Curling stone originated in Scotland in the14th century, and is still preserved in Scotland at the age of 15 1 1. At first, curling was a game similar to groundball that Scots played on the ice in winter. The earliest curling competition appeared in the middle of16th century, and then gradually spread to other regions. 1795, the first curling club was established in Scotland. 1838, the first formal competition rules were formulated by the Scottish curling club. Curling was introduced to Canada from 1807, and became popular in the United States and other places from 1820. Since then, curling as a winter sport has gradually developed in Europe and North America. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the efforts of Canadian curling enthusiasts, the rules and methods of this sport were improved, and gradually moved from outdoor to indoor, and the first national curling competition was held in 1927. The picture 1 is a curling stamp issued by Canada 1969. The first world curling championship started at 1959, formerly known as Scotch Whisky Cup, 1968 was renamed Canadian Silver Broom Championship, and 1986 was officially named world curling championship. From 65438 to 0955, curling was introduced to Asia and became very popular in Japan and South Korea.
Curling equipment includes curling, racing shoes and brushes. Curling is made of mica-free granite in Scotland, with a standard diameter of 30 cm, a height of 1 1.5 cm and a weight of 19 kg. Players wear special shoes for competition, and the soles of the two shoes are different in texture. The skater's sole is rubber while the skater's sole is plastic.
The venue for curling is an ice track with a length of 44.5 meters and a width of 4.32 meters, and the ice track must be kept very flat. Draw a circle with a diameter of1.83m at one end of the rink as the player's service area, which is called home plate. A circle is also drawn at the other end of the ice channel, which is called the camp. The camp consists of four concentric circles with radii of 0. 15m, 0.6 1m, 1.22m and 1.83m respectively, with red and blue colors in the middle. There is a blue solid line at the front and back ends of the curling ground, which is called "avant-garde line" and "guard line". After curling, if you don't enter the avant-garde line or cross the back line, it will be considered invalid and will be cleared out.
In curling competition, each game is played by two teams, and each team consists of four players. The game entered the * * * line 10 game. Players from both teams have two curling opportunities, that is, two pitching opportunities. The two teams pitch alternately according to the order of first base, second base, third base and main force. When one player throws the ball, two players of our team quickly brush the ice in front of curling, so that curling can reach the center of the camp accurately. At the same time, in order to keep curling away from the center of the circle, the opposing team members can also sweep the ice in front of curling. When the player throws the ball, he squats down, pushes the ice pedal forward on the pedal device to make his body kneel forward and slide, and at the same time pushes the ball forward from the center of home plate with a curling hand. When he reached the avant-garde line, he let go of curling and slid to the center of the camp in a straight or arc trajectory. While trying to slide the curling to the center of the camp, the bowler can also hit the curling of the opponent out of the camp or his own curling into the center of the camp under the command of the main players. Finally, when both players have finished curling, the winner will be decided according to the distance between curling on the court and the center of the camp. The team with more than one stone 1 minute wins.
1966 The plenary session of the International Curling Federation was established, and 199 1 was changed to the World Curling Federation, which was recognized by the International Olympic Committee. Curling on ice has been listed as a performance item in the Winter Olympics for six times: 1924, 1932, 1936, 1964, 1968 and 1992. 1993, the International Olympic Committee decided that curling should be listed as an official event of the Winter Olympics from 1998. In Asia, curling has been listed as an official competition since the 5th Asian Winter Games. Figure 2 shows the curling sheetlet issued by Cambodia 1994, with the pattern of female athletes participating.
The contestants are divided into two teams, each with four people, and the sub-stations are located at the two ends of the designated field on the ice. Teams aim at each other's base circle and throw oblate stone balls to make them slide into or close to the base circle, and the victory or defeat of sports events depends on the number of points scored. Also called curling. Curling originated in Scotland. The earliest curling club was founded in 1795. The movement spread to Canada on 1807 and to the United States and other places on 1820. From 1960s to 1980s, it spread to Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, France, Germany, Denmark and Italy. The curling competition venue is a rectangular ice surface with a length of 42.08 meters and a width of 4.27 meters. There is a base circle and four limit lines at both ends of the venue. The throwing order of the game is decided by the team captains of both sides, and then the two sides take turns to throw alternately. Each person throws all two curling games to 1 game, and the winning team in the next game throws first. The game ends with 10 or 12 or in a limited time, and the winner is the one who scores more points. When the points of both sides are equal, 1 tiebreaker game can be played. There are four players in the competition, which are divided into captain, three pitchers, two pitchers and 1 pitchers. Usually 1 pitchers have poor skills. In addition to participating in the competition, the captain also has the task of directing the use of skills and tactics of his team. The rules allow the use of a special broom to clean the ice surface between the C ~ D limit lines in the end zone, so as to facilitate our curling to slide forward; Or before the opponent throws, clean up the ice between the b ~ c limit line and let the opponent's curling slip out of the base circle. The team's 1 pitcher also threw injuries in the game. Violation and punishment regulations: throwing in violation of the predetermined order is invalid, and curling will be returned to me; Step forward over the forward limit line, throwing is invalid, curling is taken off the ice; Sweep the ice and touch your curling, and judge that curling is taken from the ice; If you touch the opponent's curling, the captain of the opponent will decide the curling position. The ice hockey game lasts 60 minutes and is divided into three rounds, each round is played for 20 minutes, and the interval is 15 minutes. Each team can have 20 players in each game and 6 players in the last game, including 1 goalkeeper. Because ice hockey players skate fast, and at the same time, they are allowed to "reasonably collide" with the ball control players with their shoulders, chests and arms, so the competition on the field is fierce and the physical energy consumption is high, so it takes one minute or even dozens of seconds to change players on the field. Substitutes can go up and down at will during the game without waiting for the game to stop or the referee's permission. As long as the departing players leave the rink and the competition area, the substitute players can play.
Shoot the ball into the opponent's goal with a hockey stick and score 1. If the attacker kicks, throws, hits the ball with his hand or introduces something other than a hockey stick into the goal, it is not a hit.
In ice hockey, there are three referees in each game. They also wear ice hockey knives and skate like athletes. They all wore black and white striped shirts and black trousers, and one of them wore a red armband as the referee. He is mainly responsible for punishing players who violate the rules, judging whether a goal is scored or not, and managing the whole game. The other two are called sideline referees, who are mainly responsible for refereeing "offside" and "dead ball" and all games except kick-off, and assisting the referee. There are also 1 timekeepers, 2 penalty shooters, 2 gatekeepers, 3 recorders and 1 announcers working outside the venue.