Hualin Temple is the oldest in Xiguan Temple in Guangzhou. Its predecessor was Xilai Temple founded by Dharma, also known as Xilaitang. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1505), Zhang Xu, a senior minister of Nanjing Ministry of Industry, wrote a book called Miscellaneous Use in the South China Sea. There is a seven-character quatrain in the book called Xilaitang: "Tin flies from the west, and a hundred birds are in the sky. Just because Shaolin has no formula, I will teach you where to find hooves. " This is one of the earliest poems reflecting Xiguan Temple. In the 12th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1655), Master Zong Fu came to Guangzhou from Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, and carried out a large-scale expansion of Xilai Temple, introducing the Pearl River as the water of merit, and "planting trees around the temple to form a forest" as a tree garden, and building Daxiong Hall, Dharma Hall and Zen Hall. And renamed Xilai Temple Hualin Temple. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Hualin Temple started from Jinsheng Street in the east, adjacent to Yuguifang in the west, Xiajiu Road in the south and changshou road in the north, covering an area of more than 20,000 square meters. Qu Dajun's seven-character poem "Crossing Hualin Temple" says: "Fanghua once looked far for six times, and the sea and sky were visible near Goose Pond. Butterfly cocoon arrived from Xianyue, and Bodhi yarn spread to the Imperial Capital. Light flows through the old country, and the soul is next to the lonely city. Spring grass seems to contain the hatred of the southern Han Dynasty, and Yiyi went to Huatian with the guests. " [1] Wang Chaochen tells the history of Hualin Temple with a poem "You": "I lived in Xihua Forest for a long time in order to spread my mantle in China. You know the Buddha country by the rain flower, and the heart lamp proves Liang Xiao first. " [2]
In ancient Guangzhou, there was a Xichan Temple in the west of the city. "The Unified Record of Daming": "Xichan Temple is in the west of the house. Song Yuxi was in the middle and was built by Zhou. " According to this, most people think that Xichan Temple was built in the third year of Xichun in Song Dynasty (1 176). In fact, as early as the Southern Han Dynasty (907-97 1), there was already a Cipu Temple on Guifeng, which was destroyed by the Song Dynasty. Zhou built Xichan Temple on the basis of Cipu Temple, and the temple on Guifeng has a history of more than 1000 years. In the early Ming Dynasty, the incense in Xichan Temple was the most prosperous. In the 12th year of Hongwu (1379), there were fields and pools in Xichan Temple. With these real estate income, the temple later built the main hall, Ruan Gong Temple and other houses, and specially shaped a bronze statue of the six ancestors for people to worship. Xichan Temple was one of the "Five Jungles" in Guangzhou at that time (Ming Gan Long's "Guangzhou Fu Zhi": "Xichan Guifeng Temple is located in the west of the city, and the stone behind the temple looks like a turtle, hence the name." It can be seen that there should be Xichan Temple first, and then stone turtles were found in the temple, so this mountain is called "Xifeng", and Xichan Temple is also known as "Xichan Guifeng Temple". There is a five-character poem in Nanhai Zayong: "Turtle Peak is also vulture ridge, and this temple is not Shaolin. There are monks who can tell the truth, and there is no Buddha who can't. Send a message to Pu 'an Road, where can I find a sea needle? "The Zen Temple in history was abandoned several times. In the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (1449), the peasant rebels led by Huang Xiaoyang besieged Guangzhou, and Xichan Temple was destroyed. During the Ming Dynasty, Wei Pai, the deputy envoy of Guangdong, was changed to Fang Xianfu Temple, a university student, which was destroyed by war at the end of the Ming Dynasty. In the 15th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1658), Fan Jing generals donated money to repair it. 1924, the then municipal government auctioned at the reserve price of 150 yuan, and the monks were unable to redeem it, thus the Xichan Temple was annihilated. Although Xichan Temple no longer exists, the stone turtles and ancient wells in the original temple are still in the campus of Guangzhou No.4 Middle School. [3]
