Emperor, the ancient is the sky, the meaning of light, "because it gives life to all things, it is called emperor."
Emperor, the Lord of creatures and the ancestor of Xingyi, "is called emperor because of his prolificacy."
The emperor is the highest and the emperor is the lowest. The ancient emperor means heaven and earth, and the word emperor tells people that heaven and earth are the masters of everything!
The origin of "yellow"
From 3000 BC to the previous 2 1 century, it was the beginning of Chinese civilization with three emperors and five emperors. Huang San's statement is different, generally considered to be Fuxi, Nu Wa and Shennong. Legend has it that Fu, also known as Emperor, created gossip by knowing the virtue of God, taught the people to weave nets, engaged in fishing, hunting and animal husbandry, and got married as a gift, made a book contract and tied ropes on behalf of others. The earliest writing in China was discovered about 5000 years ago. Therefore, Fu really should be the earliest representative of China culture. Nu Wa is the world hegemon after Fu Xishi. He created the sheng spring, which was the beginning of music. It is said that she practices stones to mend the sky and picks reed ash to stop the deep water. Shennong (Emperor Yan) is the master of the world after Nu Wa. It is said that he was the inventor of farming and medicine. He also created the banjo and started the wax festival and market. It seems that when he started, the Chinese nation began to enter the farming society.
The origin of the "emperor"
"Five Emperors" are the records of Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. Biography of five emperors
Huangdi, surnamed Ji (or Yun Gongsun), named Xuanyuan and Xiongshi, originally lived in the northwest, and later moved to Zhuolu (now southeast of Zhuolu, Hebei). Later generations called it Shennong, Ginger, or Mount Li. At that time, the powerful Jiuli nationality in the south, led by its leader Chiyou, competed with Yan Di for the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Yan Di failed, fled to the north, turned to the Yellow Emperor for help, and formed an alliance. The commander-in-chief of the Yellow Emperor, Yan, Huang and Chiyou, fought in the battle of Zhuolu. With the help of General Li Mu, the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou and Chiyou was killed. After the battle of Zhuolu, a war broke out between Yanhuang tribes, and Huangdi defeated Yandi. From then on, the tribes in the Central Plains mainly respected the Yellow Emperor, and the tribes of Yanhuang merged into the Chinese nation under the leadership of the Yellow Emperor. Therefore, the Chinese nation has always been the descendants of the Chinese people, and it is also called the descendants of the Chinese people because the Chinese tribes have merged into the Chinese nation.
The origin of the "emperor"
In history, the monarch was called "emperor", which began with Qin Shihuang. Before that, the supreme rulers of China were called "kings" or simply "emperors" and "emperors", such as Zhou Wenwang, Zhou Wuwang, Huang Sanhe and Five Emperors. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty declined, and the princes competed for hegemony. The monarchs of some powerful vassal states also call themselves kings, such as the kings of Qin, Chu, Qi, Zhao and Yan. In 22 1 year BC, the king of Qin conquered six countries and settled the world. Ying Zheng thinks this is eternal.
Some achievements, even the three emperors and five emperors can't compare with him. If you don't change the title of "king", you can't call it success and pass it on to future generations. So Li Si and others were asked to study how to change their titles to show their "great achievements". After discussion, Li Si and others reported to the king of Qin that there were emperors, Huangdi and Tai Huang in ancient times, and Tai Huang was the most expensive, so the king could be changed to Tai Huang. After much consideration, the King of Qin thought that he was "respected in Huang San, better than the Five Emperors" and decided to use the title "Emperor" to express his dignity.
Another way of saying it is:
After Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, the king of Qin felt that his achievements surpassed those of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. If he doesn't change his name, he can't show his greatness and let future generations understand his lofty ideals. So he called Li Si and the doctor to discuss changing the name of the emperor.
Prime Minister Wang Wan wrote: "The names of the three emperors and five emperors are the masters of the world. In fact, the territory they occupied was only 1000 miles from Fiona Fang. It was only after the Shang and Zhou Dynasties became kings that they really owned the world, and the Zhou Dynasty lasted for 800 years, so I think the title of king is the best. "
Qin Wangzheng said unhappily, "I don't want the world of the Shang Dynasty for 700 years, nor the world of the Zhou Dynasty for 800 years, but a dynasty that will last forever."
