Treaties: treaty of nanking, treaty of shimonoseki, Treaty of Xin and Chou.
Treaty of nanking ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain.
Treaty of shimonoseki cut Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands to Japan.
People's Lane in the eastern suburb of Beijing is designated as the embassy boundary in the Xin Chou Treaty, and China people are not allowed to live here.
(3) treaty of nanking gradually reduced China from a feudal society to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
Treaty of shimonoseki has greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China (or the national crisis in China is unprecedented).
The Treaty of Xin and Chou plunged China into the abyss of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
(4) Roots: foreign powers invaded, the Qing government was corrupt and incompetent, and its comprehensive national strength was weak.