The Han Dynasty founded by Liu Bang is one of the greatest dynasties in China history. It has had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese nation in politics, military affairs, art and clothing. In ancient times, Han people called themselves "Huaxia" and "Zhu Xia". It was because of the Han Dynasty that they were called "Han people".
In the impression of most people, when talking about the Han Dynasty, most people think of the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Shu-Han regime established by Liu Bei in Chengdu. However, in history, in addition to the Han Dynasty and the Dynasty, there are more than a dozen dynasties and political powers with "Han" as the national title.
1. Xuanhan
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power and implemented a series of reform measures. Although it is quite effective in a short time, it has many disadvantages in the long run, even touching the interests of the aristocratic class. In less than ten years, the rebels were scattered in every corner of the new Wang Mang dynasty. Liu Xuan is a descendant of the nobility in the Western Han Dynasty. He devoted himself to outlaws and was proclaimed emperor by Feng Wang, Mu Chen and others. Change "General to the DPRK" to "Emperor Gengzi" and name it "Han" to show the orthodoxy of the Han Dynasty and restore the Han family. In September of the first year of the new starting point, the chivalrous man invaded Weiyang Palace in Chang 'an, Wang Mang died and the new dynasty perished. Xuanhan became the only legal regime at that time. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, heroes all over the world surrendered and almost recovered the world. The Han Dynasty ruled the world again. It is worth mentioning that Shu Han is also called "Han Ji". One explanation is that according to the order of "describing ping", the former "describing ping" should refer to the Western Han Dynasty, Xuanhan Dynasty and Eastern Han Dynasty.
In the second year of a fresh start, Liu Xuan moved to Chang 'an, believing that the world was settled. He began to indulge in debauchery and ignore the government. Soon, the rebels who had just surrendered in the four seas began to rebel one after another. Three years after the Red Army invaded Chang 'an again, Liu Xuan surrendered two months later. Emperor Geng Shi raised horses in the suburbs and was strangled by Xie Lu, the general of the Red Eyebrow Army sent by Qin Bing. A generation of founding monarchs also completely withdrew from the historical stage. The Xuanhan dynasty with a bright future is like a meteor in the long history.
Two. Chimei Korea
Because the late emperor Liu Xuan ignored the government, many new rebels started their journey again, among which the Red Eyebrow Army was one of the most powerful rebels. In June of the third year, Fan Chong, the leader of the Red Eyebrow Army, and other generals decided to "establish the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty and give orders to the world". So 15-year-old Liu Pengzi, the youngest and most controllable relative of the Han nationality, greeted them. After the official "lottery" selection, Liu Bangzi was named emperor with titles of "Han" and "Jianshi". A few months later, the Red Eyebrow Army invaded Chang 'an. Liu Xuan surrendered and was strangled soon after.
After defeating Xuanhan, the red-eyed people did not rule this country. Also in June, a man named Liu Xiu, the founder of the Eastern Han Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Hebei. The Han nationality in China is called "Han nationality", and its title is "Jianwu". This is the truly powerful opponent of Hongmei Army. In October of the first year of Wu Jian, Emperor Guangwu made Luoyang his capital and confronted the Red Eyebrow Army in Chang 'an. Later, the Red Eyebrow Army who fought against the Eastern Han Dynasty retreated from Chang 'an. In the first month of the third year of its founding, the Red Army was surrounded and demanded to surrender. Liu Xiu treated Liu Bangzi and his generals well, let them live in Luoyang and gave them land. Although Fan Chong and other generals of the Red Eyebrow Army rebelled, Liu Xiu was always very kind to Liu Bangzi, and ordered Xingyang official land tax to pay Liu Bangzi's living expenses. In the end, Liu Pengzi died of natural causes.
Three.
The Eight Kings Rebellion broke out in the Western Jin Dynasty. People's livelihood is depressed and the people suffer. When King Sima Ying of Chengdu was attacked by the enemy
In 304 AD, Liu Yuan claimed to be "Hanwang" and named "Han" as "Yuan" under the banner of "Xing Han" on the grounds of his nephew's death. He also worshipped Liu Chan as the filial piety king, and built three-ancestor and five-ancestor shrines under Emperor Gaozu. In 308 AD, Liu Yuan officially proclaimed himself emperor, and changed his country name to "Yongfeng". Although Emperor Han Zhaodi was only 26 years old, he was the first state power to enter the Central Plains in history, and one of the founders of the situation of "Sixteen Countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty", which added many colors to the great integration of the Chinese nation.
4. Cheng Han
When Zhao Han established the Imperial Capital in the north of Liu Yuan, it was also in this year that officials established an animal husbandry city in the southwest, calling themselves "King of Chengdu" and being named "Jianxing". Since People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded three years ago, Li Xiong has been rated as "Dacheng". Li Xiong continued to expand its territory through military force, pushing Seoul to the top. Although Li Xiong made great achievements, he didn't make his son a prince. Officials believe that improper storage will bring disaster and confusion to future generations. Despite the advice of ministers, Li Xiong chose Li Ban, the son of his nephew and brother Li Dang, as the prince.
