Text | Botong Zhou
Core summary
1. Although Beijing's signal to tighten the school district in Xicheng District was actually released as early as April 30, 2020, many parents seem to be "lucky" and think that the "multi-school dicing" in Xicheng needs time to land.
2. If the 73 1 policy provides policy support for multi-school scribing, the growing number of students in recent years has pushed "multi-school scribing" to a critical point.
3. In 2020, the number of students enrolled in Xicheng District is 2 1 1,000, and the number of graduates in that year is 1 1,240. This means that the number of primary school students in Xicheng has increased by 9,000 every year for six years.
In the early morning of July 3, Beijing ushered in the first weekend of July, a heavy rain in summer. On this day, many parents of students in Xicheng District received phone calls from the school one after another, informing them to log in to official website-Xicheng District Education Examination Center and fill in their volunteers.
This is a group of carefully selected parents. Their common feature is that they bought the school district house in Xicheng after July 3 1 last year.
Although Beijing's signal to tighten the school district in Xicheng District was actually released as early as April 30, 2020, many parents seem to be "lucky" and think that the "multi-school dicing" in Xicheng needs time to land.
It was not until they landed in official website to register their intention school that they were surprised to find that the "Niu Xiao" (high-quality primary school) that they could have entered basically had no degree, and they could only choose ordinary primary schools in other districts.
Screenshot of the school district room volunteering interface
Especially for the parents who bought the school districts of Desheng, Yuetan and Financial Street after July 3 1 last year, the system showed that Desheng Yuxiang Primary School was transferred to the "Western Teacher Attached Primary School" in this district; Also transferred to Xinjiekou School District "Zhicheng Primary School" and "Second Experimental Primary School Yutaoyuan Branch"; There are also "Lei Feng Primary School" and "Ya 'er Hutong Primary School" transferred to Shichahai School District. In Hongmiao Primary School in Financial Street, many fourth-generation books have been transferred to Huajia Primary School and Experimental No.2 Xiaoshuihe Branch in this area.
The result of being directly transferred out of the school district was unexpected by the owners and intermediaries. Angry parents found the agent who sold the house at that time and asked them to take responsibility. "At the beginning, the intermediary kept saying that the general multi-school scribing should adhere to the principle of proximity, and even if there is a policy, it will not be transferred out of the school district."
But everyone knows that this is a fruitless anger, because this promise will not be written into the contract at that time anyway.
Ten million premium is wasted.
The "73 1" policy has played an important role in this round of "negative" housing in Xicheng District.
73 1 Policy refers to the families whose legal guardians obtained the property ownership certificate of Xicheng District after July 3, 20201. When school-age children apply for primary school, they will no longer study in the school, and all of them will be enrolled in the school district or adjacent school districts by multi-school scribing. In addition, since July 3, 2020, individual school-age children who moved to Xicheng District from other districts of this city will no longer enroll in primary schools, and all of them will enroll in school districts or adjacent school districts by multi-school dicing.
Multi-school scribing refers to a community corresponding to multiple schools. Multi-school scribing will disperse hot primary schools and junior high schools to all districts to ensure that all districts are roughly balanced. In the specific operation, multi-school dicing is implemented, and the enrollment places of hot schools are allocated by random allocation. Students who are not assigned to hot schools should still be assigned to other schools nearby.
Generally speaking, the school district house bought at a high price before can ensure the children to enter the "small ox" corresponding to the community. However, due to multi-school scribing, even if you buy the school district with the highest average price, it is very likely to be assigned to an ordinary school.
In 20 16, deep in Wenchang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, a property with only 1 1.4 square meters was sold at a sky-high price of 5.3 million yuan, and the unit price of 460,000 yuan per square meter set a record for the most expensive school district in Beijing, just because it is one of the most famous primary schools in Beijing.
The picture material of Wenchang Hutong comes from Weibo.
According to Phoenix real estate statistics. Com, represented by Experimental No.2 Primary School and Hongmiao Primary School, the average price of "Niuxiao" surrounding communities in Xicheng is above 6.5438+0.8 million per square meter, but before the promulgation of the housing regulations in Xicheng School District in April last year, it was not uncommon for these "Niuxiao" to cost more than 200,000 per square meter, and the smaller the apartment, the higher the unit price.
According to the current multi-school dicing policy, if these "little cows" are transferred to some so-called ordinary primary schools in Xicheng, the housing price of the community corresponding to the latter is generally between 6.5438+10,000 yuan/square meter and 6.5438+020,000 yuan/square meter, which means that the same set of 654.38+ 000 square meters houses has a gap of 6 million yuan to 8 million yuan.
The premium is nearly 10 million, but I can't go to a top school. This is the most unacceptable place for some parents who got on the bus after last year's policy.
Primary school student distribution table
Double the enrollment demand in six years
If the 73 1 policy provides policy support for multi-school scribing, the growing number of students in recent years has pushed "multi-school scribing" to a critical point.
As can be seen from the above table, the number of students enrolled in Xicheng District in 2020 is 2 1 000, and the number of graduates in that year is 1 240. This means that the number of primary school students in Xicheng has increased by 9,000 every year for six years.
