What are the two forms of table tennis competition?

Competition rules 1. Competition rules 1. The upper surface of the table is called the competition table, which should be a rectangle parallel to the horizontal plane, with a length of 2 or 74 meters. It's 1, 525 meters wide and 76 centimeters above the ground. The game table does not include the side of the table top. The game table can be made of any material. Should have consistent elasticity, that is, when the standard ball falls to the table from a height of 30 cm from the table. The pop-up height should be about 23 cm. The table should be evenly dark and dull. There should be a white line with a width of 2 cm along the edge of the border line of 2.74 meters and the edge of the end line of 65,438+0.525 meters. The table is divided into two equal table areas by a vertical net parallel to the end line. The whole area of each platform area should be a whole. In doubles, each table area should be divided into two equal "half areas" by a 3 mm wide white center line. The midline is parallel to the sideline and should be regarded as a part of the right half. 2. Net gear 2, 1 Net gear includes net gear, net hanging rope, net post and clip part for fixing them on the table. 2.2 The net should be hung on a rope, and both ends of the rope should be tied to vertical net posts with heights of 15 and 25 cm respectively, and the distance between the outer edges of the net posts is 15 and 25 cm. 2.3 The top of the net 15, 25cm away from the playing surface. 2.4 The bottom of the whole net should be as close to the table as possible, and both ends of the net should be as close to the net column as possible. 3. Ball 3 and 1 shall be spherical with a diameter of 40mm (effective from June 10, 2000). 3.2 The ball weighs 2 or 7 grams (effective from June 65438+1 October1). 3, 3 ball should be made of cellophane or similar plastic, white or orange, dull; 4. Racket 4. 1 Racket size, shape and weight are not limited. But the bottom plate should be flat and hard. 4, 2 the thickness of the bottom plate should be at least 85% of the natural wood. The glue layer for reinforcing the bottom plate can be made of fiber materials such as carbon fiber, glass fiber or compressed paper, and each glue layer does not exceed 7.5% or 0.35 mm of the total thickness of the bottom plate. 4.3 The racket surface used for hitting the ball should be coated with a layer of ordinary particle glue with outward particles, together with the adhesive, with a thickness of no more than 2mm；; Or sponge rubber covered with inward or outward particles, together with adhesive, the thickness is not more than 4 mm. 4.4 Ordinary particle rubber is a layer of natural rubber or synthetic rubber without foam, and its particles must be not less than 10 per square centimeter. The average density of no more than 50 particles is distributed over the whole surface of the racket face. 4.5 Sponge rubber A layer of foam rubber is covered with a layer of ordinary granular rubber, and the thickness of ordinary granular rubber is not more than 2mm. 4, 6 The covering should cover the whole racket face, but not beyond its edge. The portion near the handle and the finger grip portion may not be covered, or may be covered with any material. 4.7 Any interlayer in the soleplate and any covering and adhesive layer used for hitting the ball shall be a whole with uniform thickness. 4.8 Both sides of the racket are covered or not. It must be dull, and one side is bright red and the other side is black. 4.9 Due to accidental damage, wear or fading, the integrity and color consistency of the racket face are slightly different. As long as the performance of the racket face has not changed significantly, it can be used. 4. 10 When a player needs to change his racket at the beginning and during the game, he must show his opponent and the referee the racket he will use and allow them to check it. 5. Definition 5. 1 turn: a period of time when the ball is in the game state. 5, 2 "The ball is in the game state" starts from the last moment when the ball is deliberately thrown up and stood on the palm of your hand without clapping, until the ball touches the table, and this round scores or serves again. 5, 3 serve "no sub-round". 5, 4 "Score Round" 5, 5 Clap your hands: the hand holding the racket. 5, 6 Don't clap your hands: the hand that doesn't hold the racket. 5, 7 hit the ball: touch the ball with the racket held in the hand or under the wrist 5, 8: After the opponent hits the ball, the ball moving in the direction of the playing table does not touch its own table; Before passing through it, it touches our athletes or anything they wear. 5, 9 server: the player who hits the ball first in a round. 5. 10 Send and receive players; The player who hits the ball second in a round. 5. Referee: A person appointed to manage a game. 5. 12 deputy referee: a person appointed to assist the referee in some aspects. 5. 13 items to be worn or worn: refers to any items worn or worn by athletes at the beginning of a round, but does not include match balls. 5. 14 net passing or winding device: Except passing between the net and the table, and between the net and the net rack, the ball is regarded as having a "net passing or winding device". 