The origin of snowmobile movement
Snowmobile is a kind of collective sled, which uses rudder and steering wheel to control the sliding movement on artificial ice track. 1924 was listed as an official event in the first Winter Olympics. A snowmobile is made of metal and shaped like a boat. The front of the snowmobile is covered with a streamlined hood. The front part of the bottom of the car body is a pair of rudder plates; The upper part is connected with the steering wheel, and the rear part of the vehicle bottom is a pair of fixed parallel slideways, and the rear part is equipped with brakes.
Now the snowmobile events in the Winter Olympics refer to the original events in bobsleigh and bobsleigh. The former International Federation of bobsleigh and bobsleigh is now called the International Snowmobile Federation. The following is an introduction to the old name of sleigh.
Bobsleigh, also known as "long sled", is one of the sled sports. It is a kind of collective sledding, which uses rudder and steering wheel to control sliding on artificial ice channel. 1924 was listed as an official event in the first Winter Olympics. The sled is made of metal and shaped like a boat. The head of the sled is covered with a streamlined outer cover. The front of the bottom of the sled is a pair of rudder plates; The upper part is connected with the steering wheel, and the rear part of the sliding bottom is a pair of fixed parallel skateboards. The tail of the sled is equipped with a brake.
1883, the British put the sled on the sled. In the second year, an open competition was held, which attracted many people to participate. 1890, enthusiasts made a sleigh with a metal rudder and brakes, which was called bobsleigh.
1898 1 In June, Crestron acquired another four-seater bobsleigh. Crestrom's slide is a natural snowy road. As the speed of sledges is getting faster and faster, accidents such as crossing and overturning often occur, so people gradually come up with ways to build more turning lanes on steep slopes in order to slow down, and freeze the surface of the snow trail into ice, and add protective walls on both sides of the snow trail. On this snowy road, the average speed can reach 90~ 100 km, and the highest speed can reach 120 km.
1903 the first artificial sled line was built in St. Moritz. At the beginning of the 20th century, the rules stipulated that only men were allowed to participate in sled races, and the number of crew members was reduced from 5 to 4.
The International Federation of bobsleigh was founded in 1923+065438+ 10. At first, it also included the bobsleigh Movement. It was not until 1957 that the bobsleigh Movement was separated and the International bobsleigh Federation was established. The women's competition began in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
Rudder-less snowmobile movement
Rudder snowmobiles are also called "sports sledges" or "single sledges". A sport in which riding (lying) on a sled controls the sled to turn and slide at high speed by changing its body posture. There is no rudder at the front of the sled and no brakes at the back. The upper part of the skateboard is a bracket. The inclined part in front of the skateboard can turn flexibly and conveniently, but the device is not allowed to operate the rudder and brake of the skateboard. The weight of a single seat is not allowed to exceed 20 kg, and the weight of a double seat is not allowed to exceed 22 kg.
The competition is divided into three groups: men's single seat, men's double seat and women's single seat. During the competition, the athlete sits on the sled, pushes the sled backwards by hand with the help of the starting railing, and lies on his back when sliding. He pulls the sled belt with one hand and lies flat on his body, changing the posture of his shoulders and legs, turning the sled and making it slide down the ice track quickly. When reaching the finish line, the athletes must sit on the sleigh, otherwise the results will not count. Single-seat roller skating 4 times, and the competition period is two days; Double skating twice, the competition cycle is one day. The person with less time wins. When the results are equal, the winner is the one with the best downhill performance. The order of departure is determined by drawing lots.
The minimum length of the ice lane of the rudderless snowmobile should not be less than 1200m, and the uphill length accounts for about 12% of the total length of the ice lane. The whole ice course is straight and curved, which makes this sport full of excitement. At the end of the ice course is an uphill slope so that athletes can stop.
Rudder snowmobiles first spread in northern Europe. The first racing car was designed and manufactured by Matisse, a mechanical expert in St Moritz, Switzerland, in 1887. It consists of two skids and a wooden skid frame, which is weighted by lead blocks. The slide rail is fixed at the bottom of the slide rail frame. At the beginning of the 20th century, the sled was made of iron, which was made of round iron with a diameter of1.5 ~ 2cm by bending and welding. The weight of the whole sled shall not exceed 50 kg, the length shall not exceed 70 cm and the width shall not exceed 38 cm. During the competition, the venue requirements are very strict, and the line design must conform to the cross letters of ancient northern Europe. Its length is 12 14m. The height difference between the starting point and the ending point is157m. Whole journey 10 turn. At 1928 and 1948, it was listed as an official event of the Winter Olympics twice.
From 65438 to 0957, the International Federation of bobsleigh was formally established, and it was decided to hold the bobsleigh Games from the 9th Winter Olympics. In non-Winter Olympics, the World Championships, European Championships and various cups are held every year. There are three events in bobsleigh: men's singles, doubles and women's singles. The length of male thread is about 1000m, and the length of female thread is about 800m m. 1964 was listed as the official event of the 9th Winter Olympics. Luge slide luge competition facilities. A trough-shaped slide built on the basis of concrete or wood. The width of the road is 1.30 ~ 1.50m, and the retaining walls on both sides of the slideway need to be iced. The race track length is 1000~ 1400 m for men and 800~ 1200 m for women. Curves with a radius of 8m are 1 1~ 18. The average slope of the slideway is the same for men and women, ranging from 4 to10. The height difference between the starting point and the ending point is 70 ~ 130m. Steel frame snowmobile movement
Steel-frame snowmobile, also known as rudderless snowmobile and prone plow, is a kind of sports event extended on the basis of traditional snowmobile.
The steel snowmobile originated in St Moritz, a Swiss mountain town in the19th century, and may be the first skating project. The first steel snowmobile competition was held in 1884. Participants held a race on the icy road, sliding from St. Moritz to Celery. The winner got a bottle of champagne as a reward. 1887 began to appear similar to the current prone snowmobile posture. 1892, it was officially named skeleton, because the shape of this snowmobile is similar to that of human bones, and it is also called skeleton snowmobile.
The snowmobile project with steel frame once competed in the 1928 Olympic Games in St Moritz, Switzerland, and was divided into one competition for men and one for women. It was not until 20 years later that St. Moritz hosted the Winter Olympics again and included steel snowmobiles in the competition. However, the steel snowmobile project was cancelled after the 1948 Winter Olympics because of the high risk, which interrupted the history of the Olympic Games. It was not until the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City in 2002 that it became the Winter Olympics again. In the first two competitions, the women's team only joined the men's team and the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics.