In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are two characters who are shaped according to perfection. The screenwriter is Zhuge Liang and the martial artist is Zhao Yun. Changshan Zhao Zilong is one of the most popular figures in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Many people say that my favorite person is Zhao Yun. Indeed, Zhao Yun is superb in martial arts, noble in moral character, steady and resourceful, and has been shaped into an artistic model and perfect person of Confucian generals. Some people may say, wasn't Zhao Yun once defeated and demoted? What is perfect? It is impossible for anyone not to make mistakes all his life. The so-called perfect person does not mean that he never makes mistakes. It depends on two things: one nature and two attitudes. Zhaoyun really lost the battle and was demoted. When was that? It was the sixth year of lite, that is, AD 228, when it was already the late ruler Dou. The battle of the lost street pavilion. In this battle, Zhuge Liang warned me in advance to take the Xiegu Road (this Xiegu Road is now in Ji Gu, southwest Shaanxi, 470 miles long, and has been in Meixian County, Shaanxi Province). Zhuge Liang deliberately warned me that the main force would go out of Xiegu Road. He sent two generals, namely Zhao Yun, with Deng Zhi as his lieutenant. In fact, he led several troops and pretended that this was the main force to attract the main force of Cao Wei to participate in the war. Zhuge Liang personally took the main force of Shu Han and prepared to outflank the main force of Cao Wei. He is such a tactic. As a result, Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi had too few troops, and Cao Wei was too strong and outnumbered, so Zhao Yun failed to complete the task. Because this 470-mile road is not easy to get through, as a result, he failed to get out of the inclined valley and his troops were scattered. After breaking up, he quickly concentrated his forces and held on. As a result, the whole campaign failed, because the street pavilion fell down, which led to the failure of this campaign. Zhao Yun's punishment is understandable. Because of the disparity in strength, he failed to complete Gu Jie's task, so the punishment for him was sympathetic. On the other hand, it also shows that Zhuge Liang is disciplined and admirable. Victory or defeat is a common occurrence in military strategists, so this matter, the defeat of Zhao Yun's record is such a thing, and it does not affect Zhao Yun's overall evaluation. In all respects, Zhao Yun is still a perfect image.
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Zhao Yun, the most perfect hero image in the book, is the key figure created by Luo Guanzhong in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Zhao Yun was the first person to follow Liu Bei except Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. As a result, people almost added him to the sworn brothers in Taoyuan. In some Beijing operas, he simply became the "four generals". Since ancient times, many critics have even surpassed Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in evaluating Zhao Yun's loyalty. So how to describe the heroic image of Zhao Yunzhong in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and will Luo Guanzhong's story be quite different from the historical facts?
Zhao Yun in Historical Materials and Deduction
It is true that Zhao Yun saved Dou in Dangyang in history. At that time, Liu Bei was slow because he was with hundreds of thousands of people. Later, the whole team broke up, leaving 100 riders riding more than 3000 military horses (one for each). There are more than one hundred cavalry left. At that time, it was written in the "Three Kingdoms" that "some people said that the cloud went north", but who said that it had not been written? Someone said to Liu Bei, "I saw Zhao Yun going north." Going north is to find Cao Cao to surrender. In a rage, Liu Bei picked up the halberd in his hand and hit the man. He said, "Zilong will never abandon me" (Zhao Zilong will never abandon me). After a while, Zhao Yunlai came. So we can see two points from this detail: First, Liu Bei trusts Zhao Yun very much, and Zhao Yun is trustworthy. Another point is that Liu Bei's temper is also quite urgent in history. Didn't you say that it was actually Liu Bei who whipped Du You, not Zhang Fei? After this detail was moved to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, some changes were made, so Liu Bei stopped hitting people. So at that time, who said this? It's Mi Fang. Mi Fang came here with a serious injury. He reported to Liu Bei that "Zhao Zilong betrayed Cao Cao" and he had gone to find Cao Cao. Liu Bei said, "Zilong and I are old friends. How could he betray me? As a result, Zhang Fei is simple-minded. Zhang Fei said: "Now he sees us, probably because he is weak, so he surrendered to Cao Cao. For the sake of wealth, he will definitely get rich and be promoted to make a fortune. " Liu Bei said, "Zilong was acquired by me in trouble. "He came to me when I was in trouble, not when I was developed and in a high position. So he said, "Zilong has a heart of stone. "He is firm and loyal to me, and his heart is as hard as a stone." This is beyond the reach of wealth. "The result Mi Fang is not injured? He said, "I saw him go to the northwest with my own eyes. "Northwest is full of cao cao's army, I saw him go. Zhang Fei said, "When I went to find him myself, I saw him and stabbed him to death. "Liu Bei said;" You are wrong about Zhao Yun. "As you can see from this place, Liu Bei really knows people and does their duty. But Zhang Fei didn't listen, so Zhang Fei took more than twenty riders to find Zhao Yun. When he met Zhao Yun, he wanted to kill him. Where did it go? Arrive at Changban Bridge. In fact, after Zhao Yun's army dispersed, Mrs. Gan and Dou could not be found. He said: "I am somehow, I must get my mistress and young master back anyway." "Even if I die on the battlefield. I want to find him, too. " Therefore, Zhao Yun's loyalty is the place where readers respect him the most. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms writes this story in great detail, and this place shows the writer's level. Is his conspiracy arrangement, very reasonable, we think zhaoyun is riding alone, with a dou on his chest, and your skill is among tens of thousands of Cao Bing, how can you even kill more than 50 Cao Junxing? Luo Guanzhong wrote a very detailed account of this place. When Zhao Yun was killing people everywhere, someone told Cao Cao, "This is Zhao Zilong of Changshan".
Because Cao Cao asked who this is? Such a powerful "Changshan Zhao Zilong". Cao Cao immediately ordered: "Order not to kill Zhao Yun, but to take him alive." . Well, you can't shoot an arrow now. You can't beat Zhao Yun one by one and several by one. So they were all stabbed to death by Zhao Yun. If it weren't for Cao Cao's order not to shoot arrows, he would have to be taken alive, not to mention a Zhao Yun. Ten and a hundred of them were shot through by random arrows. So this place explains why The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the four classical novels. These details are arranged very reasonably and have the rationality of the plot, so Zhao can come out alive. In this place, Mao Zonggang has a very interesting comment: "It is better not to save the useless Liu Chan with the hero's Zhao Yun, but the hero never fails." Heroes often can't catch up with the good times and the good social environment. "Mediocre people are more blessed." This sinus was mediocre in his early years and fatuous in his later years. He is blessed, as Mao Zonggang said. Look at his father Liu Bei, whose ability and intelligence are much better than Dou's, but he died not long after he became emperor, and Dou was emperor for 42 years. Enjoy all the blessings, so Mao Zonggang said, it is better to zhaoyun don't save him.
In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhao Yun has never been as arrogant and conceited as Guan Yu, nor as reckless and careless as Zhang Fei. He is always bold, cautious and conscientious. This feature, together with his heroic, loyal and modest virtues, makes Zhao Yun the most perfect figure in the image series of military commanders in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. How did Luo Guanzhong make Zhao Yun, an almost perfect figure, stand up and gain a foothold?
Zhao Yun, a wonderful tree in Luo Guanzhong.