5. The "end line" of15 table includes the end line of the table and the infinite extension line of the end line. 6, legal serve 6, 1 serve, the ball should be placed on the palm of the hand that does not clap, and the palm is open and flat. The ball should be at rest. Behind the server's end line, six or two players should throw the ball almost vertically upward with their hands above the table level. It is not allowed to spin the ball, and the ball should rise not less than 16 cm after leaving the palm of your hand without clapping your hands. The ball should not touch the object before it falls. 6, 3 When the ball falls from the highest point of throwing, the server can hit the ball, so that the ball touches his own table first, then crosses or bypasses the net, and then touches the table of the receiver. In doubles, the ball should touch the right half of the server and receiver. 6, 4 From the last moment before pitching to hitting the ball, the ball and racket should be above the level of the table. 6.5 When hitting the ball, the ball should be behind the end line of the server, but it should not exceed the farthest part of the server's body from the end line (except the arm, head or leg). 6. When an athlete serves, the referee or deputy referee should see whether he serves according to the legal service rules. 1. If the referee doubts the correctness of a serve by the server, and neither he nor the assistant referee can determine that the serve is illegal, when this phenomenon first appears in a game, the referee can warn the server not to score points. Second, in the same game, if the server or his doubles partner's serve action is questioned again, whether for the same reason or not, the receiver will get one point. No matter for the first time or at any time, as long as the server obviously fails to serve according to the legal provisions, he will be deducted one point without warning. 6, 7, athletes can't strictly abide by a certain provision of the legal service due to physical injury, the referee can make a decision to avoid execution, but it must be explained to the referee before the game. 7. After legally returning the opponent's serve or return the ball, our player must hit the ball so that it directly crosses or bypasses the net device, or touches the net device, or touches the net device, and then touches the opponent's table. 8 Match order 8, 1 singles, legal serve, starting, then the receiver and receiver legally counterattack, and then they alternately legally counterattack. 8.2 In doubles, the server serves first, then the receiver and the receiver legally counter-attack, then the server partner legally counter-attack, and then the receiver and the receiver partner legally counter-attack. After that, players take turns to fight back legally in this order. 9. Serve 9 and 1 round should be judged as serve 9 and 2. If the ball served by the server touches the net device, it will become a legal serve. 9.3 The referee failed to score, the receiver and receiver were not ready, and the server had served. 9. Due to the interference beyond the control of the athletes, the athletes failed to fight back legally or abide by the rules in the legal serve; 9.5 The referee or deputy referee shall suspend the game. 9, 6 can be suspended under the following circumstances; 9, 6, 1 Due to the need to correct the service. The order or direction of receiving services is misplaced; 9, 6, 2. Due to rotation service; 9, 6, 3 For warning or punishing athletes; 9, 6, 4 Due to the interference of the competition environment, the result of this round may be affected. 10, except for the round that was awarded a heavy serve. In the following cases, the athlete scores one point; 10, 1, the opposing athlete failed to legal serve; 10,2 The opponent's athletes failed to fight back legally; 10,3 The player touches anything except the net before the opponent hits the ball in legal serve or after a legal return; 10,4 After the opponent hits the ball, the ball crosses the end line and does not touch the platform; 10,5 opponents block10,6 opponents hit the ball with unqualified racket face; 10,7 When the opponent's player or anything he wears touches the net device 10,8 When the opponent's player touches the table10,9 Doubles don't clap, the opponent's batting order is wrong10,10. When the alternate serve method is executed, clause 2,15,2 appears. 1 1, one game, one game, the winner is 1 1. 10 After the draw, the winner is the one who scores 2 points first. 12 A game consists of odd numbers. 13. The order of serving, receiving and exchanging positions 13, 1. After each score, the receiver becomes the server, and so on until the end of the game. When the scores of both sides reach 10, or when the rotation service method is implemented, the order of serving or receiving the service remains unchanged, but each person only serves one point during the rotation. In the game of 13 and 2, the player who serves first becomes the receiver in the next game. In the doubles final, when one side scores 5 points first, the receiver should exchange the order of receiving the service. In a game of13,3, one side of the game in one direction will change to the other direction in the next game of the field. In the deciding game, when one side scores 5 points first, the two sides should exchange places. 14, rotation serve method 14, 1 If a game is not over after 10 minutes (except when both sides score at least 9 points), or at any time before that, rotation serve method shall be implemented at the request of both players. 14,2 Once the server is changed, the rotation service method must be adopted for the remaining games. 15, 1 The referee shall immediately suspend the game, and the player who should serve or receive the service shall serve or receive the service in the order established at the beginning of the game according to the score on the field. In doubles, when mistakes are found, they should be corrected in the order established by the side with the right to serve first, and the game will continue. 15, 2 When the referee finds that the athletes should exchange positions but not, he should immediately suspend the game and make corrections according to the score on the field in the established order at the beginning of the field and the correct position where the athletes should stand to continue the game. 15,3 In any case, all the scores before the error is found are valid. Second, the referee method 1, the referee should have basic and necessary equipment and tools. These include match balls and referee chairs (referee chairs and assistant referee chairs). Lottery machine Measuring net ruler feather duster towel tray, scoring table, team competition ranking table, folder, scoreboard. Team (person) list, ballpoint pen. Carbon paper. Close at hand, timer, paper clip. Order book, referee's desk, scorekeeper (manual, mechanical or electronic), and instruments needed by the referee when presiding over the lottery; All kinds of cards (can be replaced by playing cards), etc. 2. Referee system Under normal circumstances, in every table tennis match, the referee will determine what referee system will be adopted in this match according to the nature of the game and the actual number of referees. At present, all major international and domestic competitions adopt a method called "consistent system". This "consistent system" has two forms: "consistent system" and "consistent system" "A consistent system". That is, on a table, the referee who decides the table is responsible from the beginning to the end of the game. That is, in a team competition, the referee and the assistant referee are sure to be responsible from beginning to end. These methods have high requirements for referees, and there is often no time to go to the toilet in the middle. "A consistent system". It is often used in individual competitions. 3. The operation process of referees and assistant referees. 1 Arrive at the stadium and check whether the baffle and table are placed correctly and whether the net is adjusted properly (if any equipment is disturbed during the competition, it must be restored to its original state before the competition can continue). 3.2 Adjust the score display to zero. 3. After the athletes arrive, check the catalogue and racket before starting the practice. Otherwise, if it is the wrong athlete or irregular racket, it will waste practice time. 3, 4 in the doubles competition, check whether the athletes' clothes are the same and whether there are significant differences between the two sides' clothes. If there is any disobedience, report to the referee. 3.5 Monitor the practice time and tell the athletes then. Ask the coach after practice to encourage athletes not to delay the competition time. 3, 6 In front of both players, use the edge thrower or coin to decide the serve, receive the serve and stand, and record the server or the first player in doubles on the scoreboard. 3, 7 before the start of the game, check whether the towel is placed in the container near the referee, and it is not allowed to hang on the baffle. Any other items, such as bags, must be left outside the stadium. 3. 8 When the athletes are ready, they will announce or point to the server and report "0-0" to change the score to "0-0". 3. Start the timer when serving food. When the game is interrupted, such as wiping sweat, the ball flies out of the game area to stop timing and start again. 3. 10 Score immediately after each round, or use gestures, or both. If you change your serve, point out or quote the name of the next server. 3. 1 1 discourage players from pausing too long or wasting time before serving, and remind them to continue the game if necessary. 3. During a match in 12, make sure that athletes are not allowed to accept any off-court instructions, whether it is language or gestures. If they give illegal instructions for the first time, they will be given a yellow card warning. If they commit a crime again, they will be sent off and leave the competition area. 3. At the end of 13, announce the winner and score at that time, keep the score on the display screen for a while, record the score on the record sheet, and delete the score on the scoreboard. 3. 14 After each game, pick up the game ball, or carry it with you, or put it on the stage for the next game. Master the intermission time and call back the athletes as soon as possible. 3. 15 After a competition, announce the results of the competition and the scores at that time in the team competition, fill in the scoring table, and ask the athletes or team leaders to sign after the team competition. 3. 