Figure 6-2 Framework of Policy Support System for Commercial Mineral Exploration
I. Policies to Promote the Development of Mineral Exploration Industry
Mineral exploration is the frontier of mining industry and the foundation of basic industry. China's mineral exploration industry has long been ambiguous in industrial attributes and industrial status, so it is necessary to implement the national industrial promotion policy for mineral exploration. In this regard, we can learn from the industrial promotion policies of mineral exploration at home and abroad, as well as those of other industries, such as similar oil and gas industry policies and water conservancy industry policies, and study and formulate industrial promotion policies that conform to the laws of mineral exploration in China.
(A) to promote the industrialization of mineral exploration
According to the target direction and requirements of the reform of geological prospecting system, we will effectively change the situation that mineral exploration relies on the operation of business systems for a long time and promote the industrialization of mineral exploration. Clarify the status of mineral exploration as a basic industry, separate it from general public welfare geological work and bring it into the large mining system for management. At the same time, it should be clear that the state implements the policy of giving priority to the development of mineral exploration industry (moderately ahead of the development of national economy, 1 ~ 2 five-year plan ahead of schedule). ) gradually integrate mineral exploration into mining industry to form a virtuous cycle mechanism of mineral exploration and production.
(2) Form a reasonable entry and exit mechanism of mineral exploration industry.
Formulate policies that encourage exploration and are conducive to the entry and exit of prospecting right holders. At the same time, the phenomenon of "staking the land at a gallop" and "occupying without exploring" is restricted from the policy, the circulation of exploration rights is promoted, and the allocation of various exploration factor resources in the circulation is continuously optimized.
1. The principle of "low threshold, strict supervision" and "application before admission" shall be applied for in commercial exploration.
Commercial mineral exploration is the starting point and lifeline of large-scale mining industry. Subjectively, the prospecting right holder conducts exploration for profit and mining; Objectively, the process of commercial mineral exploration has improved the research level of a country's land resources. For the country, commercial mineral exploration is conducive to the realization of national owner's rights and interests and strategic interests of resources.
Almost all countries in the world encourage commercial mineral exploration with special preferential policies, and the entry threshold and cost are relatively low. The mining laws and related regulations of many important mineral countries stipulate that natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated persons can obtain exploration rights and conduct commercial mineral exploration activities. The main way for market economy countries to obtain exploration rights is to apply for granting according to the principle of first come, first served, and the application is decided by lottery, accounting for more than 95% of the total exploration rights in market economy countries. As for technical conditions, capital conditions and environmental protection ability, they are not prerequisites for commercial mineral prospectors to obtain exploration rights. Therefore, it should be clear that "low threshold, strict supervision" and "early applicant priority principle" are several basic principles for obtaining exploration rights. Under special circumstances, the exploration right shall be obtained by bidding.
While implementing the low entry threshold for mineral exploration, it is necessary to limit the phenomenon of "staking at a happy horse" and "occupying without exploring". If the actual investment in geological exploration can't meet the statutory requirements, it will be limited to some extent.
2. It is necessary to clarify the scope and conditions of "recruiting, shooting and hanging"
Drawing lessons from the common practices abroad, the transfer of exploration and mining rights by bidding should have a clear scope of application: First, the bidding system can be implemented for commercial mineral exploration of oil. Second, for the development of mineral resources such as sand and gravel, the bidding and auction system is often adopted. Because the value of sand and gravel soil resources is easy to determine, in general, the exploration right is not set, and the mining right of sand and gravel soil resources is directly tendered. Third, for the exploration rights confiscated for various reasons or abandoned by the original exploration right holders, and the particularly promising metallogenic belt/section found in the public welfare geological survey, the mining right holders can be determined by bidding. This is because these objects have clear exploration goals, and the competition may be fierce, which can form a full market. Fourthly, the bidding system should be implemented for the transfer of mineral resources exploration rights located in mineral reserve areas; Apply for state-funded exploration and mining rights of mineral land.
"Bidding, auction and hanging" of exploration right should be one of the forms of mining right operation, but it should not be regarded as the only form. The exploration of mineral resources is not risky for the owner, but it is more risky for the prospector. Therefore, the right to use cannot be auctioned like land. In the state-funded mineral land, the original exploration subject has withdrawn, lost or exceeded the legal protection period for various reasons; Mining rights can be sold by government auction in the form of mineral land (such as sand and gravel, clay, etc.). ) where there are many disciplines competing in a certain block and there is really no need for geological exploration or a small workload; For blank areas and blocks with poor working level, it is not appropriate to implement the "bidding, auction and hanging" of exploration rights. For the government's "bidding, auctioning and hanging" exploration right, we should fully consider the entry of mineral exploration investors, strictly define what can be disposed of and what can't be disposed of, especially to prevent quick success and instant benefit and kill the goose that lays the golden egg. To make it clear that mining rights are property rights formed by investors through additional investment on the basis of mineral resources ownership, we must vigorously protect them and severely investigate the infringers.
