The so-called academic system is the educational system of the school, which involves the nature of the school, training objectives, admission conditions, study years and so on. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, the ancients had run an official school, which was called Xu or Dong at that time. By the Western Zhou Dynasty, the academic system had developed.
According to the Book of Rites: "Admission in the following year, middle-aged assessment. One year, you can distinguish between classics and records, three years, you can respect your career and music groups, five years, you can learn from your teachers, and seven years, you can learn from your theory and make friends, which is called small success; Nine years of knowing that the class is accessible, strong but not reversed, is called Dacheng. " In other words, once a year and once every other year. One year's study to identify your ambition, three years' study to see if you are attentive and close to your classmates, five years' study to see if you are knowledgeable and close to your teacher, and seven years' study to see if you have an independent mind and the ability to choose friends have all been achieved, that is to say, you have mastered the basic knowledge and skills. If by the time of nine years, you can draw inferences, be strong and independent, and do not violate the cultivation of teachers, that is a great achievement, which shows that your studies have reached a mature level.
During the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, established the imperial academy, which was an important progress of the ancient academic system in China. There is no definite study period in imperial academy, but the examination is very strict. In the Western Han Dynasty, the exam was taken once a year, and the way was "setting subjects and shooting strategies", which is equivalent to today's lottery question and answer. In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the examination was changed to two years, and those who passed the examination were awarded official positions, otherwise they stayed to continue their studies. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, official schools began to make clear regulations on students' ages and study years. For example, law students are between the ages of 18 and 25, and their study period is six years. There are three kinds of exams: ten-day exam, old exam and graduation exam. The ten-day exam covers the courses learned in ten days, and those who fail will be punished. The content of the annual review is the courses completed within one year, and those who fail are repeated; If you pass the graduation exam, you will be qualified for the imperial examination, otherwise you will be ordered to drop out of school.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi practiced the "three-house law" in imperial academy, which divided students into three grades: outer house, inner house and upper house. Students must pass the exam according to their academic level and be promoted in turn. Since then,