"What's the problem? Why does it exist? " It can be found by using specific flowcharts and causal structures.
And "What can we do? What should we do? " You can use the logic tree to find the solution logic.
Example:? Cutting the company's labor costs, thinking that there are several forks under the departmental structure? List the aspects from which to continue to draw down. Combining all factors-specifically, drawing down-you can draw 1, 2, 3. (Digging deep into the bottom to solve the problem)-Finally, we can fully see the solution to this problem.
? think
1. Lack of ideological generalization (Chapter III)
This phenomenon is often encountered in my work or study. For major festivals in junior high school or senior high school, the principal always lists the theme, "Eight Actions and Four Thoughts". At work, at the annual New Year's Eve party, many leading bosses like to talk like this. The first, second and third words are listed. What is the theme of each group? As a result, everyone was told to sleep or play with their mobile phones. As a result, the meeting ended for a long time, and everyone remembered a few words and threw out all the core ideas. The method of summing up ideas mentioned here is particularly useful in writing or news manuscript practice. We should practice step by step.
2. The logical problems mentioned in the third part, especially the basic principle of the golden pyramid principle, have taught us to organize our thinking in logical order, which has greatly inspired and awakened me. I used to speak and do things with numbers 1, 2, 3. These three aspects, or the reasons for the decline in customer volume this month, have these four aspects. Looking back, I mistakenly thought it was logical and organized, but it turned out to be a simple list problem. Maybe I just used a noun to summarize the core theme. There is no guarantee that the summary of these four reasons really belongs to all the factors of the decline of these data, and there may be other missing factors that should belong to this group of data. Therefore, in a meeting, it will be difficult for friends or colleagues and leaders to grasp the key points when listening to me or reporting on their work. ? It is necessary to urge you to examine yourself according to the logical order mentioned. ?
2. When organizing the same group of thoughts, there are two logics, one is deduction and the other is induction, which can be divided into time order, structure order and degree order. These sequences are summed up very well, which is helpful for my future work or interpersonal communication. Although I have just read them, I don't understand them thoroughly enough. How to practice, etc. , but repeated scrutiny? Draw the skeleton of the structure, practice step by step, and make feedback records-review-summary and so on. Especially in chronological order, I use it most in my daily life.
I just don't know what is cause and what is effect.
For example, I have to write a monthly summary report at the end of each month, and I have to make 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and these outline plans, so that things can be successful. Success is a result, and the processes and steps outlined above are a collection of reasons for this result. And I always reverse the order, regard the result as the cause and divide the cause into the result. Three logical sequences of inductive reasoning. They are chronological order, structural order, degree or importance order. Degree order can be applied to life, friends gathering or outdoor activities, and structural order can be applied to the expansion of company organizational structure or work and study. Therefore, today, we should repeatedly scrutinize the logical order of this part, absorb it into the essence and apply it to life. Use the unplanned pace of life to correct and replace the post-80 s generation. ?
Today, the fourth part talks about how to refine the essence of each group of ideas and how to summarize a group of ideas, that is, how the upper layer of the pyramid summarizes the lower layer. It brings me the feeling of opening my mind and cognition. Although there are many concept words in The Golden Pagoda Principle, it is a bit abstract to understand, but from the overall structure of reading, the problem to be solved is vertical, which opens up my new knowledge and tells us how to summarize the thoughts of each group. Just like reading a book, how to extract the essence of the book, summarize the ideas of each group, classify and compress, and find out the essence of * * * with the same ideas? These are things that need deep thinking, rather than simply listing and so on. Looking at the possibility of this book purely in theory, we don't understand it thoroughly, so we need to borrow the core ideas in the book to practice. Mentioned in the article? Blind generalization will cover up the lack of thinking? . This part can particularly arouse my sense of * * *. I just have this problem when I give a speech or write a summary. Don't think deeply, don't report things, don't write summaries. What are the contents listed in these three points, but I lack thoughtless sentences to summarize and summarize them. Just like reading a book, we have to export and share, and sharing is the most effective learning, that is, teaching others. And this process is the second time to learn the author's ideas in his own summary book and refine the essential knowledge points. It's just that what we use and feel is very similar to how we read the book we finished. It will teach us how to change the ideas and words conveyed by others very clearly, clearly and concretely. In this process, you can look at yourself better, so that in this process, you will find what you missed and some ideas that you didn't think of before. Ensure that the inspection records are insufficient and follow the methods shared here. You will force yourself to think seriously and examine each group of thoughts. Make a little progress every day and gradually ask to see your past one-sided habits.
4. The book "The Golden Pagoda Principle" is really classic, but it is also really brain-burning, which requires us to think while reading. After deep thinking, we will find that it can make us think clearly and solve problems. Instead of simply listing the problems and looking at the surface superficially.
Tomorrow's plan.
1 morning run10km
2. Read "The Original Pyramid" Part V+the missed audio lesson.
3 Practice Simple Time Management Lecture 48-49