3. Establish a reasonable exploration and withdrawal mechanism.
The purpose of commercial mineral exploration investment is to pursue the high growth of exploration right value, so as to realize the high growth of exploration enterprises and capital appreciation. In order to realize the return in the continuous circulation of mining rights, mineral exploration investment needs a flexible exit mechanism. In view of the long-term and high-risk characteristics of commercial mineral exploration, its exit mechanism mainly depends on the capital market and mining rights trading market. In market economy countries, option agreement and joint venture agreement are the most common forms of mineral exploration agreements, the main ways to trade and transfer exploration rights, and the important mechanism for commercial mineral exploration enterprises to operate. To construct the exit mechanism of commercial mineral exploration in China, it is necessary to establish a tangible mining right trading market and a mining risk growth enterprise market.
(3) Promoting the marketization of mineral exploration enterprises.
Make it clear that the main body of commercial mineral exploration is enterprises, guide and promote the existing mineral exploration main body to complete the enterprise reform, and make it clear in policy design that the commercial mineral exploration market is only open to qualified market main body (enterprises), so as to create external environment and conditions for the enterprise reform of mineral exploration market main body. In promoting the mechanism design of mineral exploration, it is necessary to "wean" (the state will no longer provide any enterprises with proven mineral sites free of charge. New mines or production mines replace resource bases, and all mining rights are purchased through the market or invested by themselves to explore mineral resources); Second, it is necessary to establish a "feedback" mechanism for basic industries of mineral exploration (establish a new compensation mechanism for exploration, and allow mining enterprises to truthfully collect mineral exploration fees or purchase mining rights from enterprise costs. The proceeds from paid transfer of mining rights are mainly used for mineral exploration).
Accelerate the reform of the main body of the supply and demand market for mineral exploration. First of all, it is necessary to transform state-owned mining enterprises, which have great demand for mineral exploration. Due to historical reasons, state-owned mining enterprises are still the main body of mining production in China, and mineral exploration is an important part of the whole production process of mining enterprises. If the state-owned mining enterprises do not form the main body of investment exploration, it will be difficult to form a legal person investment system for mineral exploration. Second, geological exploration units must be changed, which are the main providers of mineral exploration results. Because under the planned economy system, most of China's geological work is completed by professional geological prospecting units funded by the state, the exploration productivity of state-owned geological prospecting units should be revitalized through the market mechanism in the reform, including the precipitated geological prospecting information. The urgent task is to really promote the reform of geological prospecting units, and the main business of geological prospecting must carry out the reform of property rights system in accordance with the requirements of modern enterprise system. Concentrate the high-quality resources of mineral exploration industry, implement the reform of equity diversification, and set up a limited liability company. Support qualified companies to transform into joint-stock limited companies, and then realize listing: First, investors in the main geological prospecting industry must be in place, perform the function of protecting shareholders' rights and interests, regard mineral exploration investment as venture capital, and pursue preservation and appreciation. Second, it is clear that the final output of mineral exploration is exploration right and mining right, and its value form is mining right price, so as to pursue economic benefits. Third, vigorously support private mining enterprises and joint-stock mining companies to enter the commercial mineral exploration market. Private mining enterprises are an important force in China's mining industry in recent years and are becoming a force that cannot be ignored in the mineral exploration and development market. They cheat many private mining enterprises to operate according to the standardized corporate governance structure, and attach great importance to the exploration and reserve of enterprise reserve resources. Therefore, the participation of private mining enterprises will help to stimulate the vitality of the mineral exploration market and play a positive role in promoting the formation of a truly commercialized mineral exploration market.
(four) to establish and improve the financial management system of geological prospecting units and mining enterprises, and to account and manage the exploration rights and mining rights as assets.
Investment in exploration and mining rights is an important part of mineral product cost in mining production. The investment of geological prospecting units in mineral exploration activities must be capitalized according to the requirements of enterprise financial system and accounted for at full cost. The recoverable reserves currently held by state-owned mining enterprises and obtained free of charge must be evaluated and accounted for as asset management; The state and local finance will no longer provide geological achievements for mining enterprises free of charge in the future. These enterprises must solve their own reserve mineral resources through capitalization of exploration investment, just like other market entities.