However, it should be noted that this growth is not balanced, but presents a great aggregation distribution. In particular, Desheng District, Financial District and Yuetan District are the main locations of high-quality campuses, and a very large part of the primary school students increased in recent years have flowed here.
This is also why in recent years, Xicheng mobilized all units and streets in the whole region to investigate available resources, giving priority to projects with low floor area ratio for education; Coordinate the examination and approval departments at all levels to shorten the examination and approval period of degree construction projects. Give priority to the expansion of school district degrees with concentrated enrollment needs; Sort out campus functions, dismantle unnecessary facilities and build students' activity space.
Through these methods, Xicheng District strives to increase the number of compulsory education degrees 12000 this year.
"The potential of core areas such as Desheng and Yuetan was excavated several years ago," said an insider.
According to the current number of births in Beijing and the forecast of the number of school-age students in the future, there is no sign of easing this degree shortage in the short term.
According to the forecast, during the four years from 20 16 to 20 19, the number of people born in Beijing exceeded150,000, of which the number exceeded 200,000 every year after 20 16.
The high enrollment rate brought by the high birth rate will remain high in the next four years, which will bring great pressure to Beijing's already stretched primary school degree.
School district housing management control becomes the norm.
At the beginning of July, under the "muffled thunder" of the school district in Xicheng District, Beijing, on July 4, Xicheng District Housing Management Bureau organized Jia Lian, I love my family, 2 1 century real estate, wheat field, Zhongyuan and other major real estate agents to hold working meetings, and put forward working requirements for real estate agents to actively cooperate with the educational reform policy.
The meeting put forward "three noes" requirements for real estate agents: all institutions should strengthen the management of housing release, and should not release housing with school districts as selling points; Standardize the management of business undertaking, and do not accept the entrustment that the price is obviously higher than the market price; Strengthen the management and training of employees, organize learning in time, strictly implement relevant regulations, and shall not participate in any activities that speculate on school districts.
The action of Xicheng District has become a symbol of the supervision of Beijing school district housing, and it is also the tip of the iceberg of the renovation of school district housing in full swing this year.
Since 20021,hot cities such as Ningbo, Hefei and Shenzhen have issued relevant policies to crack down on speculation in school districts, focusing on the reform of enrollment system, the establishment of a reference mechanism for the transaction price of second-hand housing in school districts, the overweight of housing purchases in school districts, and the increase of penalties for the release of illegal information.
On April 1 day, the three departments of Shenzhen jointly issued a special rectification work plan for false and illegal advertisements such as "degree rooms". At the same time, Shenzhen first proposed the "pilot university district system in the whole region". Five schools were selected from Primary One and Junior One in Zhi Min Street, and they were incorporated into the enrollment schools in the university area to crack down on high-priced degree rooms.
Shanghai's "quota allocation comprehensive evaluation admission" system has a great influence. From 20021,Shanghai municipal experimental demonstration high schools will allocate 65% of the total enrollment plan to all districts and schools through the way of "comprehensive evaluation and admission of quota allocation". After the introduction of the policy, the listing price of some houses dropped by nearly 800 thousand a day.
At this point, let's go back and re-examine the "school district room".
This school district housing policy, which is now a hot potato, has changed the confusion caused by the original cross-regional school selection: every enrollment season, the principal "plays missing". Even the leader secretly agreed with the principal that the note written horizontally can not be done, and the note written vertically must be done. What level of leaders are there, and what proportion of them will participate in the lucky draw, such as 4 draws 1, 3 draws 1 and so on. As for corruption, it is even more common.
Objectively speaking, the combination of degree and house solves the problem of corruption, but it also stimulates high housing prices. Now is the time for reform.
1, United States: The United States also has a school district housing policy, but only public schools implement it, and private schools are not subject to this condition.
In the United States, because the education funds of public schools mainly come from the real estate tax in the surrounding areas of schools, the funds of school districts are directly proportional to the amount of real estate tax. If a school has high funds, it will have the financial resources to improve the teaching quality. Therefore, the teaching quality of high-quality residential areas is often relatively high, so it is a good school district driven by high housing prices in the United States.
2. Britain: The concept and admission policy of school district housing in Britain are similar to those in the United States, but the competition for educational resources is more intense, so the phenomenon of school district housing premium is more obvious than that in the United States.
The British Education Standards Authority is the official regulatory body responsible for rating all public schools. It does not belong to any school or educational institution, but is directly responsible to the parliament. The bureau divides all schools into four grades. If you can be rated as a first-class school, there will also be a phenomenon of "a rising tide lifts all boats" nearby. According to the statistics of different institutions and platforms, the average premium of school districts in Britain is about 15~20%, and some areas will exceed 30%.
3. Germany: Unlike Britain and the United States, the concept of school districts in Germany is relatively weak.
There is no general market for the concept of school district housing in Germany, which is mainly caused by the following three reasons: First, German official institutions are not keen on ranking schools; Secondly, the screening of primary and secondary school teachers is very strict. The prerequisite for obtaining teacher qualification is that you must complete the five-year normal major (equivalent to a master's degree) in the university and pass the national unified examination twice; Finally, because most teachers enjoy the same treatment as civil servants, the salaries of teachers at the same level in the same state are the same, which makes the distribution of teachers more even. The educational resources of each public school are similar, and the main difference is only the different students.