Guan Yu was officially appointed as the prefect of Xiangyang and governor of Jingzhou affairs, except that Cao Cao invited Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to make him Hou Ting of Hanshou. Liu Bei was first named as a general of Dangkou, and later as a former general, ranking first among the "Five Tiger Generals" in Shu Han. In 4 1 year after his death, that is, in the three years of Shu Kingdom in the Three Kingdoms (260 years, which happened to be the100th anniversary of his birth), the late Lord was posthumously sealed as a strong Muhou and died. However, from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu was respected by feudal emperors. "The prince is king, the king is emperor, the emperor is holy, and the sky is holy", and there are different opinions. There are boundless temples, and Guan Yu is famous at home and abroad, and has become one of the most worshipped sacred idols in history, so that he is as famous as Confucius and is called "both civil and military saints".
Guan Yu is famous for his loyalty, righteousness, courage and martial arts. The feudal rulers of past dynasties all needed typical figures like the patron saint to maintain their rule, so they greatly exaggerated and exaggerated their loyalty, bravery and ethics, hoping that more civil servants and military officers would be as loyal to the king and brave as Guan Yu.
The knighthood and king of Guan Yu began in the Song Dynasty. In the first year of Chongning (1 102), Huizong named Guan Yu "loyal" and named him Hou. A year later, he worshiped Ning for three years, and was named "Zunning Zhenjun"; In the second year of Daguan (1 108), it was renamed as "King Zhaolie Wu 'an"; In the fifth year of Xuanhe (1 123), it was named "Yong 'an King". In a short period of 2 1 year, Guan Yu was chased as many as four times, from Hou, Cao Jun and Wang. Zhao Gou, the first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, also declared that Guan Yu could "destroy the front of the treacherous man and save the drowning of Tang Yuan". In the second year of Jian Yan (1 128), he was named "the king of Yiwu 'an in Miao Zhuang", and his son Zhao Shen even called Guan Yu "a great festival of heaven and earth, immortal as a god" and "a masterpiece in history".
After the demise of the Song Dynasty, Mongols entered the Central Plains and established the Yuan Dynasty. In the first year of the early Yuan Dynasty (1328), Tu timur, a writer of the Yuan Dynasty, changed the title of Yu in the Southern Song Dynasty to "Fairy", which means "Fairy, Yong 'an,".
Guan Yu was made emperor in the Ming Dynasty. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Prince Zhu Yun succeeded to the throne and was named "Wen Jian". In the third year of Wen Jian (1399), Judy launched an armed coup, conquered Nanking in the name of "Jun Qing side" and won the throne. Judy said that his behavior was blessed by Guan Yu's immortal spirit, and it was "God's will" for him to become emperor. The emperor said that Guan Yu was a god, and Li's officials at all levels and the people also regarded Guan Yu as a god. In the fourth year of Zheng De in the middle and late Ming Dynasty (1509), the court ordered that all the temples in China be renamed as "Zhongwu Temple". Twenty-two years of Wanli (1594),
At the request of Taoist Zhang Tongyuan, the deity Zhu Yijun named Guan Yu emperor, and the name of Guandi Temple was changed from "loyalty to martial arts" to "heroism". In the forty-two years of Wanli (16 14), Zhu Yijun named him "the great demon god of the three realms, and Guan Sheng Dijun of Weiyuan Megatronus" (see two books, Ke Yu Cong Kao and Lao Pu Cong Tan). The records of Guan Yu's conferring the emperor in Xie County Records and Shanxi Tongzhi are different from the above statements: First, in the eighteenth year of Wanli (1590), Guan Yu was conferred as "helping heaven and protecting the country and being loyal to the monarch"; It was named "Emperor Xie Tian" in the tenth year of Wanli. What is loyalty to history remains to be verified.
The rulers of the Qing Dynasty were also extremely fond of Guan Yu. Zu Fulin became sworn brothers with Mongolian Khan in his last life, claiming that "just like Guan and Liu Bei, they only serve sincerely". After entering the customs in the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Yu Hua was named "Loyal SHEN WOO Guan Sheng the Great". In the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), Saint Michelle Ye visited Guandi Temple and wrote the inscription "Bing Yi Gankun". In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), Sejong Yin Zhen made Feng Yu's distant ancestor, grandfather and father duke. After Qianlong, after Jiaqing and Daoguang dynasties, Yu's titles were added one after another: "Serve the country and benefit the people, sincerely appease Xuande and be loyal to Guan Sheng the Great", with as many as 24 words, especially in recognition of the former dynasty. In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), Yi Ning, a scholar, pursued Feng Yu with the ancestors of King Zhao Guang, the grandfather of King Yuchang and the father of King Cheng Zhong. In this way, from the feather above the fourth, three kings and one emperor, showing off wealth and dazzling, even the palace of the Qing Dynasty sacrificed Guan Yu's throne.