In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1606), Guangdong Governor Shen built Cidu Pavilion at the old Shunmu Bridge in Wuli, southwest of Guangzhou (now Longevity Street, north of Changshou East Road) to cure diseases for the masses. This is the predecessor of Changshou Temple. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, monks in the mountains expanded it and named it Changshou Temple. In the early days, Qu Dajun had a close relationship with the mountains, and often visited the temple. There was an ancient poem "Crossing Manjuin" in seven words, which described the situation of Changshou Temple in that year: "In Changshou Lane, near the city, the ancient temple faces the White Goose Water. Every family has a floating field, and fish return to the market everywhere. The bell came with Shan Yu, and the Bodhi altar was connected with Yuewangtai. Shimen faces the Red Mansion in the south, and Zhupuxi is connected with the temple. The teacher had nothing to say, and all sides made a glass tongue. One painter is lifeless, and the words are ice and snow. Self-grow flowers, irrigate beautiful springs, and Buddha's nature rises to flower fields. Girls don't need to come and go often, and flowers bloom in winter all year round. The ebb and flow of the forest pond twists and turns, and seagulls come to compete for seats. Boys are interesting, but old people have changed a lot. When Tian Yue is free, Hai Guang is like a staff teacher. Although Zeng Fenbao's mirror is useless, I want to lift the violet temporarily. " [4] There is another song "Looking out from Manjuin": "The door of Zhuhai is bright, and the water between men and women should ring. The wind is blowing and the rain is scattered on both sides. Foreign ships are open, rich rooms are more, Lingmen is open, and strong cities are less. There is no Nanwu on the map and I look forward to Gumuping in Taiwan Province. " [5] In Qu Shizhong, outside Changshou Temple is the endless Pearl River. Farmers are farming in the surrounding vegetable fields, and fishing boats are full of seafood and return to the market. Flowers cultivated in the mountains are planted in the temple and bloom all year round. People help the elderly and bring young people to visit. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the bustling scene of entertainment in Guangzhou jumped from the paper. The poet clearly saw that Guangdong's foreign trade was rich, but at the same time, it also brought the country the worry of being invaded.
On September 24th, the seventh year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (188 1), Changshou Temple was burnt down by fire, and Zhong Zhaolin's narrative poem "The Disaster of Changshou Temple" was recorded in detail. At that time, "the smoke was thick and the sky was red, the main hall was not destroyed as a holy card, and the rest were ashes." [6] After this disaster, there were several halls in Changshou Temple in the past, and there were wide corridors around each hall. The edge of the corridor is a marble railing, which is connected with the tall colonnade. The railing is engraved with the relief of Youlong. [7] The scene of luxury no longer exists. In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), Cen Chunxuan, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, ordered the demolition of Changshou Temple and converted it into a theater, a shop and a water tower.
Sairinji, the original site is in Guangzhou West (now Xilin Lane, Shiyifu Street). About the history of sairinji, I have only seen it in Guangzhou Religious Records edited and published by Guangzhou Religious Records Compilation Committee: "It was built in the Ming Dynasty, and the abbot died in 1963, and the house was managed by the Municipal Buddhist Association." [8] And Qing Xiong Jingxing has "Nine Miscellaneous Poems of Sailin Temple", and a poem says: "A pigeon will turn red and blue in the afternoon when it arrives in an empty court. The rhyme column shows the volume, snoring and reading sound. " "The beginning of the nose view, no end, bright and wonderful. A wisp comes out and turns into a Buddha mulberry flower to smoke. " "Lotus shadow is empty, and Bai Shilian has a fixed light. The night in Yaodian is really abrupt, and Du Lingshi is good at praising public houses. " "Lin Wu has a good poem, and" Tea Melon "clearly points out Muny. Kumarajiva is very affectionate and invited me to join the jade sculptor. " "I'm in my sixties, and the Buddha and the fire should be read lightly. Losing the power of the dragon elephant, the bell fish rings at five o'clock. " "The moon turns to Qingxuan tree full of corridors, and the eaves tiles are covered with frost. After the white lotus leaves are half open, they are fragrant when sitting. " "Close the door today, the rain moss is long, and birds are like stealing fat. I have forgotten the machine, and I can't avoid it. When the guests come, they fly on the branches. " "Iron stem begonia autumn buds, roses wonderful. I came from Huangquan Pen in 2000 and wrote all over Selin Jilihua. " "It's a long story, and Du wrote a new note. Some people boast that laymen have written papers, and there are also smallpox talks. " [9] There is also a poem called "The Wall of Sailingji": "Cuozhai only has poor garden roads, and it is difficult to carve insects every year. I have had a good time in my life, and I can afford the bell after dinner. " [10] Xiong's ten poems on these two topics can supplement the shortcomings of the literature in Sai Lin Ji.
