20 14- 12-07 | Ruichun | Transfer to Tibet (3)
-Ask about the whereabouts of lottery funds 1.7 trillion.
Xinhuanet Beijing 65438+February 7th (Reporter Du Fang, Wei Donghua) Recently, the National Audit Office conducted a large-scale audit of lottery funds. According to official data, China has launched lottery business for more than 20 years, and the issuance scale has reached10.7 trillion yuan. As a "public welfare fund" to mobilize social forces to participate in welfare undertakings and sports undertakings, its use is clearly defined-usually 15% of lottery sales is used for distribution fees, 35% for public welfare funds and 50% for bonus pools.
Lottery funds are social welfare funds raised by lottery, which should be "taken from the people and used by the people". According to the investigation of Xinhua Viewpoint reporter, there is a big difference between the lottery issuance fee and the use of public welfare fund, and the standard and destination are vague. On the one hand, the issue fee standard has remained high for many years; On the other hand, there are a large number of public welfare funds in the accounts of local governments, and some of them are used for Gai Lou, buying yachts and making up the deficit.
Lottery "issuing fee": 10 has increased by more than 7 times, and the operation space is not small.
According to the data of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of March 20 14 14, the cumulative sales volume of China welfare lottery has reached 1 more than 100 million yuan since its establishment in 1987. The reporter learned from the Sports Lottery Management Center of the State Sports General Administration that as of April this year, the 20th anniversary of the issuance of sports lottery in China has reached more than 700 billion yuan. According to the sales volume of more than 300 billion yuan last year, it is equivalent to that every China person spends more money on lottery tickets than 200 yuan.
According to reports, the lottery issuance costs are in the rebate of betting stations, consumables procurement, publicity and marketing, personnel expenses and so on. Local lottery management institutions have certain autonomy on how to use them. "With the basic completion of the purchase of basic equipment and the popularity of online electronic lottery tickets, in recent years, the follow-up investment in lottery issuance has actually decreased relatively." Li Gang, an associate professor at the School of Finance of Shanghai Normal University who has long studied lottery funds, introduced.
However, the reporter's investigation found that with the rapid growth of lottery sales, the distribution fee of lottery funds 15% has also increased significantly. Not only is it difficult to implement the policy requirement of "standards decrease with scale", but there is also "operating space" in use:
-the standard does not drop all the year round, resulting in high-priced issuance. A series of regulations on lottery management in China clearly put forward that with the expansion of lottery issuance scale and variety, the proportion of lottery issuance fees can be reduced. However, insiders said that because this requirement is not mandatory, the issuance fee standards of most lottery varieties have not been adjusted for more than ten years, which has become a "thick line" constraint.
Tao Yixin, head of the propaganda department of Zhejiang Welfare Lottery Distribution Management Center, said that 10 years ago, the local welfare lottery sales were 560 million yuan, and now it has reached more than 10 billion yuan. According to the standards of different lottery issuance rates, in 20 13 years, the welfare lottery issuance fee in this province reached nearly1800 million yuan. According to the data of the Ministry of Finance, in 20 13, the national lottery sales amounted to 309.3 billion yuan, while in 2004 it was less than 40 billion yuan. According to experts' calculations, after 2002, the issuing interest rates of major lottery varieties basically remained at 13% to 15%, and the issuing expenses increased by more than seven times during 10.
-frequent procurement rent-seeking corruption. A person in charge of a listed printing company revealed that at present, advertisements, games and other graphics and texts are printed on the back of each lottery ticket, which needs to be printed by outsourcing enterprises. "Most provinces are printed by one or two companies for a long time, and it is not known through what channels to obtain business." Little known is that the printing and paper supply business of thin lottery tickets is also "amazing".
Take Hongbo, a listed lottery printing company, for example. In 20 13 years, its main business income was about 7110 million yuan, of which the gross profit margin of printing business was as high as 34%. Audit institutions also found out that Zhang Weihua, former deputy director of the National Sports Lottery Center, and Liu Feng, former director of the printing department, bought high-priced thermal paper for lottery tickets, resulting in a loss of 234 1 10,000 yuan in national lottery issuance fees.
-spending money indiscriminately, even "money can't be spent." Wang Zengxian, the former director of Qingdao Fucai Distribution Center, who was accused of corruption of 47.44 million yuan, spent 20 million yuan to buy the top luxury yacht in China at that time. According to the bidding documents of Guangdong Provincial Government Procurement Center obtained by the reporter, from 20 1 10 in 2003, a lottery management center in Guangdong Province also announced that it would lower the bidding requirements when purchasing beer, and a food store in Nansha District of Guangzhou won the bid with 988950 yuan.
Building a government building to make up for the office deficit, half of the lottery public welfare fund is "sleeping"
"The essence of lottery is to raise public welfare funds from the society through special government undertakings. The ultimate goal is not to make a profit, not to gamble and entertain, but to supplement public welfare expenditure by people buying lottery tickets. " Shi said, director of the Finance and Tax Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law. Since the establishment of Welfare Lottery and Sports Lottery for more than 20 years, China has raised more than 3 10 billion yuan, and the public welfare fund has more than 200 billion yuan. Where are these public welfare funds that should have been "taken from the people and used by the people"?