(5) Promote the development of small and medium-sized exploration enterprises.
From the development experience of foreign countries, small and medium-sized primary mineral exploration companies and prospectors are more suitable for the development of the exploration market and meet the requirements of optimal allocation of resources, thus occupying a dominant position in the mineral exploration market. To meet the requirements of productivity development, we should vigorously promote the prosperity and development of small and medium-sized grass-roots exploration companies. Reduce the entry threshold for mineral exploration, and stipulate that natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated persons can register exploration rights and carry out commercial mineral exploration activities. In market economy countries, unincorporated enterprises apply for exploration rights, which makes the commercial mineral exploration work in market economy countries more active. In addition, with the separation of investment subject and management subject in mineral exploration, the demand for professional technical services in exploration will rise, and some geological prospecting units can be transformed into enterprises providing technical services as needed, and the development of various professional technical service companies including intermediary services should be encouraged and promoted.
Two, the implementation of investment and financing policies to promote mineral exploration.
According to the characteristics of mineral exploration, the investment and financing policies needed to encourage exploration are put forward. This is an important supporting condition for realizing a new breakthrough in geological prospecting.
(a) the implementation of the legal person investment system
This is the core of building a new investment mechanism for commercial geological work. The forms of legal person's capital contribution are: state capital contribution, enterprise capital contribution, directional issuance of national debt, stock listing to raise funds, etc. The general principle is to overcome the mechanism of career prospecting and change the mechanism of mineral exploration relying on state financial funds for prospecting. Investors in geological exploration must be legal persons, bear the responsibility of maintaining and increasing value, and make them really care about mineral exploration results. In recent years, the investment in non-oil and gas exploration in normal years in the world is about 3.5 billion to 4 billion dollars. At present, the consumption of major mineral products in China accounts for more than 20% of the world's total consumption. According to this ratio, the total non-oil and gas exploration capital in China in the next five years should not be less than 6 billion yuan/year.
(B) the establishment of exploration capital market
Through the capital market, it is mainly to solve the decentralization and socialization of mineral exploration risks. Without the support of relatively perfect capital market and financial derivatives, commercial mineral exploration cannot achieve rapid growth. Commercial mineral exploration is an industry with large capital flow, which belongs to long-term venture capital and has natural dependence on the capital market. Almost no large mining company in foreign market economy countries is not a listed company, but at present, the mining industry in China is basically a cash production mode, which is mainly supported by the cash flow of the enterprise itself. If there is no mining capital market to resolve risks and realize mining rights, it is difficult for commercial mineral exploration to form an exit mechanism. According to relevant analysis, commercial mineral exploration relies on the advantages of capital market support: first, if the risks of commercial mineral exploration are borne by all shareholders, the absolute value of the risks will be minimized; Second, once the commercial mineral exploration shows results, due to the linkage of resources and capital, under the mode of listed companies, the company's financing ability will be enhanced and its response will be sensitive. Third, when the resources are fully proved and have development value, listed companies can raise project development funds by issuing additional shares, which is extremely efficient; Fourth, when controlling shareholders or shareholders want to invest in other industries, they can withdraw from the stock market at any time to realize the realization of mining rights.
Relying on capital market financing, the key is to have credibility in the evaluation of exploration projects. At present, China still lacks independent geologists and other market intermediaries. At the initial stage, we can consider organizing geological exploration projects approved by relevant geological experts by the government and raising geological exploration funds through stock listing. Gradually establish and improve relevant policies and intermediary systems in development.
(C) the establishment of various forms of investment and financing support system
Explore multi-channel and multi-mode investment and financing support policies for mineral exploration. Including the establishment of a national geological exploration fund (working capital); Establish a risk exploration mechanism in which local financial and social funds participate in mineral exploration and enjoy rights and interests; Establish a government risk sharing mechanism to provide loan guarantees or subsidies for approved exploration projects. Change the practice of arranging geological exploration projects for mineral resources compensation fees, increase the proportion of local retention, and use most of the funds as subsidies for discovering mineral resources and proven reserves. Where a legal person enterprise discovers large and medium-sized mineral resources by itself, it shall pay compensation fees for mineral resources according to the scale of mineral resources reserves it has discovered.
On the basis of scientific evaluation, enterprises are allowed to mortgage loans with commercial mining rights (exploration rights and mining rights that have not yet been put into development). In order to eliminate commercial banks' worries about risk expectation (in fact, the risk is not great), the state can assign tasks to policy banks at the initial stage of implementing this policy.
