2. Jiumenkou
3. Weiziyu
4. dongjiakou
5. Banchangyu
The mountains in Qinhuangdao are undulating, and the Great Wall of Wan Li runs through the whole territory, which is the most essential section of the Great Wall. The series tours of the Great Wall, such as Laolongtou, the first pass in the world, Changshou Mountain, Jiaoshan Great Wall and Mengjiangnv Temple, are favored by tourists.
Qinhuangdao has the Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Sui and Ming Great Walls, which are distributed in Shanhaiguan, Funing, Qinglong and Lulong. The Great Wall of Ming Dynasty was built in Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, and it was built successively in Qin Long and Wanli period. Zhen Ji Town, one of the nine towns, has a total jurisdiction of about 17 1 km. The Ming Great Wall in Qinhuangdao is the essence of the Great Wall in Wan Li. The core of the wall is rammed concrete, both sides are bricked, the top is blue brick or flaky, and the top is crib wall, wall with perforation, observation hole and drainage hole. There are more than 600 hollow enemy platforms, solid enemy platforms and beacon towers along the wall, most of which were built when Qi Jiguang was the commander-in-chief of Jiyun Town. The hollow enemy platform, which can store grain, accumulate wages, station troops, watch and defend against the enemy, is his original creation, greatly enhancing the defensive function of the Great Wall, and also transforming the Great Wall of Wan Li from a simple "long wall" into a variety of solid military defense lines. Laolongtou, Shanhaiguan and Jiumenkou have become world-famous tourist attractions. In addition, the "Zimutai" in the southwest of Jiumenkou Village in Funing built a half-moon "Zimutai" outside the enemy-fixing platform, the fan-shaped enemy-fixing platform at the border of Lingkou, and the irregular/\ angular enemy-fixing beacon tower in Dashiku Village are all isolated cases on the Great Wall of Wan Li. Lulong Liujiakou Watergate is also one of the few well-preserved sluices along the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, which has extremely important reference value for studying the Great Wall architecture.
(1) Jiao Shan, adjacent to Shanhaiguan Tower, is the first mountain that the Great Wall climbed from the Bohai Sea. The boulder on the mountain is like the corner of a dragon's head, hence the name Jiao Shan. Cape Mountain is not too high, only over 500 meters above sea level, but it is handsome, steep and unique. Especially the Great Wall in Jiao Shan is unique.
There is a small pass in front of Jiaoshan Mountain-Hanmen Pass, from which the Great Wall turns north and enters the mountainous area. The gatehouse was built during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1398). Guancheng has two parts: the tower and the tower. A brick arch ticket gate was opened in the center of the city platform. 1986 When the gatehouse was repaired, a stone tablet and the words "Hanmenguan" were added to the upper part of the voucher cave. The terrain outside the cold gate is flat and suitable for farming. According to the sergeant system of "three points for guarding the customs and seven points for ploughing the fields" in the Ming Dynasty, it is likely that this is the place where the customs guards cultivated and harvested food.
Halfway up the mountain in Jiao Shan, there is the Jiao Shan Pass built in the early Ming Dynasty. This pass is a stone building with an irregular quadrangle, and the east and west sides are the main lines of the Great Wall. Open a door in the south of the city, and there is a passage to the mountain. There is a building in the city, five rooms wide and two rooms deep, which is where the soldiers guarding the city put weapons, ammunition and food.
From the Great Wall at the foot of Hanmen Mountain, it passes along the steep ridge, rising layer by layer and towering into the sky. There are enemy platforms and battle platforms 5.
Block, pass 1. The Great Wall of Jiao Shan is a typical mountain Great Wall, and a dangerous wall was built on the steep mountain with cliffs. The outer side of the wall is high and the inner side is low, which is used for defense. The famous Jiao Shan No.1 and Luzhentai stand by the mountain and echo each other from afar, while the drought gate is closed in front of the mountain, which shows that "the natural barrier has been in Jiao Shan since ancient times"
Zhenlutai, located at the top of Jiao Shan, is a beacon tower built in the 44th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1565). Zhenlu Station is a quadrilateral solid pier with a rectangular plane and pointing upwards. Abutment body is masonry structure, the lower part is built with large rubble, the upper part is built with white mortar, and the center of abutment is compacted with soil-mixed gravel. Looking from Shanhaiguan City, Lutai Town stands like a brave guard on the top of Jiao Shan. In the Ming dynasty, when the border was tight, it could observe the surrounding movements at any time and accurately predict the enemy's situation, which became the guarantee for the residents of Shanhaiguan City to live a stable life.
There is a quaint and elegant Seven Sages Temple in the dense forest halfway up the mountain in Jiao Shan, also known as Jiao Shan Temple, which was built in the early Ming Dynasty. Xiao Xian, a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, Zhan Rong, a left assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and Ji Zheng, a military supervisor, all lived here and devoted themselves to their studies, so they are known as the "cradle of Shanhaiguan culture". When you visit Qixian Temple in summer and autumn rainy season, you will encounter "the mountain temple is too clear, with rain and sunshine on the top." Looking down at the dragon fight in front of the steps, the sun and the moon are hanging high outside the threshold.
Dapingding, the highest peak in Jiao Shan, is an ideal place to watch the sunrise. On a sunny day, looking at the east at dawn, I saw a red sun suddenly jump out of the sea. At this time, the crimson of the sea and the brilliant red of the sky are integrated, just like a blooming lotus, holding up a red sun. This is the famous "Ruilian Holding the Sun" scenic spot.