Reese said, "Your Majesty pacified the world, and now all the counties in the sea have become counties, and the laws and regulations are unified by the central government. This has never happened since ancient times, so your majesty's achievements are beyond the reach of the three emperors and five emperors. I believe that there were emperors, Huangdi and Tai Huang in ancient times, and Tai Huang was the most outstanding. I suggest calling it Tai Huang. "
Hearing this, King Zheng of Qin said happily, "Tai Huang still cannot live without the past. In my opinion, he went to Thailand as an emperor and adopted the ancient "emperor" as the "emperor". I call myself the first emperor, and there are countless descendants, two and three lives, and eternal life. Besides, I respect King Xiang of Zhuang too much. " In this way, Ying Zheng was called "Qin Shihuang", commonly known as "Qin Shihuang"
The origin of "Your Majesty"
In literary and artistic works, it is often seen that people call the emperor "Your Majesty". Why is the emperor called "Your Majesty"? "Your Majesty" is the title of the emperor's subjects in feudal times. "Your Majesty" originally refers to the steps of the palace, especially the steps in front of the emperor's throne. When the emperor comes to Korea, there should be a line of ministers holding swords on both sides of the "position" to prevent accidents and show his prestige. Ministers often can't speak directly to the emperor, but should be conveyed by the guards standing in "Your Majesty" to show the loftiness of imperial power. The title "Your Majesty" was first seen in Sima Qian's Historical Records. There is such a record in Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "Today, your majesty Xingyi soldiers killed thieves, leveled the world, and the country was a county, with unified laws and regulations, which has never existed since ancient times." Later, people used "Your Majesty" as a direct address to the emperor, indicating that although they were talking to the emperor, they did not dare to forget that they were not qualified in etiquette.
The Origin of "Tai shang huang"
At the end of Qin Dynasty, Chu and Han fought for hegemony, and Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang finally won. In December of the fifth year of Hanwang (202 BC), Xiang Yu was ambushed on all sides by Liu Bang and surrounded by Gaixia (now southeast of Lingbi County, Anhui Province). Xiang Yu failed to break through and committed suicide in Wujiang (now Wujiangpu in the northeast of Anhui County). After Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang became emperor, he visited his old father every day. Who knows that when he visited his father Liu Taigong again one day, he saw his father wearing an old coat and holding a broom, and he greeted him respectfully. Liu Bang was surprised and hurried forward to help his father, but Liu Taigong repeatedly retreated. Liu Taigong said, "You are the son of heaven. Who dares to disrespect you? Although I am your father, I am just an ordinary person. People who disrespect the emperor will be beheaded. I don't want to break the law and order of the world for this matter. " Emperor gaozu was so anxious that he couldn't think of a good way to treat his father without being rude. Later, a minister said that Qin Shihuang regarded his dead father as the emperor's father and suggested that Liu Taigong be named the emperor's father. Liu Bang was overjoyed and immediately held a ceremony to put Liu Taigong on the throne. The emperor's father has been called "the emperor's father" since then, and this name has been passed down from generation to generation.
The emperor is the supreme ruler of an authoritarian political country. The Chinese word "Emperor" is said to have been created by Qin Shihuang, and it is a combination of "Huang San" and "Five Emperors". Qin Shihuang (Ying Zheng) was the first emperor in the history of China.
In the history of China, Qin Shihuang established the emperor system and became the first emperor himself, known as the "first emperor". From then on, China began the period of emperor system for 2232 years. The emperor is an outstanding representative of the central government of China, the core of the government and society, and enjoys the highest power and honor. The emperor calls himself "I" and others call him "Your Majesty", "Long live" or "Holy Home". In the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang tried to concentrate all the power of the state in his own (that is, the emperor) hands, that is, "everything in the world depends on the world", but due to the numerous affairs of governing the country, this system was actually immature. After the Qin Dynasty, the power and functions of the emperor were gradually assisted by the central government. In the Han dynasty, the central government was in the form of three officials and nine ministers, and in the Sui dynasty, the system of three provinces and six ministries began. Therefore, even if the emperor is young, the central government can operate as usual, but at the same time, due to the power of the central government chief (such as prime minister, prime minister, etc.). ) may be too heavy, may threaten the power of the emperor, and even become the emperor himself through a coup, such as Wang Mang usurping government.
Europe
The word "emperor" in the west comes from Latin imperator or caesar, which means the supreme ruler, head of state and emperor of the Roman army. The monarchs of ancient European countries were usually called kings. Only the Holy Roman Empire is called the Emperor, because it claims to be the successor and continuation of the Roman Empire.
France
After the French Revolution, Napoleon restored the monarchy. Because the title of King (roi) was extremely unpopular in France after the Revolution, it symbolized decadence, despotism and arrogance, so Napoleon called himself the emperor instead of the king. From then on, the title of "emperor" has a high-sounding and superior taste to the king. Therefore, in 1804, the Grand Duke of Austria, Hungarian and Bohemian King Franz Ii announced the adoption of the title of "Austrian Emperor" and gave up the title of Holy Roman Emperor in 1806. 1867, the Austrian Empire implemented a dual monarchy and changed to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Austrian emperor also served as the king of Hungary (instead of the Hungarian emperor, the Kingdom of Hungary had its own parliament and government).