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Zhao Yun was written in The Romance of Three Kingdoms. If we pay attention, we will find a very interesting phenomenon. As long as Zhao Yun fights with people, if he is an enemy general, he will definitely die under Zhao Yun's gun or flee. If he is on his side, then no matter how good he is, he will never be as good as Zhao Yun. For example, Guan Yu, Guan Yu and Zhao Yun have no big scenes. Guan Yu made a big mistake. He lost Jingzhou because he was complacent and could not unite his subordinates. For example, Huang Zhong, a veteran of Huang Zhong, is really not simple, but after winning several times in a row, Huang Zhong got a little carried away and lost his vigilance in the seventy-one chapters of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. As a result, Zhao Yun was in trouble, and Zhao Yun saved Huang Zhong, who was already in a desperate situation. As for the generals under Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and Sun Quan, as long as they play against Zhao Yun, they are no opponents. And interestingly, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang gave Zhao Yun the most important task. For example, Liu Bei and Kanluoji tried to get married, which was a risky move. You can't do it if you don't go. This is a very good opportunity. When Sun and Liu did, they became relatives, and * * * wanted to beat Cao, but once they were killed or taken hostage, the risk was great. So Zhuge Liang said, "It must be a dragon." He sent Zhao Yun to escort him and gave him three tricks up his sleeve. Finally, Zhao Yun accomplished his mission well. It can be seen that Zhuge Liang trusted Zhao Yun very much and used Zhao Yun at a critical moment. Liu Bei also trusts Zhao Yun. After Guan Yu took Jingzhou, he was guarding Jingzhou to prevent Cao Cao from going north. Zhang Fei sometimes leads troops to fight, and Liu Bei lets Zhao Yun stay in the camp. What is this Sima camp equivalent to? It is equivalent to the commander of the capital garrison headquarters and the director of public security. Our base camp cannot be chaotic. There was a situation at that time, that is, after Liu Bei got married, Mrs. Sun brought some officers and men from Soochow, that is, her Qinbing and her Guards, which she was familiar with. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Mrs. Sun is younger among the brothers and sisters. She is Sun Quan's sister. She may have been spoiled since childhood. She is an old man with few wives. It seems that Liu Bei is a little afraid of his wife. In Jingzhou, the officers and men under Mrs. Sun's command ran amok because they were her cronies and Liu Bei was not to be taunted. What's more, this lady, her brother (Liu Bei) and brother-in-law are the kings of Soochow. If she doesn't handle it well, it will not only affect the relationship between husband and wife, but also affect diplomatic relations. But what if she doesn't handle it? Liu Bei gave this dilemma to Zhao Yun, who not only managed the city, but also managed the palace affairs. Because he knew that Zhao Yun was strict in running the army. Among them, Sun Quan took advantage of Liu Bei's western expedition to fight Yizhou, and sent a letter asking his sister to go back, saying that his mother was ill. At that time, it was recorded in the "Three Kingdoms" that Mrs. Sun took Ah Dou away privately. As a result, Zhao Yun and Zhang Fei chased her by boat and stopped her. (Dou) I got it back. This record in the History of the Three Kingdoms made an important change in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, that is, it changed the image of Mrs. Sun. It's just that Mrs. Sun was a little arrogant in the Three Kingdoms, and it was her own idea to take Dou away without permission. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, her faults and her selfishness of taking away (A Dou) without permission are all played down. It was Sun Quan who said that "the country was too sick" and Mrs. Sun came forward to be a filial daughter. Of course, at that time, Zhao Yun wanted to take Ah Dou back, but Mrs. Sun resolutely refused to do it. That description is very wonderful. Write how Zhao Yun chases, first chase on the shore, then find a fishing boat, jump on it, and let the ferryman chase it with a boat at once. Arriving at the side of the big ship, Zhao Yun put the pike on the ship, took the touch of the green (metalworking) sword and jumped aboard with a bang. At that time, let her maid, who all have martial arts skills, take a sinus to push him. Zhaoyun's policy is very good, he can't kill, he can only push, and so on those details, are very capable of thinking. Zhao Yun is a very clever man. In this case, he should also consider the policy and relationship between Sun and Liu. And he knows very well that this is his mistress, Liu Bei's wife. We can't offend her casually, but Adou must not let her take it away. He writes very carefully.
Zhao Yun is brave and good at fighting. He can not only consider the long-term interests of Liu Bei Group, but also pay attention to winning the hearts of the people. Throughout the history of Shu-Han Group, among many military commanders, there is no one else who exhorts Liu Bei as bluntly as Zhao Yun, which is another place where Zhao Yun has great knowledge. Although Zhao Yun in history can't stand out from the crowd in his achievements, he has virtues that ordinary people can't reach. What are Zhao Yun's generosity and benevolence and righteousness?
Zhao Yun of noble character.
