Huang San
Fuxi Nuwa Map Unearthed in Xinjiang
Atlas of Fuxi Nuwa unearthed in Xinjiang
(1) Sui people, Fuxi, Shennong (Biography of Li Weihan, Shangshu);
(2) Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong (Historical Records Huang San-Sima Zhenbu, Dou Yun Shu, Yuan Mingbao);
Five legendary rulers
(3) Fuxi, Zhu Rong and Shennong (Baihutong);
(4) Fuxi, Shennong and * * workers (as a mirror outside the discipline).
(5) Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi (Preface to the History of the Emperor)
In addition, Huang San, together with the Emperor, Huangdi and Ren Huang, is called the Three Gods in Hanshu Weishu. Later, in Taoism, Huang San was divided into three grades: the emperor of the third grade had human form; In Huang San, people face snakes or dragons; In post-Huang San, Fuxi was the queen, Nuwa was the queen and Shennong was the queen.
Three Emperors and Five Emperors-Five Emperors
① Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao and Shun ("Dai");
(2) Dongxi, Shennong, Huangdi, Yaoshun (Warring States Policy);
(3) Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huangdi, Shao Hao and Zhuan Xu (Lv Chunqiu);
(4) Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Qi, Yao (The History of Capital Construction).
(5), Zhuan Xu, Yao, Shun (pseudo "Preface to Shangshu"); This theory will be adopted by history books in the future because of its respect for the status of Confucian classics. So this theory of three emperors and five emperors was regarded as the history of ancient beliefs;
The Three Emperors and Five Emperors belonged to China in ancient times, and it was a long time ago. There were few written materials circulating at that time, mainly legends. So this period of history has many ambiguities for later generations. In the ancient historical legends of China, several theories of "Five Emperors" were formed during the Warring States Period. The word "Huang San" appeared at the end of the Warring States Period, and it was not until the Han Dynasty and before the Five Emperors that several theories of "Huang San" were formed. The original meaning of "yellow" is "big" and "beautiful", and it is not used as a noun. At the end of the Warring States period, because the word "emperor" of God was used as the title of master, the word "emperor" was used to address God, such as the western emperor, the eastern emperor and God in Chu Ci. At that time, it was also called "Huang San" under the names of emperors, Huangdi and Tai Huang. In Zhou Li, Lv Chunqiu and Zhuangzi, "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" and "Guan Zi" also explain the different meanings of emperor, emperor, king and tyrant respectively, but their names have not been confirmed. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were the legendary "emperors" in China before the Xia Dynasty. Because of the existing data of this historical period, the myths and legends of Dachuan are intertwined.
Three Sages King and Five Emperors —— Legendary Rulers of China in Ancient Times.
The Three Emperors era was about 6000 years ago to 4000 years ago, which was the embryonic development period of Chinese civilization. According to historical records, the Dragon Three Emperors era was a period of transition from matriarchal clan society to paternal clan society, and the early Nuwa was often listed as one of Huang San. By the time of the Five Emperors, it was already a patriarchal society, but women still had a high social status, and Lei Zu and other female figures also made great contributions to the development of civilization. The civilization of the Five Emperors era is the continuation of the civilization of the Three Emperors era. Taking characters as an example, it is said that Fuxi created gossip and characters, but in the era of the Yellow Emperor, Cang Xie created characters, and the characters became more and more mature. Dragon worship in Nvwa 、 Fuxi era further developed in Yanhuang era. Legend has it that Yan Di (referring to the last Yan Di) and Huang Didu are descendants of Shennong. Yan Di is the leader of Shennong tribe and the leader of all tribal alliances. At that time, Shennong tribe was in decline, and the Yellow Emperor and Fuxi (some people think that Pangu is Fuxi) tribe had a close inheritance relationship. Later, the Yellow Emperor replaced Yan Di as the son of heaven and became the head of the five emperors. After the Five Emperors, it was Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
About 4000 years ago, in the Five Emperors' era, there was a tribe named Ji in the Yellow River valley. The leader is the Yellow Emperor, who is mainly engaged in agricultural labor. There is also a tribe headed by Emperor Yan called Jiang. Friction often occurs between the two tribes. The two tribes finally broke out in the battle of Hanquan. Huangdi defeated Yandi and the two tribes formed an alliance. Finally, the Yellow Emperor conquered the surrounding tribes. In the era of the Yellow Emperor, Chinese civilization made great progress and Chinese people came into being.