Military strategists respect military sages.
Guan Yu was famous for his loyalty, righteousness, courage and martial arts all his life, so military strategists liked him very much. The commander-in-chief led the troops to run the army and led the troops to fight. All battles, whether just or unjust, hope that his soldiers in the distribution school will be skilled, brave and tenacious, and Guan Yu is regarded as a warrior for example. In the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to win the participation of Guan Yu's descendants "Guan Sheng" in the mountains, enhance the prestige of the rebel army and boost the morale of the ranks, the leader Song Jiang did not hesitate to give up the first hand.
Chair. Later, the peasant uprising led by the Red Scarf in the late Yuan Dynasty, the peasant uprising led by Gao, Li Zicheng and Zhang in the late Ming Dynasty and the peasant uprising led by Hong Xiuquan in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom all revered Guan Yu. The Taiping Army compiled a pamphlet called "A Record of Heaven", which contained 565,438+0 poems written by Dong Wangyang, praising his sister-in-law in heaven. Among them, there are more than a dozen poems that compare Guan Yu and other Shu to heroes in the sky in the future: "There are more heroes in ancient times than Guan Yu (feather) and Zhao Yun (cloud), and heroes in the sky are also"; "clear
There are millions of demons in the world, and heroes are better than Han Guan (Yu) Zhang Fei (Fei). In some places, the temple dedicated to Guan Yu is called Wu Temple, and the temple dedicated to Guan Yu and Yue Fei is also called Pan Temple. Legend has it that Yue Fei is the reincarnation of the loyal and upright Duke Guan of SHEN WOO. Interestingly, in the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), the Beiyang government controlled by Yuan Shikai also ordered the construction of the Guan Yue Temple in gulou west, Beijing, to worship Guan Gong and Yue Fei together, hoping that his Beiyang generals would be as brave as Guan Yu and always win.
Business is regarded as the god of wealth.
In Southeast Asian countries such as Hong Kong, Macau, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, etc., where Chinese and overseas Chinese concentrate on business, almost all major companies, businesses and shops worship public gods, and businessmen regard Guan Yu as a god of wealth who can make money, treasure and shelter businessmen. The worship of Guan Yu by mainland businessmen began in the late Ming Dynasty, and became more popular in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. With the development of commodity economy, overseas businessmen gather everywhere, among which Shanxi businessmen are the most dominant, with a large number and wide distribution. There are many businessmen of the same nationality gathered in one place.
Through the establishment of "chamber of commerce" and "guild hall" to contact and serve their own interests. The main god worshipped by the local chamber of commerce is Guan Gong, and the model of the hall building completely imitates Guan Di Temple. After the reform and opening up, with the establishment of the socialist commodity market, especially the freedom of belief and the relaxation of the political environment, a large number of private individual merchants and non-state-owned businesses invited Guan Yu as their psychological support, hoping to bless their business prosperity and good luck. Guan Gong Hotel is located on the west side of Yuncheng Railway Station Square.
Zhang Xiaobie, general manager of comprehensive accommodation catering industry, is Guan Yu's hometown. He not only named Guan Yu as the name of the hotel, but also set up a beautifully decorated shrine in the reception hall with a statue of Guan Gong's whole body of thyme. In addition to offering sacrifices in front of the shrine on Memorial Day and traditional festivals, he sincerely prayed to the gods. Every day when the hotel opens, the security guards should salute the statue of Guan Gong, which is a common practice and requires all employees to be familiar with it.
Protect the people and subdue the devil.
