Fragrant chrysanthemums are in full bloom in Lin Yao, pine trees and Guanyan line. With this beautiful appearance, it is outstanding for first frost.
The second poem in Tao Yuanming's Book of the Republic of China is:
Heze Wednesday spring, Liangping Autumn Festival. The swimming breath without dew condensation is a beautiful day for Gaosu. Yi Feng, in the distance is the amazing Ling Censong. Fragrant chrysanthemums are in full bloom in Lin Yao, pine trees and Guanyan line. With this beautiful appearance, it is outstanding for first frost. It takes a thousand years to care for your lover. If you can't get the exhibition, you will be tired for a long month.
The key point of the whole poem is that the author witnessed the killing of Qifeng, Fang Ju and Song Qing in autumn, and felt the high praise for the virtue of faithfulness.
Since Song Yu issued "sadness" in "Nine Arguments"! After lamenting that autumn is the spirit, "sad autumn" has become the traditional theme of poetry creation. Unsuccessful literati will express their sadness when writing poems, and few people can fall outside the convention. Tao Yuanming's poems have a different way. The chill of autumn creates a feeling in the poet's heart, which is not sadness, but excitement. You see: dew condenses into frost, leaving no trace of floating water vapor between heaven and earth, so the sky appears higher and the scenery becomes clearer. This autumn breath not only cleansed the haze in nature, but also refreshed the poet and made his mood suddenly clear. He noticed the touching characteristics of autumn colors: the vegetation withered, the mountain shape became thinner, but the peak was getting higher and higher, which made the poet "stop at the top of the mountain" and sighed as magic; In the eclipsed forest, the poet saw a dazzling light from a distance, and he was delighted to guess that it was a blooming chrysanthemum; On the abrupt rock, the poet saw the neatly arranged pine trees standing proudly. These scenes emerge in the whole background of autumn scenery, which is because the clear air makes the poet's vision clearer, but the main reason is that the poet's emotion determines his aesthetic choice.
When writing this poem, Tao Yuanming had not finished his official career. In order to realize his early ideal of saving the world and solve the realistic livelihood problem, he went out several times to look for a job. However, the dirty and treacherous atmosphere of officialdom contradicted his yearning for nature and innocence, which made him feel physically and mentally bound, like "falling into a dust net" and "being trapped in a cage" (the first part of Return to the Garden), so he abandoned his official position several times and returned to his hometown. With this experience of being an official, the pastoral life of returning to simplicity naturally increased the attraction to Tao Yuanming, but it can be seen from the pleasant description of the joy of seclusion in the first poem. What's more, in the return to nature, it also contains the poet's pursuit of adhering to moral integrity and never colluding with others. Because of this, he showed special interest in Lingling and Song Ju, who stood out from the crowd, and expressed his admiration for the maverick by praising Song Ju, who was "sincere and graceful" and "outstanding in first frost". But the person who is pregnant with "I miss you" is not necessarily a specific person, but an aristocratic scholar who has been as arrogant as Song Ju and Ling Cen for thousands of years. Tao Yuanming was eager to follow these noble principles of life and resolutely left troubled times. But this ambition didn't come true, and he was very depressed. Self-regret is just a waste of good time. The last two poems just show Tao Yuanming's ideological contradiction in the period of officials' reciprocating.
Qiu Jiasui once made a more accurate evaluation of this poem: "Looking at the wonder of Ling Cen from a distance and the beauty of the Song drama from a close look, Tao Gong is eye-catching, which makes him actually indulge in the high festival of the Song Dynasty, and the so-called fu is also here." Of course, it is wrong for Qiu Jiasui to narrowly interpret Tao Yuanming's Gao Jie as "disobedient to the Song Dynasty", because judging from the situation written by "the inspector didn't show up and hated the good moon", this poem was considered to be before Tao Yuanming returned to the field in the first year (405), and it was still far from the Jin Dynasty (420) in Song Wudi. It is worth noting that Qiu Jiasui believes that Tao Yuanming's description of natural scenery in this poem adopts a kind of expression technique of "giving and comparing". The so-called "Fu and Bi" means that the natural scenery expressed in Tao Yuanming's poems can actually exist in reality, but at the same time it symbolizes and represents a noble character of the poet. This generalization is very instructive to the analysis of Tao's poems.
In Tao Yuanming's poems, the scenery with both practical and symbolic significance is pine and cypress and chrysanthemum. Take twenty Chinese sentences in Drinking as an example. Fourth: "I am lonely and rambling because of my value, and I have come from afar." There is no glory in the strong wind, and this shadow is not long. " Fifth: "Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely." Seventh: "Autumn chrysanthemum is beautiful in color. I will never forget things. " Eighth: "The pine tree is in the East Garden, and the grass has no posture. First frost is different, you can see the tall branches. Even foresters don't realize that being alone is very strange. " And "Gui Xi Ci" wrote what I saw when I came back, and there was a scene of "three paths are barren, and pine chrysanthemums still exist"; What I did when I came back was a gesture of "caressing loneliness and sentimentality". It can be seen that Tao Yuanming really has a soft spot for pine chrysanthemums. He planted pine chrysanthemums in his east garden. Tao Yuanming's special interest in pine chrysanthemum is the reason why it is planted in the garden and opposite it all day. The second book of "He Zhu Guobo" says that "Song Ju's image embodies the poet's own excellent moral character".