Three, the implementation of fiscal and tax support policies to promote mineral exploration.
The functions of fiscal and taxation support policies are mainly reflected in two aspects: one is to reduce the risk of exploration investment (share the risk); The second is to increase investment in exploration (enhance investment capacity). Reduce the risk of exploration investment and encourage and increase exploration investment through financial subsidies and tax policies.
There are three main ways of financial support for mineral exploration: one is career funds. Provide funds for the investigation and evaluation of public welfare mineral resources, improve the level of geological research in the whole country or some areas, and increase the information of geological prospecting, thus reducing or reducing the prospecting risk of mineral exploration investors. The second is exploration subsidies. Give subsidies to mineral exploration projects. Subsidies are determined according to the national macro-control objectives and mineral resources. Including: due to the poor natural abundance of domestic mineral resources and lack of international competitiveness, subsidies are given to improve the self-sufficiency of domestic resources; Some subsidize the old mines in order to solve the resource crisis, relieve the pressure of unemployment and maintain social stability; Some subsidies are to support the development of certain fields and minerals and solve specific political and economic goals. The subsidy mechanism is to match the financial funds with the funds of subsidized enterprises in proportion, and * * * will be invested in mineral exploration. If the prospecting is successful, they will share their rights and interests according to their respective proportions; If the exploration fails, the government will cancel the subsidy to reduce the risk loss of the enterprise. The third is capital investment. By increasing the capital of state-owned mines and geological prospecting units, enterprises will assume the responsibility of maintaining and increasing the value of capital.
(A) the reform of geological exploration fees system
Under the planned economy system, geological prospecting fees are collected as geological work funds, and the verification system is implemented without investment. After localization, the state's use of geological prospecting fees can be divided into four categories: retirees' funds, recurrent expenditures, geological exploration work funds, and 10% national capital transfer. From a practical point of view, the main part of the current geological prospecting fee no longer carries the functions of exploration and prospecting. Reform the geological exploration fees that are not worthy of the name, and set aside regular work funds, public welfare geological survey fees, mineral exploration investment, etc. According to the actual expenditure direction. The reformed geological prospecting fee system should be managed by double budget method, which is divided into recurrent fee and construction fee management.
Recurrent expenses mainly guarantee the head expenses of retirees and the wages of on-the-job employees before a certain year. With the deepening of enterprise in geological prospecting units, workers will gradually turn to social endowment insurance. Constructive expenses are mainly used for public welfare geological work (that is, the results can be made public to the society), risk subsidies for general prospecting and limited subsidies for commercial mineral exploration. The funds for public welfare geological work are allocated by the competent department of Geology and Mineral Resources of the State Council at the first level, and the opening of qualified national geological exploration institutions is mainly implemented by means of departmental entrustment, and also by means of pilot bidding. The prospecting risk subsidy in the general survey mainly determines the subsidized minerals and subsidy base through the prospecting guidelines formulated by the competent government departments, and writes off the failed projects. For mines with commercial development value, geological prospecting units have priority exploration and mining rights according to intangible assets, and mining rights can enter the market for trading, and taxes and fees can be reduced or exempted according to relevant policies.
(B) the establishment of mineral exploration risk subsidies
Financial funds should be transformed into subsidies for risk exploration and support for high-risk mineral exploration. Establish financial funds as subsidies, clarify subsidy conditions, and focus on supporting key projects of some important minerals, regions and mining areas. Change the practice of arranging geological exploration projects for mineral resources compensation fees, increase the proportion of local retention, and use most of the funds as subsidies for discovering mineral resources and proven reserves. Where a legal person enterprise discovers large and medium-sized mineral resources by itself, it shall pay compensation fees for mineral resources according to a certain proportion of its discovered mineral resources reserves. Learn from foreign practices and implement the exploration subsidy plan. For high-risk exploration projects, the prospector shall apply and give a certain percentage of subsidies to projects that meet the prescribed conditions. The national risk subsidy and capital increase system can also be implemented in the general survey and prospecting work (the national risk fee is 70% ~ 80% of the total), and the national risk fee will be written off if the exploration fails. If the exploration is successful, the registered assets will be handed over to the local exploration unit for capital increase. The exploration degree of this work can only be basic until the abnormality is confirmed.
(three) the implementation of the "mineral resources depletion subsidy" policy.