Zhao Yun has another excellent person. Compared with many other famous players in the Three Kingdoms, this is simply unique. Is that he has ordinary people in his heart and will never compete with them for profit. After Liu Bei captured Jingzhou, he occupied Chengdu. At that time (Liu Bei) discussed preparing to give many land and houses in Chengdu to the generals. You think Zhao Yun's position is so high that he will definitely get a very big house and a lot of the best land, but Zhao Yun opposes it, saying it is not good for the people. When he quoted Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a famous saying of Huo Qubing, a general, said, "The Huns are still alive, and it is useless to do things at home.". How can the Huns go home before they are wiped out? What's the use of having a beautiful big house to settle down? Now the traitor is not Xiongnu. "Today's thieves are not only Huns, but also Huns." It was cao thief. "Everything in the world must have a destiny" and so on. The world is at peace, we all return to our fields, and everyone returns without a fight. It is appropriate to "return home" and farm your own land to support yourself. Then he said "Yizhou people", because we just captured Yizhou and are still at war. The "new soldier revolution" has just suffered from war, and "all fields and houses can be returned, so that they can settle down and resume their work." They should farm and do business. He said that only in this way can they recruit soldiers and collect taxes. He said a word, "please his heart" to gain the support of Yizhou people. Zhao Yun doesn't compete with others for profit, but his suggestion is offensive. How many ministers and military commanders, who don't want a big house with hundreds of hectares of land, Zhao Yunli's popularity is the most important, and he can't compete with the people for profit. As a result, Liu Bei adopted Zhao Yun's suggestion. Zhao Yun is strict in running the army, taking the lead, bravely killing the enemy, and thinking of the country, the army and the people everywhere, regardless of personal gain. Didn't we say that Zhao Yun was defeated before? Didn't you walk out of the diagonal valley and finish this task? Didn't the street pavilion fall at that time? After the failure of the whole campaign, Zhuge Liang found a phenomenon when he returned to Chengdu. Ask him: "The street pavilion fell and the army was in chaos. There will be no soldiers, no generals, and countless military supplies will be lost. He asked why although there was no inclined valley in the battle of Ji Gu, the troops and materials were basically not damaged. What happened? "As a result, Deng Zhi, the lieutenant, said," When the battle failed, Zhao Yun went out on patrol himself. "In our words now, he gave the hope of life to others and left the danger of death to himself. How respectable Zhao Yun is as a general. It is precisely because of Zhao Yun's personal patrol that the scattered troops quickly regrouped, and there was basically no loss in the army and no loss in military supplies. Zhuge Liang was very moved and ordered a reward. Of course, Zhao Yun was demoted, but he did not lose military supplies. All right, reward according to merit, and give some to everyone. As a result, Zhao Yun objected again. It is speculated that at this time, military supplies are nothing more than clothes and food. Zhao Yun said, "If you didn't fight well, you shouldn't be rewarded if you lost. Besides, the country is still very difficult. Therefore, these military materials should be turned over to the state treasury, and it will be winter until October, because every winter the government will give you gifts, clothes and food until October. "So these places can see zhaoyun unselfish, wholeheartedly for the public. Therefore, Zhao Yun's practice has been praised by many people. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, this detail was enlarged, and Zhuge Liang's sentence that "the first emperor was in Japan" was added, because Liu Bei had been dead for five years at that time, and "it is often called the virtue of the son dragon, and it is the same today", and now it looks exactly the same. It is true that the most valuable thing for Zhao Yun is not his superb martial arts, but his noble character.
Zhao Yun is modest and prudent. In Han Shu Group, his qualifications are second only to Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, and he has the merit of rescuing Liu Chan. But he never took credit, never competed for fame and fortune, and he was able to get along well with those who came from behind, which was beyond the reach of willful Guan Yu and arrogant Wei Yan. And what is the fundamental difference between Zhao Yun and the Athenians?
Zhao Yun, a visionary.
