Rules of speed skating competition, skating is a competitive sport, of course, there are many people who like skating, and there are many kinds of skating. Skating is not a simple matter, so we need to master certain skills, so let's learn about the rules of speed skating competition.
Rules of Speed Skating Competition 1 During the speed skating competition, an athlete can overtake his opponent at any time, but if he does something illegal, such as deliberately pushing other opponents and secretly leaving the track. , they will be disqualified.
In the relay race, each team has four athletes. Athletes are not allowed to deliberately push other opponents, steal, slide off the runway, overtake illegally, slow down without reason, and exceed the receiving area. These are illegal acts and will be disqualified.
The technical level of speed skating is improved with the continuous improvement of training. At first, people took part in speed skating and only practiced on the ice in winter. Later, some people increased the content of physical training during the ice-free period, which promoted the improvement of speed skating performance.
Development of Speed Skating Rules in Winter Olympics
In 1950s, world famous athletes began to carry out relatively perfect annual training plans. With the continuous improvement of speed skating training theory, absorbing the training experience of other events and improving training equipment, sports skills have been greatly improved.
Speed skating is a periodic exercise with a specific speed in a low temperature environment, so speed skating training should closely combine comprehensive physical training with special physical training, aerobic metabolism with anaerobic metabolism training, cardiopulmonary system with muscle system training, and dynamic and static strength training to implement comprehensive training.
To train high-level speed skaters, it is necessary to carry out systematic training for many years from an early age. According to the characteristics of children's growth and development, in general, a training cycle is about 3 years, and it takes 3 ~ 4 cycles to train an excellent speed skater.
Rules of Speed Skating Competition 2 Rules of Speed Skating Competition
Speed skating track is long and fast, so wind resistance should be considered in competition clothes. Tights connect the hat, coat and trousers into a whole and are made of elastic materials. After strict wind tunnel test, the resistance is minimized. Klepp's new skates are unique. Only the front point of the skates is fixedly connected with the skates, and the back point is not fixed with the skates, which prolongs the sliding distance, optimizes the action structure and improves the sliding speed.
In the individual competition, two players in each group will be decided by internal and external lottery. Every time the two sides slide, they will exchange trajectories and rank according to the sliding results. Those who spend less time will win.
Team chase, 2 teams in each group, 3 people in each team, and start from the opposite straight. After eight laps of men's skating and six laps of women's skating, the winner will be decided by the time to finally cross the finish line.
In the group competition, the athletes stand in several rows at the starting point, with a maximum of 6 people in each row. On the first lap after departure, you can only follow the skater 1 and wait until you fire your gun again to accelerate overtaking.
Winter Olympics speed skating
Speed skating competition venues
Speed skating track: it is divided into standard track and other tracks. The standard runway consists of two straight runways and two semicircular curves with radian of 180, forming two closed runways.
The maximum circumference is 400 meters and the minimum circumference is 333.33 meters. The turning radius of the two runways shall not be less than 25 meters and not more than 26 meters. If the standard speed skating runway cannot be drawn, other specifications of the runway can be specified, and a double runway with a total length of not less than 300 meters and an inner curve radius of not less than 18 meters can be drawn. The lane change area is not less than 40 meters, and the width of each track is not less than 2 meters.
The dividing line of speed skating track: The two tracks should be separated by a neat bisector and extend to the lane change area (the dividing line of straight curve segment). Make sure the snow line doesn't freeze on the ice. If there is no snow, you can use rubber, wood blocks or other suitable substances with a width of 5 cm to paint a coordinated color instead of the snow line. In this case, the spacing between the front and rear blocks of 1 5m in the bend is 50 cm, the spacing between blocks in the middle of the bend is1m, and the spacing between blocks on the straight road is10m. Whether other boundaries conform to the rules shall be decided by the presiding judge.
Rules for accident prevention of speed skating: In order to avoid accidents everywhere, the runway should be measured and verified before the competition and approved by the referee. It is not allowed to mark the runway with fixed stakes or similar things. The practice track of the standard track should be at least 3m wide, and protective objects should be set outside bends and straights to prevent accidents. When the snow wall cannot be set, a protective mat with a thickness of at least 15cm shall be provided.
Measurement and marking of speed skating track: the track is calculated as 0.50 meters away from the inner edge (lane) of the track. The starting and finishing lines should be clearly marked with colored lines. All the starting and ending points are at right angles to the straight line or the extension line of the straight line, and the correct curve angle and curvature should be drawn; The preliminary starting line should be 1 m away from the starting line; 5 meters before the finish line, draw a clear color line every 1 meter (line width 5 cm;
The finish line is red, the rest is blue, and the preparatory starting line is dotted). For the standard 400-meter runway, the starting line of 500 meters should be set on the straight line of the terminal building and at right angles to the straight line. The starting line of 1000m should be located in the middle of the lane change area, and its finish line depends on the starting line. The starting line of the lane within 1500m should be at right angles to the extension line of the straight lane. For other runways, try to avoid marking the end point on the curve.
speed skating
Speed skating equipment
Speed skating equipment mainly includes elastic tight-fitting one-piece skating clothes and skates, the main purpose of which is to improve the skating speed of athletes.
Roller skates: The roller skates currently used are usually divided into traditional roller skates and new roller skates. The new skates are made of carbon fiber and heat-shrinkable plastic shell, which can reduce the weight of skates, improve the rigidity, reduce the load on legs, strengthen the support stability, ensure the comfort of different feet and enhance the skating efficiency.