Mining companies are allowed to use a certain proportion of pre-tax income for mineral exploration, that is, the sales income invested by the state in mining companies is exempt from various taxes. Encourage mining companies to develop new alternative resources. The purpose of implementing this system is to increase exploration investment. Implementing resource depletion subsidies for mining enterprises to explore in the deep and near periphery of mining areas is conducive to enhancing the exploration investment capacity of mining enterprises and making them gradually transition to completely solving the problem of resource replacement by mining enterprises themselves. According to relevant research conclusions, the increase of recoverable reserves in the world mainly comes from the deep and peripheral areas of mining areas. This policy is of great practical significance for solving the problem of continuous resources of crisis mines in China.
(four) the implementation of the pre tax deduction system for exploration investment.
The exploration cost of the deposit is included in the mine production cost, and the exploration cost of other unsuccessful exploration projects of the enterprise is also included in the mine production cost. For bulk minerals with prospecting potential and shortage in China, the incentive policy of double fee deduction can be implemented. Draw lessons from Canada's practice and allow taxpayers to deduct all exploration and development expenses from "any income" immediately. No matter what industry or individual invests in mineral development and exploration activities, the income from mineral exploration and development can be reduced or exempted, and various tax reduction and exemption policies can be implemented for mineral exploration and development investment in different periods and forms, thus effectively regulating the growth rate of social mineral exploration investment. You can even double the tax deduction. For example, in Manitoba, Canada, 150% of the exploration expenditure can be used as a tax credit, allowing accelerated depreciation and attracting exploration investors to enter the province. Mining enterprises should also be allowed to withdraw mineral exploration funds before tax according to the output of mineral products in accordance with the practice of oil and gas enterprises, so as to reduce mine taxes.
(5) Implement the method of reducing exploration risk by stages.
According to the needs of different exploration stages and social development, many western countries have taken various measures, such as "full deduction", tax relief, secured loans, depletion subsidies, exploration subsidies and so on. To realize the risk-taking of state, individual and organizational investors and explorers, and effectively activate the capital market and exploration activities.
The risks of mining activities are mainly concentrated in the exploration stage, especially in the general survey (preliminary exploration) stage, and policy measures are taken to reduce the risks or the government shares some risks. First, most countries can deduct all the income from the preliminary investigation expenditure (including some investment in the early stage of mining), which directly increases the income of exploration investment (reduces the risk); Second, the United States, Japan and other countries not only implement various deductions, but also provide secured loans or subsidies for approved exploration projects, and the failed exploration will be written off, and the successful exploration will be repaid year by year after the mine development is profitable; Third, some countries, such as the United States, also implement a "depletion subsidy" system for mining, aiming at increasing exploration investment. It is suggested that China explicitly give up the price of exploration right in the general survey and below the general survey level in policy. This part of the price is not big, and investors who are conducive to general survey and detailed investigation can use it. In this way, the country can obtain greater resource benefits and social and economic benefits from the development of the whole mining industry.
Four, support policies to encourage exploration technology innovation.
Breakthrough in geological prospecting depends on technological innovation. The innovative research and development, technology introduction and popularization of new metallogenic theory and prospecting technology need strong policy support from the government.
In the investigation and evaluation of geology and mineral resources, the current methods and technologies can not meet the needs of the work, such as the lack of fast, cheap and efficient three-dimensional geological mapping technology; Geophysical and geochemical exploration technology can not solve the problem of deep prospecting well; Analysis and testing technology can't keep up with the development of investigation and evaluation; Geological observation records have not been digitized. Due to the obstacles of system and mechanism, the separation of scientific research and investigation is very common in China's geological survey. Insufficient attention is paid to applied basic research, the existing new methods and technologies are not mature enough, the practicability is not strong, and the conversion rate of geological scientific and technological achievements is low. Due to the localization of geological prospecting team, the popularization and application of geological prospecting technology has become increasingly prominent. In the application of exploration technology, the instruments and methods actually used in the first line of field production are quite backward. A considerable number of users of geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing technologies have low levels of work arrangement, application software mastery and comprehensive data interpretation, and the level of drilling technology users is generally low, which seriously affects the exploration technology to play its due role.
(1) Increase the government's investment in research on new theories, technologies and methods of exploration and prospecting, and guide and promote technological progress in the field of geological exploration.
Compilation and implementation of geological science and technology planning; Carry out a new round of metallogenic zoning; Promote the combination of geological science and technology and mineral exploration; Explore the income distribution system to mobilize the enthusiasm of geological and scientific personnel.