Baozi Temple is located in the west of the city (now the 11th Middle School of Xihua Road in Guangzhou) and was built by Wang Shangkexi of Pingnan in the early Qing Dynasty. In the 19th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1680), hereditary Pingnan kings Shang Zhixin, Anta, Su Zhi and Zhiying were executed by the Qing court for treason and buried in the temple. Father built the tomb of the Buddhist temple, so it is no wonder that later generations have a sigh of "where is Pingnan's present achievement". Ye Tingxun, a poet in A Qing, wrote three poems, namely, the tomb of King Pingnan and Baozi Temple in the west of the city: "The ancient temple is desolate with stone tablets, and the West Garden is a remnant. Where is Pingnan's work today? Weeds are blooming at the tomb door. " "The wasteland is full of sunset, and the old trees are shaded. Since jade is buried in dust, I have no clothes to worship you. " "Cold food listens to the cuckoo every year, and the spring mountain crows off the smoke. Paper, money, wheat and rice have not arrived, and only farmers have to bear it. " [ 1 1]
Zhunti Temple in the west of Guangzhou, also known as Zhunti Temple, was built in Qing Dynasty, and its original site was Xianjia Lane, Dexing Road. Liang, a poet from A Qing, wrote two poems in Zhunti Temple: "I admire the frontier road and travel all over the place, and now I will make a reference. A cloud gives birth to a tree, crossing the west of the bridge at an oblique day. The clock and stove smoked, and the shadow of the building was very low. A monk is at ease, and the patriarchal clan system asks Cao Xi. " "Disturb the world, Zen alone. Love poetry diligently protects the wall, and the net leaves are fine. The crane dreams of getting rid of dust, and the dragon buds are exuviating. I am willing to teach Maitreya, and the wind and rain are greener in Yi Deng. " [12] The poem Zhunti Temple by He Xiudi, a native of the South China Sea, says, "When you pass Zhunti Temple at night, the boat indicates the moon. Go with the flow, brightly lit. Old trees have autumn colors, and the breeze relieves worries. The monk who knocked at the door fell asleep. Where can I hear the bell? " [13] Zhunti Temple has a pavilion, and tourists go to the pavilion to enjoy the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Zhong Zhaolin has a seven-character poem entitled "Looking at the Moon in Zhunti Pavilion on a Mid-Autumn Night": "The solitary crane flies south and the police are cold, and the sky is surrounded by Qiu Guang. Baiyun didn't tell me to go, and Mingyue was in a foreign land with people. I watched Dengfo Pavilion together tonight, opposite the famous scene last year. If you float in the air, you want to be fragrant to Henge "[14]
Second, the characteristics of the temple
The ancient West Temple in Guangzhou, whether it is Hualin Temple with a history of more than 470 years, Xichan Temple established in Song Dynasty, Changshou Temple and Baozi Temple in Qing Dynasty, has its own characteristics.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the west came to put it together. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were often release ceremonies in Xilai Temple. Chen Zisheng (1614 ——1692) once wrote "Release" in Xilai Temple, describing the situation at that time: "When you come to the first place, you will feel at home, and the stone is green and bright. Those who have confidence in the evening get together early. Qi Fei, a bird with wings, comes out of the cage. It's good to have less money, but it's troublesome to have more merits. After the ceremony, the breeze gives birth to a tree in January. " [15] From the release of birds in the late Ming Dynasty to the release of turtles and fish in Hualin Temple in the Qing Dynasty, to the 19th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (18 14), Liang wrote about the release meeting of Hualin Temple in detail. It is reported that there was a living pool in Hualin Temple at that time, the value of each pool was rising, the river was also flowing in, and the business was full. There are fish and turtles in the pool, which were released by virtuous people. [16] In addition, there are relics in Hualin Temple. It was first seen in Chen Zisheng's "Relics of Yulan Panri Xilai Temple", and the poem says: "Gold hides relics for floating pictures, and monks please look out for everyone. It is difficult to remember the world when you are born and use it directly. I was stunned by the magic lamp, and I was sad by the cold water. When you are sick, you will leave the hospital empty, indicating that bananas are in the medicine bar. " [ 17]
Five hundred arhats in Hualin. In the 29th year of Qing Daoguang (1849), Hualin Temple presided over the establishment of the Lohan Hall, and built 500 arhats for people to pay their respects. A Qing poet Zhong Zhaolin has a seven-character poem "There are 500 arhats in Hualin Temple to answer a monk for an icon": "There are 500 arhats in Hualin, all of whom are disciples of the Buddha in the Western Heaven. A stove incense, a wall lamp, a plate of flowers and a bowl of water. The stone altar is clean and fiber-free, and the color is ethereal and Zen. Hu is cash, not a pilgrimage emperor. After careful inquiry, the monk knocked and answered that Yunyuan didn't start here. Or arhat as the predecessor, cassock called to Tiantai Temple. I know it has its original cause, and it has been cast like Zhaotianli ever since. Being a different moral monarch doesn't mean giving up your life with Taibbi. The emperor became an immortal Buddha, and it was agreed that it should be. If you don't believe Sri Lanka, you can't doubt it. You are in awe, only Nuo Nuo. " [18] Regarding the owner of the garden, Luo Shan, a native of Dongguan in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem called "Monks in the Garden": "Only Confucianism is a monk, and words are better than Brahma. One breath does not make you idle, so wisdom is not great. Seek to be a plastic marine, and strive to be Thai. " [19] Only garden practice. He not only built 500 statues of arhats, but also got 3,000 volumes of the Tripitaka, and said, "Being a monk doesn't make people idle. When they are idle, they are delusional, and there is no reason to live." [20]
Guifeng West Zen is the quietest. In the Qing Dynasty, the Xichan Temple on the outskirts of Xiguan was quiet and elegant, with few pilgrims, and people came to live in seclusion to enjoy the cool. Cui Biyu, a native of Panyu in the Qing Dynasty, once wrote two poems "A Monk in the West Temple": "When you first leave the city, you will feel elegant and comfortable. After a long time, it is more than enough to round Putin. Flowers are on the fence, and cranes are used as houses in the forest. It seems to be waiting for a stranger to read the book of Bayeux. " "Count rafters, and the old monk. There is no fire in Ye Jing, and Zen is not ice. The bowl is full of happy birds and the dust is full of hungry flies. Things are light outside, and the fate is more prosperous. " [2 1] Chen's "Visit to Xichan Temple" says: "Visiting the western suburbs is even more western, and Xichan is a little lonely at the beginning. The oriole is full of lonely monks and treats people to cross Tiger Creek. " [22]
A cool world is a reward. There are banyan trees in Baozi Temple, which is known as "the first cool place", and tourists often go to enjoy flowers and recite scriptures. Shen Shiliang's Preface to Baozi Temple says that Baozi Temple is "a mile west and close, with a square pool of several acres, a dust-free stone bed, a shade of banyan trees, and no sun in the sky, which is the first cool place in Zen Cave." There is a poem that says, "When you arrive at the temple, the pine flowers are shallow and have no cymbals, and the afternoon is cloudy as the first drainage. Lonely couples will get married, and new bamboo shoots will gradually hinder order. Celebrities read coquettish drinks and carry water and firewood. Chasing the cool is more like loving the wind pool, a cup of clean green. " [23] The shadows of green trees invaded Xiao Lu, and the gallery was empty. The stone bed is wet with moss and the flower diameter is fragrant and strong in the afternoon wind. Green waves blow crepe best, inch by inch is difficult to weave palindromes. [24] There are begonia flowers in Baozi Temple: "Why do you ask about your luggage? A petal once laughed in class. Poetry is absolutely beautiful in the west, and flowers stay alone in summer. Who can see colorless, I realized that there is fragrance. After the dew, Li smiled and married Spring. " [25]
In addition, in the past, temples in western Guangzhou had mountains, water and pavilions, which were good places for Guangzhou people to visit. Zhang Qingxuan, the provincial judge of Zhili in the Qing Dynasty, wrote, "Wang Taishou Cheng Jian visited the West Temple of Guangzhou and watched the rhyme at the same time": "Choose the victory to find the secluded forest, and the wind pavilion and waterside pavilion will soon climb. In a corner of the city, Shui Mu is enjoying the Qing Dynasty, and Brahma's room is clean and vulgar. Autumn willow poems should be heard today, and make a confidant. Forget the friendship of the New Year, sit in Tongyin and Athena Chu. " "I occasionally come to the lake to take a fairy boat and travel in the town with the staff every day. I have leisure and happiness, but now Wang Ze dares to relieve my worries. Before planting the forest, the clouds will return to the cave. If you want to rain, you should look at the wind above the building first. Carnivores prefer bamboo shoots, and it is said that all Yangzhou came to the DPRK. " [26] Changshou Temple is famous for its sweet-scented osmanthus everywhere. Pan Zhaokeng's Zhuzhi Ci of the Pearl River in the Qing Dynasty has a poem "Osmanthus fragrans in Changshou Temple is full, and adults dye their robes", which shows that Osmanthus fragrans in Changshou Temple is fragrant in all seasons.
