The main contents of the reform
(1) Expand the scope of citizens' participation in politics: except for the ten generals, all official positions are open to male citizens of all ranks, and consuls are selected by lottery;
(2) Reforming the citizens' assembly: The citizens' assembly is the highest organ of state power and is responsible for major affairs such as internal affairs and foreign affairs. All male citizens who have reached the age of 20 can participate and enjoy the right to speak and vote;
(3) Reform the membership and authority of the 500-member conference: 50 members of the 500-member conference will choose 50 people from each 10 tribe by drawing lots, and take turns to govern in groups and be responsible for convening the citizens' meeting and other affairs;
(4) improve the power and status of the jury court: the jury court is the highest judicial and supervisory organ in the country, and it is composed of 10 tribes elected from male citizens over 30 years old, with 600 people in each tribe;
(5) Expand the power of the Committee of Ten Generals: the top government official, Ten Generals, is elected by the citizens' assembly by a show of hands; 10. The General Committee commands the army and participates in politics, and the general is in charge of the state's military and political power;
(6) Formulate a system of "official service": pay salaries and allowances to citizens who participate in politics;
(7) Encourage citizens to receive political education and cultural edification, and issue "theater allowance" to citizens, and so on.
Pericles
Pericles is an outstanding representative of the democratic politics of slave owners in ancient Greece and one of the most famous politicians in the ancient world.
From 443 BC to 429 BC, he was elected as the chief general of Athens for fourteen consecutive years.
After Pericles was a famous Athenian, his father was the commander-in-chief of the Athenian army and his mother was the niece of the famous reformer Cleisthenes.
Family and wealth helped Pericles receive a good education from an early age.
He is not only knowledgeable, civil and military, but also eloquent. Before he was thirty, he made his mark on the political stage in Athens.
Pericles represented the interests of the industrial and commercial slave owners and the lower-middle class freemen in Athens, especially the interests of the fourth-class citizens such as sailors and helpers.
His domestic policy focuses on strengthening democratic politics.
In 462 BC, the reform began, and the Athens Citizens' Congress, under the impetus of Perikles, gradually passed a series of laws and measures.