Russia
172 1 year, the Russian Senate awarded Tsar Peter I the title of General, which was commensurate with his stronger monarchical power and bigger country. The Russian Senate directly presented the Latin title of the Roman emperor to Peter. This is also one of the achievements of Peter the Great in absorbing western culture. Before that, the supreme ruler of Russia was called "Tsar", which means "Caesar".
Prussia
The "emperor" in Germany refers to Caesar, Caesar, not the head of state. The title of "Holy Roman Emperor" is written in German as R? Mischel Kaiser, written in Latin as Emperor of Rome. It all means "Emperor of Rome". /kloc-after the 0/8th century, many European countries became autocratic monarchies, and the title of emperor was often used as the title of autocratic monarch. There were only three emperors in Europe at that time: France (Napoleon), Austria and Russia. 1850, the German Bundestag once awarded the title of King and Emperor of Prussia, but it was rejected. 187 1 year, after the Franco-Prussian War ended and Germany was unified, the king of Prussia accepted this title.
Britain, England
Britain has always been a kingdom. Queen Victoria was crowned Queen of India and succeeded the Mughal Emperor. Her title is "God Bless the Queen of Great Britain, Ireland and Overseas Territories, Defender of the Church of God, Queen of India"
This is the origin of the so-called "British Empire". But to be exact, it should be said that there are two countries with the same monarch, the Kingdom of Great Britain (and its overseas territories) and the Indian Empire. The direct ruler of Britain in India is the Governor-General, literally translated as "Deputy King" and literally translated as "Governor". British emperors are called emperors and queens are called queens.
After Queen Victoria, the British monarch addressed men as "the great emperor king". Only King Edward VII, King George V and King George VI have used this title. Edward VIII abdicated before he was crowned, India became independent during George VI, and the title of Indian emperor was cancelled.
other
Since Peter I and Napoleon took the title of "Emperor" as the title and symbol of great emperors, monarchs of some small countries also called themselves emperors, such as the Brazilian emperor from Portugal, the Austrian Grand Duke maximilian who claimed to be the Mexican emperor, and so on. After Haiti's independence, there was once a slave-born black emperor-Henry I, and there was also an Ethiopian emperor, but the more accurate translation is "the king of Wangs, the lion of the Jews". Because in Ethiopia, the king is also a noble title like a duke and an earl. President bokassa of the Central African Republic was also crowned emperor in 1970s.
Huns used Khan, Turks and Mongols used Khan. Japan used the title of Emperor probably in the Sui Dynasty, and the earliest written record of the Japanese Emperor was the Pure Bird Imperial Order written by Emperor Tianwu around 673-688. China called the Japanese head of state emperor in Tongzhi and Guangxu periods of Qing Dynasty. After the Li and Ruan Dynasties, Vietnamese monarchs called themselves emperors at home, but they were called kings in China. Korea became an empire after 1896, and its king Li Xi was renamed Emperor.
There are many kingdoms in the world today, most of which are constitutional monarchy. The emperor is only symbolic and has little real power. According to small-scale statistics, there are 29 existing kingdoms, including Asia 14, Europe 1 1, Africa 3 and Oceania 1.
Puyi, the last emperor of China, has been dead for 40 years, and Baoda, the last emperor of Vietnam, died in France the year before last. How many descendants of emperors are there in the world? Founding, governing and subjugating the country, and the rise and fall of dynasties are all inseparable from the emperor. Kings have become a historical term, and there will never be an emperor in China, leaving a lot of historical materials for future generations to explore. To study the history of China, we must start with "the study of emperors".
How many emperors are there in China? Opinions vary. If we only count from Qin Shihuang, there are 2 in Qin Dynasty, 3 1 in Han Dynasty,1in Three Kingdoms,1in Jin Dynasty, 78 in Wuhu Sixteen States, 59 in Southern and Northern Dynasties, 3 in Sui Dynasty, 22 in Tang Dynasty, 55 in Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, and 60 in Song Dynasty. There were 12 people in the Qing Dynasty, as well as Nanming and Beiyuan, others such as Li Zicheng and Zhang, and Yuan Shikai, the father and son of Hong Xiuquan of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. They were even called Emperor Hong Xiandi for only two months, adding up to 408 people.
But if you add the kings, princes and marquis of the Eastern Zhou, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States in 840 years before Qin Shihuang, it will be even more. These Wang Yongyuan are *** 12 1, 217,23. If you count the 60 emperors in Shang and Xia Dynasties before the Zhou Dynasty, there should be 829 emperors in China.