Ma Bufang, Zi Zixiang, from Hezhou, Gansu, was born in 1903. In his early years, after training military officers in Ninghai, he worked in Qinghai local military group under the command of his father March and his uncle Marin. After the founding of Nanjing National, Ma Bufang served as brigade commander, division commander, army commander, column commander and commander-in-chief of group army. 1936 Ma Bufang served as acting chairman of Qinghai province, and 1938 served as chairman of Qinghai province. /kloc-at the end of 0/936, Ma Bufang led his troops to attack the Red Army marked by many crimes. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Ma Bufang served as commander-in-chief of the 40th Army and commander of the 82nd Army, leading the Anti-Japanese War. 1945 was elected as a member of the sixth Central Supervision Commission. 1September, 948, concurrently served as deputy chief of northwest military and political affairs. Ma Bufang's family ruled Qinghai for 40 years, especially Ma Bufang, who was called "local tyrant".
On May 1949 and 18, the Northwest Military and Political Chief Zhang Zhizhong led a * * * delegation to Beiping for peace talks. Ma Bufang was appointed as the Acting Military and Political Chief of Northwest China by the National People's Congress. At the same time, he won the rank of Army General, realizing his long-cherished dream of "King of Northwest China". In July, Ma Bufang officially became the northwest military and political chief.
But Ma Bufang's dream was soon dashed. On August 20th, the * * * First Field Army under the command of Peng launched the Lanzhou Campaign. On August 27th, Lanzhou was liberated. On the pretext of asking the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for help, Ma Bufang flew to Chongqing with a group of concubines and left Qinghai, where he had been brutally ruled for 40 years, forever.
In early September, Ma Bufang flew to Guangzhou. Soon, some key figures of Majia family and Qingma Group also gathered in Guangzhou. In late September, the Ma family all moved to Hong Kong and lived at Queen's Road 100.
10 At the beginning of October, Ma Bufang received a telegram from Chiang Kai-shek asking him to go to Taiwan Province Province, so he had to respect his life. 65438+1October 1 1, Ma Bufang flew back to Hong Kong, asked for leave on the grounds of going to Mecca, and obtained a passport to go abroad. Later, three British Airways planes carrying more than 200 adults and children were chartered from Hong Kong to Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia.
Since 1950, Ma Bufang moved to Cairo, the Egyptian capital. He bought a house in Cairo as a private residence, and its interior decoration surpassed that of the Egyptian palace. He also bought another building, 13 floor, for the use of other employees. In order to live without empty pockets, Ma Bufang opened a ballroom and three hotels in Cairo.
1957, Egypt recognized People's Republic of China (PRC). In desperation, Ma Bufang moved back to Saudi Arabia to live.
Ma Bufang wanted to get rid of the addiction of "local tyrants", so he bribed the Taiwan Province provincial authorities and finally got the "plenipotentiary ambassador" of the Taiwan Province provincial authorities in Saudi Arabia.
When dissolute Ma Bufang first arrived in Saudi Arabia, he often took a large group of concubines on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Ah Si was surprised when he saw it. He thinks it is impossible for a man to have so many wives. He must have kidnapped someone else's wife. So I scolded him to his face and said, "You brought someone else's wife to make a pilgrimage, which desecrated * * *. I want to slap you in the face, kick you out, and report to * * * to expel you! " Ma Bufang was so frightened that he quickly sent all his wives away. Others said he couldn't afford it, so he posted a little money and waited until after the pilgrimage to get it back. The ugly queen was passed down as a joke.
Ma Bufang is notorious in Saudi Arabia, and this ugly man in a religious cloak is not welcome in the Middle East. He has been hiding in the mansion to kill time since then.
On July 3rd1975 and 3rd1,Ma Bufang, full of evil, died suddenly in a distant foreign country-Saudi Arabia, at the age of 73.
Ningxia wangma hongkui
Ma Hongkui, partly cloudy, from Hezhou, Gansu, was born in 1892. 19 10 after graduating from Lanzhou army school, I worked in a regiment of Ningxia local military region under the command of my father Ma Fuxiang for a long time. After the establishment of Nanjing * * *, he served as the commander of1/army, the chairman of Ningxia province * * *, the commander-in-chief of 17 army, the deputy commander of the 8th war zone, and the deputy battalion commander of Northwest Battalion. 1936 was awarded the rank of general.
1949 in may, in order to compete for the position of northwest military and political chief, Ma Hongkui and Ma Bufang refused to give way to each other, and the contradiction between them became fierce.
1August 1949 10, Ma Hongkui became the chairman of Gansu province. On August 26th, Lanzhou was liberated. When the news reached Ningxia, Ma Hongkui was pleasantly surprised and gloated: "I can't believe I can't let you down!" Ma Hongkui estimated that Ningxia would fall sooner or later, so he began to transfer a lot of property and buy real estate in Taipei, Hongkong and the United States to prepare for exile. It is said that Ma Hongkui transferred seven and a half tons of gold, and a large number of precious jewels were deposited in American banks.