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How can people with similar identities and the same characters write different vivid artistic images? This is a novelist, so is Luo Guanzhong. However, we can see that in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are many great martial arts players, such as Lu Bu, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, but they are not as good as Zhao Yun. Lyu3 bu4 capricious, selfish, that's a total villain. Therefore, in terms of martial arts, among the dozens of famous soldiers in the Three Kingdoms, there may be three or five, or five or seven, but in terms of morality, no one is better than him. The most commendable thing about Zhao Yun is that he is broad-minded, far-sighted, discerning right from wrong and has a strategic vision, which is the biggest difference between him and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Due to Guan Yu's mistake, Jingzhou fell (Guan Yu was killed), and Liu Bei was impulsive and desperate to launch a national army to attack Wu. Who is the most determined and clear person in the Three Kingdoms who advised Liu Bei not to attack Wu? Zhao Yun. Besides, he speaks very well. He said that "the traitor is Cao Cao, not Sun Quan". In our current words, you can tell who is the main enemy and who is the secondary enemy. "Destroy Wei first, then Wu Zihui." When you destroy Wei, this Wu will automatically surrender. He has another sentence below, which is even better. "When we are all in our hearts" means, in our current words, to conform to the people's hearts, and "learn from the past" because now the people all over the country hope to defeat Cao Cao. The first step to defeat Cao Cao was to occupy Guanzhong, then leave Tongguan and take Henan Province in the Central Plains. Therefore, in order to conform to the people's hearts, we should not put Wei aside and "strike Wu first", that is to say, you should distinguish between primary and secondary contradictions and solve which one is the most dangerous and which one is the most popular.
As a result, Zhao Yun touched Liu Bei from the beginning. Liu Bei hesitated and wanted to reconsider. He thinks this is reasonable. At this time, Zhang Fei is a weak-willed and simple-minded person. Zhang Fei said that he blamed Liu Bei for forgetting the three wishes of Taoyuan. At that time you forgot our Covenant. If your majesty doesn't go, if you don't go, I will personally lead troops to fight Sun Quan. In this way, Liu Bei was further angered and wanted to avenge Guan Yu. At that time, there were some ministers, such as Fu Qin and Zhuge Liang. They all protested to Liu Bei, but Liu Bei didn't listen. Liu Bei almost killed Fu Qin. So in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Luo Guanzhong further clarified Zhao Yun's words, and Zhao Yun advised Liu Bei to distinguish between Chou He and Cao Wei, that is, the enemy between us and Cao Wei is a public enemy, and the enemy between you and Sun Quan is a personal vendetta. You want revenge for your brother. Fu Qin later said to zhaoyun, you can't be partial. This brotherhood is a small righteousness, and the national interest is a great righteousness. As a result, Liu Bei didn't listen, so Liu Bei hurt the righteousness with small righteousness. The failure of the battle of Yiling was the biggest turning point when Shu and Han did not unify the world. Shu Han's career was defeated by this little justice. Zhao Yungong, on the other hand, has a clear distinction between public and private interests. He spoke thoroughly and gave a warning. All these prove that Zhao Yun is not an ordinary military commander, but a strategist with great political wisdom and foresight.
In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Luo Guanzhong created a radiant image of Zhao Yun. How did Luo Guanzhong construct Zhao Yun's brilliant life in the novel for this perfect figure who devoted himself to the author's passion?
Zhao Yun with a glorious life.
Speaking of Zhao Yun, there is another phenomenon that is very noteworthy, that is, Zhao Yun has a brilliant life from appearance to ending. When Liu Bei appeared, he had been reduced to selling straw sandals and weaving summer sleeping mats. In our current words, he is a small-scale industrialist and working people. Zhang Fei is a small business owner who owns a little land and runs a pub to kill pigs. Zhao Yun didn't tell him much else, but when he appeared, he saved Gongsun Zan from the war with Wen Chou. What a beautiful one. In addition, it can be seen from the ending that Guan Yu was killed and beheaded. After his death, he can't be buried together. Zhang Fei was victimized by his subordinates, and Liu Bei failed in the war and died. Ma Chao died, but Huang Zhong's death was related to his arrow wound. Only Zhao Yun's ending is the best. He is dead. Therefore, the performance of Zhao Yun in Romance of the Three Kingdoms embodies the special love of readers and author Luo Guanzhong. Zhao Yun's character and martial arts were called a Chinese odyssey during the Three Kingdoms period.