16 After all competitions, all documents and equipment shall be returned to the relevant competition staff. 3. 17 When leaving the stadium, put away all the match balls, turn the score display back to no display, and check whether there are clothes, towels and other items left in the stadium. How to organize and participate in table tennis competition Table tennis is a competitive sport. In mass table tennis activities, various types and forms of competitions were held. Through the competition, we can promote mutual exchanges and learning between the two sides, thus promoting the development of sports activities in our unit and the region and enriching amateur cultural life. Here is a brief introduction to some knowledge about the organization and arrangement of table tennis matches. (1) To organize large-scale and regular table tennis matches at home and abroad, it is necessary to set up corresponding organizations to organize and coordinate the games in an orderly manner. Usually, a competition organizing committee (with director and deputy director) is established. It has a secretariat (including conference publicity, medical treatment, etc.), a competition office (responsible for judging venue competitions) and an arbitration commission (responsible for implementing competition rules during the competition and disputes arising from competition accumulation, etc.). ). Ordinary amateur competitions held at the grass-roots level may not be completely set up according to the above-mentioned institutions, but corresponding organizational forms may be set according to the actual situation, and the organization methods such as staffing can be flexibly mastered. (II) Competition Rules Competition rules are the fundamental basis of competition work and an important link in the whole competition work. Competition rules are generally designated by the organizers, and their contents should include: the name of the competition, the date and place of the competition, the participating units and personnel, the way of participation, the ranking of admission and the way of award, the judges, etc. (III) Events and Methods Table tennis competitions generally include team events and individual events. Team events include men's team events and women's team events. Individual events include singles, doubles and mixed doubles. 1. The men's team competition started from the 42nd World Table Tennis Championships. Men's team competition, 3 people each. The game sequence is as follows: the first game: A-X, the second game: B-Y, the third game: C-Z, the fourth game: A-Y, and the fifth game: B-Y. Each team can play 2-4 players in each game. The game sequence is as follows: the first game: A-X, the second game: B-Y, and the third game. 3. Individual men's singles. (4) Match table tennis matches, like other ball games, often adopt two forms: round robin system and elimination system, and sometimes adopt a mixed system combining the two methods. 1, round robin system is a basic and commonly used method in ball games, which is characterized by the opportunity for teams to meet in the whole game. This method is conducive to the communication between opponents and improve their own technical level, and can fairly and objectively reflect the results of the game, so it has become a common method used in table tennis competitions. Its disadvantage is that it is time-consuming, especially when there are many participants and the competition time is short. Table tennis matches generally adopt single cycle and graded cycle. Players or teams participating in a single cycle should take turns to play 1 time. Calculation of the number of rounds in a single round robin: when the number of participants or teams is odd, the number of rounds is equal to the number of people (teams); When the number of participants is even, the number of rounds is equal to the number of people (teams) minus 1. The calculation method of single-cycle competition is: if two or more athletes win the same number of times, they shall be determined in the order of winning rate, winning rate and winning rate. 3. Group Cycle This is a method of dividing several people (teams) into several groups and circulating in each group. Its characteristic is to save time, and it is adopted when there are many participants and the competition time is short. Team events generally adopt grouping cycle, and all teams can be grouped in a snake shape. For example, the team of 12 can be divided into two groups: A:1458912b: 23671kloc-0/65438. 4. Elimination system Elimination system means to quit the competition after one failure, and the winner will continue the competition until the third place is decided. This kind of competition is characterized by saving time and strong competitiveness, which can make the competition more and more exciting, but it is also accidental. A) Single elimination system The so-called single elimination system means that all the contestants are organized into a certain competition order, and two similar players compete. The winner enters the next round and the loser is eliminated. B) Double elimination system Double elimination system is to arrange athletes in a certain order. If you lose two games, you will be eliminated. Winning a game in the final is the champion, and losing a game is the runner-up.