After the liberation of Gansu, Ningxia became the next target. Fu called him from Baotou to persuade him to rebel. Meng Baoshan, an old subordinate of Ma Hongkui, also came to Yinchuan to convey the sincerity of Yang Dezhi and Li Zhimin, heads of the 19th Corps, about the peaceful liberation of Ningxia. However, Ma Hongkui never believed that * * * would show mercy to himself, who has been listed as one of the 43 national war criminals. He was stubborn, shouting "light a lamp, light a fire, and release water" and threatening his subordinates to fight for the trapped animals. 1 year in September, Ma Hongkui was called to Chongqing by Chiang Kai-shek. Before he left, he handed over the military and political power of Ningxia to his second son, Ma Dunjing. 19, the 19th Corps of * * * launched a general assault, only three days later, Yinchuan was liberated. When * * * launched a general attack on Yinchuan, Ma Dunjing fled to Chongqing by plane.
Before going to Taiwan Province Province, Ma Hongkui learned that Lei Yunqing, director of the Finance Department of Ningxia, received an administrative fund from Chongqing, about 50,000 yuan, equivalent to about1.7,000 taels of gold. Ma Hongkui detained him in the name of the provincial chairman. In addition, the whole piece of gold 400 taels and 9000 yuan silver tickets brought out from Ningxia were also collected by him.
10 10 13, Ma Hongkui's family flew to Taiwan Province province.
At the plenary session of the Central Committee held in February 65438, Ma Hongkui lost the title of "Central Executive Committee". Then, some "members" of the "Inspection Institute" jointly put forward impeachment cases against Ma Bufang and Ma Hongkui, asking them to be responsible for delaying the military aircraft and losing the northwest.
Ma Hongkui decided that it was the best policy to go with thirty-six measures. First, he sent his fourth aunt to Hong Kong in the name of treating diseases. Later, Fourth Aunt sent an urgent telegram, falsely claiming that she was dying and asked Ma Hongkui to fly to Hong Kong to see her for the last time. Ma Hongkui received this telegram and got a special holiday for one month.
Ma Hongkui then went to Hongkong with his sixth aunt, Xianglan Zhao, and never came back to "terminate his leave". In the following year, the fifth aunt Zou Deyi and the Ma Dunjing family also flew to Hong Kong to live together under various pretexts.
Because of the spy activities of the military government of Taiwan Province Province in Hong Kong, Ma Hongkui felt that Hong Kong was not safe, so he decided to go to the United States and set up a "Pumana" ranch in the suburb of Los Angeles to raise horses.
Ma Hongkui is adrift in a foreign country. Although he is rich, his family is unhappy because of the quarrel between his wife and concubines and the unfilial children.
1970 14 10/4 that night, before he died, Ma Hongkui struggled to tell Liu that he must send his body back to the motherland. On his deathbed, he repeatedly uttered vague words: "I will go back even if I die ..." That night, Ma Hongkui died at the age of 78.
Ma Hongbin-leading the uprising.
Ma Hongbin, Zi Zikuan, from Hezhou, Gansu, was born in 1884. He is Ma Hongkui's brother and Ma Bufang's uncle.
After the Revolution of 1911, Ma Hongbin successively served as commander-in-chief of Ningxia Town, commander of Gansu New Army and commander of Ningxia, and later led his troops to join Feng Yuxiang's national army as commander of the 24th Army. Nanjing * * *, after its establishment, served as deputy commander of * * *, 17 Army and commander of 8 1 Army, and deputy director of the northwest military and political chief's office. 1945 was elected as the sixth board of supervisors in May.
1949, facing the critical moment of life and death in Ma Jiajun, Ma Hongbin, then the deputy chief of the northwest chief executive's office, recognized the situation, followed the trend of historical development, chose a completely different road from his cousin Ma Hongkui, and led the 8 1 army peaceful uprising with his sons Ma Jing and Ma Xin as commanders and deputy commanders.
Ma Hongbin lived a military career with his uncle Ma Fuxiang since childhood, and was greatly influenced by his uncle, so he often posed as a Confucian general. He advocated "serving people with virtue" and "benefiting from humility", and his personal life has always been relatively simple, so he was ridiculed by Ma Hongkui as "the sage of our family".
/kloc-in September of 0/4, after * * * liberated Zhongning County, Ma Hongbin's base area, Ma Hongbin deeply felt that he had reached a crossroads. He decided to fly to Baotou to discuss with Fu and Deng Baoshan.
At that time, Fu and Deng Baoshan were planning Suiyuan Uprising, and they talked with Ma Hongbin until late at night. Taking the peaceful liberation of Peiping as an example, Deng Baoshan urged Ma Hongbin to say, "For generals at all levels in Ningxia, you are also an old officer, and they will listen to you. We should control our army and start the uprising as soon as possible. "
On September 18, Ma Hongbin returned to Ningxia. The next day, Ma Jing, the son of Ma Hongbin, and * * * signed a peaceful liberation agreement and declared an uprising.
After the establishment of the Yinchuan Martial Control Committee, Yang Dezhi served as the director, and Ma Hongbin and others served as deputy directors. 1949 65438+On February 23rd, Ningxia People's Congress was established and Ma Hongbin was appointed as the vice chairman of Ningxia.
1950 1.8 After the establishment of Gansu People's Congress, Ma Hongbin successively served as deputy governor of Gansu Province, deputy director of the Ethnic Affairs Commission and deputy director of the Northwest Military and Political Commission.
1960101October 2 1 day, Ma Hongbin died of stomach cancer in Lanzhou at the age of 77. All walks of life in Gansu held a grand memorial service for him, and Premier Zhou Enlai sent a wreath.
Life, the end-result of warlords in the Republic of China