Ice skates: blade 1 mm wide, 40~45 cm long. The advanced speed skating skates used in the competition are made of high-quality high-carbon steel and light alloy, which reduces the overall weight while ensuring the rigidity of the skates, and the blades are very wear-resistant. The skates are under the skates and longer than the skates. The soleplate and blade are the main parts of roller skates. In addition, roller skates also include blade tubes, front and rear tool holders, front and rear trays and other components.
Roller skates are fixed on the sole. The front and back of skates are longer than skates. The front end is 8-9 cm longer than the toe, and the back end is 5-6 cm longer than the heel. There is a difference in the position of skates between the left foot and the right foot, which is determined by the direction of the curve in the game. When cornering, the athlete leans to the left. In order to adapt to curve skating, when loading skates, the toe of the left foot should be between the big toe and the second toe, and the toe of the right foot should be at the position of the big toe. No matter which foot it is, the end of the skates should be in the middle of the heel.
Speed skates are different from figure skates and ice hockey skates. The difference is mainly reflected in height, length, thickness and weight. Among the three kinds of skates, the height of speed skates is between the other two kinds of skates, neither too high nor too low. Speed skates are the longest, thinnest and lightest of the three kinds of skates. In order to keep a good straight slide, the skates of speed skates are flat.
Speed skating competition rule 3 What's the difference between short track speed skating and speed skating?
Before skating, you should wear protective gear, including helmet, knee pads, elbow pads and gloves. Protective gear can not only protect skaters, but also make you feel safe, let you let go of your hands and feet, not afraid of falling, and study bravely. Skaters are warned to lean over, bend their legs and move their center of gravity forward when skating. Even if you slip, you should fall forward, so that you won't fall off the tailbone and let the skater learn to protect himself.
Speed skating:
Speed skating is a sport that allows human beings to reach the fastest speed on the plane without external force. The fastest speed of an Olympic champion can exceed 60 km/h, and the race is held on a 400-meter-long runway, which is connected by two straight lines and two arcs of 180 degrees, and divided into two lanes, namely, the inner lane and the outer lane, with a width of 5 meters. The inner ring radius of the inner runway is 25m, and that of the outer runway is 30m.
Short track speed skating:
The area of the competition venue is 30× 60m, the length of each lap of the oval track is11.12m, the straight line width is not less than 7m, the curve radius is 8m, and the straight line length is 28.85m Black rubber blocks are placed at the corners at both ends of the venue as marking lines, which also increases the safety of the competition. Athletes are not allowed to sneak into the sign line. There is no sign line in the straight-ahead area, so you can slide at will.
Speed skating:
Speed skating skates are composed of blades, blade tubes, front tool rest, front tool rest, front tray, rear tool rest and rear tray. The blades of modern advanced speed skating knives are mostly made of high-quality high-carbon steel, and other parts are made of light alloy. The soles of speed skating shoes are hard leather, and the skates are fixed on the soles with screws or rivets.
The blade is only 1 mm wide and 40 to 45 cm long. This is polished by hand. Roller skates are polished on a large flat stone with special tools. Nowadays, it is more and more popular to use diamonds to sharpen the blade, but only top players can afford such an expensive fee. The diamond-polished ice front is almost perfect, which is very important for high-speed sliding.
Speed skaters wear special jumpsuits, which are warm and light, and the most important thing is to reduce air resistance. Ski suits must undergo a series of rigorous wind tunnel tests.
Short track speed skating:
Short track speed skaters need to wear helmets, cut-resistant gloves or mittens made of leather, or synthetic gloves without wool; Leggings made of cut-proof and puncture-proof durable materials, as well as standard safety competition clothes; A padded or padded hard-shell kneepad; The roller skate tube must be closed, the blade root must be round, the minimum radius is 10 mm, and the blade tube must be fixed on the shoe at least at two points without moving parts; All athletes must wear neck protectors approved by the International Skating Association.
The skates used are different:
It is worth mentioning that the skates used in the two projects are also different. The main feature of speed skating is high speed, so the blade of speed skating knife is very long, narrow and flat, with large ice kicking area and small friction resistance, and the waist of shoes is short to reduce the center of gravity and air resistance. Short track speed skating skates are characterized by short blade body, curved blade bottom, small contact area with ice surface, and easy to slide in an arc when turning. The blade of the roller skates is high, and when the inclination of the roller skates is large, the roller skates will not touch the ice.
The handle of modern advanced short-track speed skating knife is not a barrel, but a movable plate. Athletes can adjust the blade of the knife tube to the left or right at any time according to competition events or personal habits to meet their own needs.
Speed skating:
At the beginning, athletes take a squat posture to produce a strong explosive force. In the long-distance race, a runner can put one or two arms behind his back to increase aerodynamic force and save physical strength.
Players are divided into two groups, and the passing arrangement and starting order are randomly determined by drawing lots. After the starting gun sounded, two players in the same group slid counterclockwise around the ice track and reached the finish line first. Because the speed is too fast, the results are often very close, and it takes one hundredth of a second to work out. Players in each group are allowed to run first, and if a player fouls for the second time, he will be disqualified. After each lap, the players of both sides exchange the positions of the inside and outside lanes in the exchange area to ensure that the total distance between the skaters of both sides is the same. Players outside the driveway have the priority to change lanes.
Team chase first entered the Winter Olympic Games in 2006. In the competition, three players from each team set off at the same time on one side of the track, and the players took turns to lead the skaters. The other players followed closely behind the airflow. When the last runner crossed the finish line, the team finished the game, and the competition was eliminated until the final.
Short track speed skating:
In the short track speed skating competition, athletes can surpass their opponents at any time without violating the rules. The top two in the group advance to the next round until the last four are decided.