Precautions:
[1] Outside the Poems of Weng Shan (Volume 10), Complete Works of Qu Dajun, People's Literature Publishing House (1996), p. 849.
[2] Chen Linghai Scenic Map, fifty-five years of Qingganlong (1790), printed volume of Willow Village in Yangcheng 1, p. 1 157.
[3] Yangcheng Evening News 2003 1 1. 17 A8 edition.
[4] "Weng Shan Shi Wai" Volume 3, People's Literature Publishing House, 1996 edition, the first 149 page.
[5] "Poems of Weng Shan" Volume 10, People's Literature Publishing House 1996, p. 849.
[6] "Poetry in Caigen Hall", printed by Guangzhou Xiangxing Printing Bureau 1930, Volume 8, Page 7.
[7] (America) Hunter's Miscellanies of Old China, Guangdong People's Publishing House, p. 70, 1992.
[8] Buddhism in Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Publishing House, 1996, p. 37.
[9] Poems on Xi Ting in Jiyang, five years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1866), printed 1, p. 6.
[10] Notes on Poems of Jiyang Xiting in the Five Years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1866), printed, volume 1, p. 8.
[1 1] "Notes on Modern Poetry in Meihua Bookstore", Volume 4, Page 3, takes a dim view.
[12] Luo's Zhuang Draft, published by Tonghua Bookstore in the 29th year of Qing Daoguang (1849), p. 20.
[13] "Poetry in Yuyuan Garden", 9th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1883), first edition, page 8.
[14] Poems of Caigen Tang, printed by Guangzhou Xiangxing Printing Bureau, Volume II, 1 1.
[15] collection of the legacy of Zhongzhou Caotang, a photocopy of the collection of thirteen Cantonese families in Hong Kong at page 2 1 page 1977 of this volume.
[16] Remains of Panyu Liang Orange Orchard, Volume 2, page 45.
[17] collection of the legacy of Zhongzhou Caotang, photocopy of the collection of thirteen Cantonese families in Hong Kong 1977, 14 pages.
[18] Poems of Caigen Tang, printed by Guangzhou Xiangxing Printing Bureau, 1930, p. 4.
[19] [20] Poems of Wei Deng Ge Huairen, printed on page 13 in the second year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty.
[2 1] Chen Linghai Scenery, fifty-five years of Qingganlong (1790), printed volume of Willow Village in Yangcheng (1), p. 1 158.
[22] "Shi Ye, Fang Shan and Shi Chao", eight years of Guangxu (1882), printed on 18.
[23] Xiao Tuo 'an Poetry Notes, 2 years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1863), Volume 3, p. 1 13.
[24][ Gan Long] "Guangzhou Official Records" Volume 5 1 Page 44.
[25] Yang Qingzhen's ode to dead branches of begonia flowers in Xiaji Baozi Temple, thirty-eight years of Qing Qianlong's reign (1773), Poem Notes in Luxi, Bao Putang's printed edition, p. 73.
[26] "Poems of Ge Fen in Qing Dynasty", Volume 4 in Qing Dynasty, p. 13.