The reporter learned that according to the regulations, after the lottery center turned over to the public welfare fund at a rate of 35%, how to spend it is a matter for the competent government department. Take the welfare lottery as an example, half of the public welfare fund is turned over to the central government and the other half is left at the local level. The part turned over to the central government shall be distributed to social security funds, special public welfare funds, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the State Sports General Administration in the proportion of 60%, 30%, 5% and 5%; Those who stay in the local area will also be used for five types of public welfare undertakings: "helping the elderly, helping the disabled, saving orphans, helping the poor and providing disaster relief".
But in reality, some local public welfare funds are inefficient, or "sleeping" or reduced to "small treasury":
-"Sleep on the account." By the end of 20 12, the unused sports lottery public welfare fund in Shandong province was 425 million yuan, of which 4 cities and 34 counties accounted for more than half of the allocated amount in that year; As of February 20 10, the accumulated balance of Shanghai welfare lottery public welfare fund was 64180,000 yuan, accounting for more than 80% of the total raised public welfare fund.
According to industry insiders, it is a common phenomenon that half of local public welfare funds "sleep on their accounts". The person in charge of the financial department of a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu said that although it is clear that lottery funds can be used to supplement the social security fund, in fact, "this money has never really been used." "The reason is how this money is divided into the power of the department, even if it is not spent."
The relevant person in charge of Zhejiang Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center said that the retained funds are often for "big projects". Some lottery grassroots staff admit that there is no lack of political achievements. For example, give priority to the special funds of the department, or save them for a rainy day.
-Gai Lou rents a house. Even under the banner of public welfare, funds have been misappropriated repeatedly. According to the report of Shanghai Audit Bureau, in 2009, the city spent16.43 million yuan on the public welfare fund for the renovation of stadiums and gymnasiums, but the actual expenditure was 5.43 million yuan for the renovation of office buildings in stadiums and gymnasiums, the renovation of rental houses and the purchase of office equipment, and the expenditure beyond the prescribed scope accounted for nearly 30% of the total expenditure.
In fact, it is very common that lottery public welfare funds used for public welfare undertakings are used by civil affairs, sports and other competent departments to buy cars in Gai Lou. According to the announcement of the Audit Office of Hubei Province, Ezhou Civil Affairs Bureau misappropriated 388,000 yuan of public welfare funds for the construction of office buildings; There are also 13 cities, prefectures and 28 counties, and the sports bureau has misappropriated the public welfare fund by about1780,000 yuan.
-used for office expenses. Wang Yongjun, dean of the Institute of Finance and Economics of the Central University of Finance and Economics, said that the lottery public welfare fund should not be used to balance the general budget, but the current design of the lottery management system has obvious departmental color, and it has become "which department sells lottery tickets and which department benefits". Department funds are insufficient, made up by the public welfare fund. For example, the Civil Affairs Bureau of Songzi City, Hubei Province misappropriated the lottery public welfare fund of 6.5438+0.3 million yuan for government funds, and the Civil Affairs Bureau of Jingmen City misappropriated 398,000 yuan for the payment of wages.
Accelerate the reform and avoid the public welfare fund becoming a "small treasury"
In fact, as early as 200 1 year, the Notice of the State Council on Further Standardizing Lottery Management pointed out that there were some problems such as the high proportion of lottery issuance expenses and the narrow use scope of lottery public welfare funds. At the same time, the reform direction of "reducing the issuance cost and increasing the lottery public welfare fund" was clarified.
In the interview, the reporter learned that "too many involved links", "too many coveted departments" and "too much personal power" are outstanding problems in lottery fund management, and the income of public welfare funds at all levels is often far greater than the expenditure of that year. Experts believe that this inefficient situation actually violates the original intention of setting up lottery business.
In recent years, many leaders of the National Sports Lottery Center and lottery centers in Shaanxi and Qingdao have fallen. "In the use of public funds, it is necessary to reduce the examination and approval links and speed up the utilization efficiency of funds." Liu Qiao, a professor at Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, said. Some experts suggest that the public welfare fund can be converted into gambling tax, and financial resources can be used as a whole to avoid interception.
Shi suggested that the marketization of public institutions and the separation of management and operation should also be accelerated to decouple the lottery business from the administrative department. It is understood that in the lottery issuance management, "the top leaders are also officials and businessmen, controlling hundreds of millions of funds" is an important reason for the failure of fund management. With the rapid growth of sales volume, the contradiction between lottery management institutions and operating institutions has become increasingly prominent.
Experts suggest that in the reform, we can legislate specifically for the lottery industry and set up a supervision Committee separated from the department to supervise according to law; The allocation of funds should also be included in the national budget to ensure the full use of special projects and avoid the formation of departmental balances. Zhang Zhanbin, director of the Economics Department of the National School of Administration, believes that lottery funds need to improve performance. "If the regulatory system is too broad or flawed, there will be problems such as misappropriation of funds, and even this public welfare industry will become a high-risk area for corruption."