After Li Xiong's death, Li Ban succeeded to the throne. Less than a year later, Li Xiong's sons Li Qi and Li Yue conspired to kill Li Ban. Ricky is the emperor. He changed his title to "Yuheng". Because Li Qi's important figures are incompetent mediocrities in governing the country, Han Chengdi's ruling and opposition parties are declining day by day, and civil strife emerges one after another. In the fourth year, Li's uncle Li Shou led the army into Chengdu. Li was abolished by the county government and imprisoned in another palace. He committed suicide in anger. Li Shou took over Chengdu and proclaimed himself emperor. He changed his name to "Han", which was called "Cheng Han" in history and later changed his name to "Han surname". Li Shou built a palace in Chengdu and used criminal law to eliminate those who opposed him. Officials panicked. Six years later, Li Shou died of illness and his eldest son, Shi Li, succeeded him. His father Li Shou only built palaces, but Shi Li indulged in debauchery and neglected the government. Four years later, Sima of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Jin Mingdi's husband Huan Wen led an army to attack Shu. Li escaped from the city in the night, but decided to surrender to the Jin army and end the regime.
5. Nanhan
Southern Han was a small political power during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, spanning Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces. Dai joined the army when he was young and made many contributions in the struggle against bandits. At the end of Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao invaded Chang 'an and established Daqi. When Li Keyong crusaded against Huang Chao, Liu Qian was appointed as the secretariat of Fengzhou. Liu Qian set up his own foundation in Fengzhou and tried to control it. Fengzhou has also gradually prospered. After Liu Qian's eldest son Liu Yin succeeded to the throne, his power was further expanded. Zhu Wen abolished Julie, the last emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and established the Hou Liang regime. Liu Qian succeeded in persuading him to be promoted. He was incorporated into several counties in the big and small battles and was the actual founder of the Southern Han regime. After he died of illness, his ordinary brother Liu Jicheng succeeded to the throne. On the surface, Liu surrendered, but in fact he secretly annexed land. After he ascended the throne, Liu attacked and sealed the kings.
After determining the hostile forces in a large area of Lingnan, the time was ripe to be emperor for three years. At first it was called "Ganheng", and later it was called "Yue". He worked as a "Han" in Ganheng for two years, and was called "Nan Han" in history. Although Liu was greedy for money and showed off his wealth, he was everywhere, further expanding the territory of the Southern Dynasties. After Liu's death, later monarchs, such as, and, became immoral and abandoned their officials. Coupled with harsh laws, the Southern Dynasties soon declined. Four years after the treasure was opened in the Northern Song Dynasty, the late emperor Liu Yi had no time to go to sea and had to surrender to Song Taizu. The southern Han regime perished.
6. Post-Han Dynasty
The later Han Dynasty was the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Shatuo Liu Zhiyuan established a dynasty in the Central Plains, ranking third in the dynasties of Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Thursday, connecting the later Jin Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty. Shi Jingtang was the founding hero of the late Tang Dynasty, but he was suspected by the emperor of the late Tang Dynasty and sent troops to crusade against Shi Jingtang. Shi Jingtang couldn't resist, so he had to surrender to the Khitan emperor Lu Ye Deguang, and established the "Houjin" under the condition of ceding sixteen states. General Liu Zhiyuan dissuaded Shi Jingtang at that time, but Shi Jingtang went his own way and left a permanent shame. After Shi Jingtang's death, his adopted son, Shi Zhonggui, succeeded to the throne and became the emperor of the late Jin Dynasty. Although Shi Jingtang claimed that his children and emperor were like the Khitans, Shi Zhonggui had great courage not to succumb to the Khitans, but to go to war with them. This gave the Khitan an excuse to go south. In December of nine years, Qidan conquered Bianjing, was captured and died. Lu Ye Deguang proclaimed himself emperor in Bianjing and changed his name to "Da Liao". After Qidan came to the Central Plains, he was burned, killed and robbed, and his soul was greatly lost. Taking advantage of the chaos in the Central Plains, Liu Zhiyuan seized the opportunity. Because his surname is Liu, he proclaimed himself emperor in Taiyuan under the guise of the Han Dynasty. His name is Han, and he buys people's hearts by various means. Later, Jin Guan gradually joined in. I really deeply felt that the Han people in Central China were not good leaders, so he went back to the North.
Liu Zhiyuan died of illness less than a year after taking office. At the end of the Han Dynasty, his son Liu Chengyou succeeded Yin Di to the throne. Because Liu Chengyou suspected that Guo Wei, the founding hero, wanted to plot against him. Guo Wei had no choice but to launch a crusade in the name of "Qing Border Guard". After the Han army was defeated by Guo Jun, Liu Chengyou fled and was killed by General Guo Yunming at the age of 2 1. Guo Wei proclaimed himself emperor with "Zhou" as the title, which was called "Hou Zhou" in history.