Guan Yu was named the "Demon Emperor of the Three Realms" during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. From then on, Guan Gong became not only the official god of the feudal court, but also the folk god. Zhao Yi, a historian and archaeologist in the early Qing Dynasty, said in his "Yu Cong Kao": "Today, the Antarctic ridge is on the surface, and the Arctic is cold. All children and women without exception. The prosperity of incense is immortal with heaven and earth. " In the eyes of ordinary people, Guan Yu is a hero who is loyal to SHEN WOO and the future; After Guan Yu's death, he was also a powerful god to pacify the world, destroy China and foreign countries and subdue demons. Only by being proud of Guan Yu can we turn disasters into blessings, maintain family health and be safe all year round in times of crisis.
Protect Buddhism and Taoism
Buddhism respects Guan Yu as a protector. The Qing version of Guan Di Ling Zhi Yi Jian Yuquan records that in the twelfth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (592), the wise man in the Tiantai of Dangyang dreamed of appearing at night, promising "I will build a brake to protect the Buddha" and exert his divine power to promote the success of yuquan temple. Guan Gong accepted the Five Commandments, so he built this temple for this purpose. Galand is a transliteration of Sanskrit, meaning "many gardens" or "hate gardens". It originally refers to a Buddhist temple, and later it is also called Galand, the patron saint of the temple. Textual research on other historical books, Biography of the Wise Man, says that the name of the wise man is Zhiyi. (539-597)
The founder of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism is known as Tiantai Sect in the world. In the 13th and 14th years (593-594), he gave lectures in yuquan temple, Jingzhou. After the Song Dynasty, Guan Yu jumped from the protector of a temple (or a Buddhist) to the protector of Buddhism in China, and all temples invited Guan Yu to their own threshold. Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, some temples in Wutai Mountain in Shanxi and Tianning Temple in Jiaocheng County are all related to the statue of Qi Huangong. Even the famous Lama Temple in Beijing has built a related emperor's hall in the west courtyard, which is dedicated to the beautifully made bronze statue of Guan Gong.
Taoism worships Guan Yu as "the king of Yong 'an" and "the king of Yong 'an". Although Song Zhenzong and Zhao Heng conferred titles on Guan Yu in the seventh year of Xiang Fu in Dazhong (10 14), the cause of the incident was closely related to Taoist worship of Guan Yu, which was the beginning of Taoist sacrifice to Guan Yu in China. According to the Complete Records of Guandi's Holy Traces and Sounding of Three Religions, in the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu, the secretariat of Xiezhou was presented to the court, and the salt pond in Xiezhou was cataclysmic, and there was no salt in the water. The emissary of God Sect went to the Dragon Palace in Xiezhou City to pray, but in his dream he learned that Chiyou was at work. The emperor sent someone from Longhu Mountain in Xinzhou to Zhang Tianshi to pick up Chiyou. Zhang Tianshi recommended Shu Han, the most heroic general, as "He will succeed". Later, Guan Yu was cleaning his teeth and Chiyouda.
On the seventh day of the war, Chiyou was killed and Yanchi water was revived. Zhang Tianshi originally referred to the "Five Mi Dou Knives" in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Founder Zhang Ling. The name of "Shi Tian" began in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it is the honorific title of Taoism to Zhang Ling. Different from other sects, it is "Five Doors of Rice"
The head of Tao is hereditary, and his descendants can inherit the position, so he became the master of all previous dynasties.
Weigh. Guan Gong's killing Chiyou is an absurd fairy tale, but it is the first time for Song Zhenzong Taoist leader Zhang Tianshi.
Ask Guan Yu to come out and get rid of the demons, and start to draw Guan Yu into the Tao. Later Taoist believers also respected Guan Yu.
A symbol of social loyalty.
Guan Yu's image is highly respected by the middle and lower classes in China feudal society. In the Republic of China, some non-governmental organizations and gang organizations praised Guan Yu's spirit and character, and praised his loyalty and courage. There is a saying that Guan Yu's loyalty is the internal bond of unity. Boxer Rebellion, White Lotus Sect, Heaven and Earth Society and Brother in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China
Societies, green red (red) gangs, triads, etc. Have special respect for Guan Yu. The ceremony for the opening of the mountain by the Society of Geriatrics must be held in the ancient temple in the deep mountains, choosing the auspicious day of the ecliptic, and worshiping Guan Yu and other gods in front of the field. Feathers are worshipped in all branches of the underworld, and their initiation ceremony is solemn and mysterious. Choose a secret room called "Honghua Pavilion", which is dedicated to Guan Yu and called "Loyalty Hall". Scissors and peach branches are placed in the center of the hall, which means that dark clouds can be cut off. Peach branches represent Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.