(two) give play to the promotion and demonstration role of public geological survey and scientific research institutions in the popularization and application of technology.
Vigorously develop geological science and technology education, promote the integration of earth science and high technology, narrow the gap with the world advanced level as soon as possible, strive to enhance the supporting ability of scientific and technological progress to geological work, and promote the modernization of geological work. Through the adjustment of professional structure and team capacity building, we will enrich and strengthen the front-line technical force and continuously enhance the ability of field investigation, scientific research and socialized service. Mainly to increase investment in technical equipment maintenance and operation. Provide technical support services for mineral exploration for enterprises.
(C) the implementation of policies to encourage technological innovation in enterprises
Encourage technological innovation and theoretical breakthrough of exploration enterprises, and give tax relief and financial support to mineral exploration projects of different minerals and regions with breakthrough innovation significance in prospecting technology and theory.
Five, improve the government management and service system
Improve the management institutions and functions of commercial mineral exploration and strengthen the management of exploration industry; Improve the system of policies and regulations with the protection of mining rights as the core; Improve the service system based on public welfare geological survey information; Establish a market supervision system centered on standardizing the exploration right market.
(1) Legal and policy support
Establish and improve the basic framework of laws, regulations and policies for commercial mineral exploration; Guide the rational layout of mineral exploration through the implementation of mineral exploration planning; Clarify the key areas and minerals of commercial mineral exploration and guide the investment direction of commercial exploration.
(B) to strengthen industry management
The government strengthens the planning, management, guidance, coordination and service of industry development and geological and mineral exploration, and organizes industry associations to formulate various industry norms and technical and economic standards needed by the exploration market, as well as the qualifications and professional standards of intermediary services and technical services. For example, if it is different from the budget price standard of commercial mineral exploration for public welfare geological work, the market price standard of exploration in different regions will be studied and formulated through intermediaries or directly affiliated research institutions, and published regularly for local reference. Coordinate with relevant departments to improve the external environment of exploration work. At present, conflicts and contradictions between exploration and land management departments, mining enterprises, forestry, agriculture and environmental protection departments occur from time to time. It is necessary to strengthen the coordination among government departments and comprehensively improve the mining investment environment in China.
(3) Strengthen market supervision
The government constructs the supervision and service system of exploration market; Make full use of information technology, establish a mining right information disclosure system, establish a mining right supervision information system, and form an effective restraint mechanism for government and enterprise behavior.
(D) Effective macro-control
Judging from the optimal allocation of mineral exploration itself and the role of mineral resources in economic and social development, the main objectives of government macro-control are: first, to improve the effective supply of domestic mineral resources; The second is to promote the rational utilization of mineral resources; Third, support the economic development of some places; Fourth, improve the competitiveness of domestic mining industry in the world; The fifth is to solve some social problems. Through the formulation of mineral resources planning and mineral exploration planning, rational distribution of exploration rights, guide and standardize the exploration rights market, and form a reasonable market competition mechanism.
(5) Provide effective information service support.
Strengthen public geological survey and evaluation, give play to its guiding and standardizing role in commercial mineral exploration, and establish a linkage and coordination mechanism between public and commercial geological work. Through the national mineral resources evaluation and public welfare geological work, it provides a good prospecting information platform for commercial geological work and reduces the investment risk of commercial mineral exploration. Commercial discoveries in public welfare work are sold to the public in accordance with the law. Standardize the standards and processes of information services, build a convenient service platform, improve service efficiency, and reduce service costs and expenses. Clarify national and local public welfare information service institutions, improve all kinds of information service infrastructure, and provide prospecting information. Public welfare, regional, basic geological survey and strategic mineral exploration results information announcement.
Establish a public welfare geological work evaluation system with information service as the main assessment index. Take the follow-up of commercial exploration investment as one of the important signs to test the success of public welfare geological work. The experience of Canada and Australia shows that for every 1 yuan invested by the government in geological survey, 3 ~ 4 yuan is invested in commercial mineral exploration. If valuable mineral deposits are found, the government will invest 1 yuan for geological survey, which will bring wealth to 250 yuan.
(6) Establish and improve an independent intermediary service system.
Intermediary organization is an indispensable intermediate link in the commercial mineral exploration market. A deposit usually takes decades from exploration, feasibility study and construction to production and pit closure. Need to have the support of perfect related intermediary services, including legal services, mining right evaluation, reserve evaluation, financing consultation, etc. Give play to the positive role of intermediary institutions in establishing industry norms, promoting industry self-discipline, information consulting services, domestic and foreign exchanges, technology and management support.