7. Northern Han Dynasty
Liu Chong, the founder of the Northern Han regime, is the younger brother of Liu Zhiyuan, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. In his early years, under the promotion of Liu Zhiyuan, he was promoted several times and became an official in Hedong. In Yin Di, due to the uprising of Guo Wei, the post-Han regime was in jeopardy. Later, Yin Di was killed. Guo Wei wants Liu Chong's son Liu Yun to be emperor. Liu Yun was imprisoned by Guo Wei before he ascended the throne. In 95 1 year, Liu Chong saw the demise of the later Han Dynasty and established his own emperor status in Taiyuan on the basis of the twelve states in Hedong. He continued to take "Han" as his country name, which was called "Northern Han" in history. Therefore, Guo Wei worried that Liu Yun, the son of Liu Chong, would get into endless trouble and sent someone to secretly poison Liu Yun.
Like Shi Jingtang's late Jin Dynasty, the Northern Han Dynasty became a vassal of Liao, equivalent to the "uncle and nephew" of Liao. In the late Zhou Dynasty, Liu Chong joined forces with Liao. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin was a general in the later Zhou Dynasty. Although Liu Chong personally waved the flag and shouted, he still failed to defeat SHEN WOO, a wise man in Zhao Kuangyin, and the Northern Han Army was losing ground. Liu Chong repeatedly went south, and his strength was greatly damaged. His son Rui Liu succeeded to the throne. During Liu Jun's reign, expeditions were reduced and physical strength was restored to a certain extent. Twelve years later, Liu died of illness and his nephew and adopted son succeeded to the throne. Liu's qualification is average, and he has no ability to govern the world. His power was banned by Minister Guo Wuwei. One day, Liu Ji 'en got drunk at a banquet and was killed by the accompanying baron. Rong was killed by Guo Wu. Another nephew and adopted son of Liu Jun, the late Emperor Liu Jiyuan, was declared emperor by Guo Wu. Later, many people suspected that Baron was instigated by Guo Wuwei to kill Jing Zong, and was later killed by Guo Wuwei. Guo Wuwei wanted to surrender to his sworn brother Zhao Kuangyin, who was the son of heaven in the Song Dynasty. However, his deeds were discovered and suspected by Hanting and finally strangled by Liu Jiyuan. At this time, the Northern Han Dynasty had no oil and no light. After ten years of wind and rain, he surrendered to Zhao Guangyi and Song Taizong at the gates of Taiyuan. Northern Han Dynasty was destroyed.
Eight. Chen Han
We may not be familiar with Chen Han, but we all know Chen Youliang. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, people's livelihood was depressed, and insurgents were everywhere. Chen Youliang joined the Red Scarf Army led by Xu Shouhui and was recognized by Xu Shouhui. After many defeats to the Yuan Army, Xu Shouhui's power gradually grew, with Qishui as its capital, and a "Tianwan" regime named Zhiping was established. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 13th year, Qi Shui was breached by the Yuan Army, and the army had to retreat to Jiangxi and Hunan. A year later, under the leadership of Prime Minister Ni Wenjun, the capital moved to Hanyang, and Xu Shouhui's power gradually fell into Ni Wenjun's hands. After another year, Ni Wenjun's desire for power swelled. He tried to kill Xu Shouhui, but the plot failed. He was killed by Chen Youliang when he escaped. Chen Youliang has since taken over the real power of NiWenjun. In 20 AD, Chen Youliang, who claimed to be Hanwang, deceived and killed Xu Shouhui under the temptation of power. A generation of heroes died like this. Chen Youliang also got the title of emperor as he wished. His titles are "Han" and "Dayi".
In twenty-three years, Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang fought in Poyang Lake. At first, the two sides were deadlocked, and each had its own outcome. However, when the weather was clear, the northeast wind suddenly blew. Zhu Yuanzhang took advantage of this situation and launched a fire attack. Chen Youliang's troops and warships were burned countless times, which greatly affected morale. Zhu Yuanzhang's pursuit of victory added a brilliant stroke to the battle of victory and defeat in history. Chen Youliang was shot dead by random arrows. Although Chen Youliang's second son succeeded to the throne with the support of many generals, the regime of Chen Han was already a basket case. In just one year, Zhu Yuanzhang and Chen Han perished. The last ancient regime in the name of "Han" ended.
In addition to the above-mentioned regime name "Han", there are some small regimes and separatist regimes named after "Han". In addition, there are more than a dozen regimes nicknamed "North Korea". Whether we really want to restore the Han Dynasty or use the name of the Han Dynasty, only from this perspective can we see the influence of the Han Dynasty established by the great emperor Liu Bang on later generations.