(2) The Jiumenkou Great Wall was built in the Northern Qi Dynasty (AD 479-502) and expanded in 138 1 in the early Ming Dynasty. Before the Ming Dynasty, this was an important military pass. Jiumenkou Great Wall is1.704m long, which is the only section of Wan Li Great Wall in China. Its river-crossing wall is over 65,438+000 meters long. Jiujiang River passes through nine sluices under the city. "The city walks on the mountain and the water flows down the city", and the scenery is spectacular.
The entrance belongs to the Yanshan Mountains, with overlapping peaks. The mountain is high and the slope is steep. Qinglong river flows between two mountains. Rivers dry up in the dry season and mountain torrents surge in the rainy season. The water in the mountains is first-class, and the water is turbulent, just like "thousands of valleys return to Jingmen", and the stone turns to sand, which is unstoppable. During the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, Governor Xu Da went to Shanhaiguan to build the Great Wall. Here, in order to have high walls to resist enemies and floods, nine gates were expanded in the valley of the Great Wall. In the 18th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1892), the roadbed and six Watergate tunnels were destroyed by floods, and were rebuilt in the 30th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1904). At that time, in order to protect the Great Wall from the flood, the city builders laid continuous giant granite slats around the piers and upstream and downstream of the ground, covering an area of 7,000 square meters, and used more than 6,543,800+2,000 slats. The riverbed paved with stones under the sluice looks like huge slabs from a distance, so Jiumenkou is also called "a stone".
Jiumenkou Waterfront Great Wall is located in the southwest of Shanhaiguan 15km and 6km south of Jiangnv Temple, which is an important pass of the Ming Great Wall. It is called "the first level of JD" in the literature. COM ",so its position on the Great Wall Line is very important.
The mountains around Jiumenkou are towering, the boulders are towering, the valleys are deep, and the peaks overlap in summer and autumn. The Great Wall twists and turns with the mountain, winding to the north, and the valleys on both sides are mixed with flowers and trees, especially the perfect combination of the Great Wall and natural landscape, which adds a lot of color to Jiumenkou. In September, 2002, it was rated as a world cultural heritage. The Ming Great Wall is located in the southwest of Suizhong County, with a total length of 44 kilometers.
The Great Wall of China is divided into two sections: the first section is located in the southwest of Jiabao, Yonganbao and Jiabeiyan, with a total length of 3 1km. It was built in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty and belongs to the main line of the Great Wall of Wan Li in Ming Dynasty. The other section is the branch line of Wan Li Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, Jinniu Cave in Nanzi Shandong, with a total length of 13km. The Great Wall is magnificent, and the beautiful natural environment attracts tourists picturesque.
(3) Huachangyu and Weiziyu are located 32km and 28km north of Qinhuangdao respectively. Huachangyu and Weiziyu are two small mouths of the Great Wall south of Yiyuankou, and they are two valleys that enter Zushan from East Road. Huachangyu Great Wall is mainly composed of stone carvings, and Weiziyu Great Wall is mainly composed of steles.
The seventh platform on the north side of Huachangyu, commonly known as the Little Daughter-in-law Building, is located on the western hill of Huabeigou, Huachangyu. The content of stone carving is to carve potted lotus flowers in the middle of the stone on the coupon, and the deer on both sides are symmetrical with lotus flowers; A lotus flower is carved horizontally on the sill stone on both sides of the middle; Pomegranate trees are carved on the pillars on both sides of the lower part. The pattern is carved by land reduction method, and the lines are rough and delicate. The two deer turned back, as if afraid that someone would snatch the lotus from their mouths. Vivid modeling and great artistic value. These exquisite reliefs of the Great Wall enemy platform have entrusted the defenders with their yearning for a stable and beautiful life. Objectively beautify the enemy buildings and add a touch of warmth to the cold military defense facilities. There are a large number of steles on the Great Wall in Weiziyu, and there are 15 steles between 13 enemy platforms, so it is called the forest of steles. From the content point of view, it can be divided into two types: building a platform memorial tablet and building a wall memorial tablet.
Take the south side 1 as an example, the inscription reads: "During the autumn defense in the thirty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Dezhou Battalion completed the construction of the enemy platform at the top of eleven hectares, with a perimeter of 12 feet, a nine-story cornerstone, three watchtowers on the top and three bunks on the bottom", and then lists the names of officials at all levels involved in leading the construction of the platform, one for each. These officials include Governor Shuntian, Governor Yan Cha of Zhili, Magistrate Yongping, Chief Commander, Vice President of the Association of East Asian Nations, Senator Shimendao, an official in Yiyuankou, and a guerrilla in Dezhou camp. Taking the 1 tablet on the eighth Tainan wall in the south as an example, the inscription reads: "Guo Guan, the head of the left part of the alighting camp, determined that the West (Stop) Qingshi enemy platform was true, and the second-class side wall was ten feet and six feet, which was calculated according to the formula. In September of the thirty-sixth year of Wanli, Ji Dan. "
These inscriptions not only clearly record the specifications, size and construction date of the enemy platform or city wall, but also provide us with a valuable material basis for understanding the composition of the construction team, management system and even the official system in the Ming Dynasty.
Jiaojiaogou outside Huachangyu is an anti-Japanese revolutionary area, where the county government once lived. Walking into the mountains, you can reach the North Longtan Scenic Area of Zushan Scenic Area and appreciate the poetic realm of "looking at the waterfall hanging in front of the river".
(4) dongjiakou is 49 kilometers north of Qinhuangdao. Surrounded by mountains and lush vegetation. There are 36 enemy towers, 28 wall towers, 6 beacon towers/KLOC-0 and 3 castles along the Great Wall nearby, with a total length of 8.9 kilometers and the highest elevation of 556 meters. Except for the castle, the rest are well preserved so far.
The three castles were the three Guancheng in Ming Dynasty, namely dongjiakou Castle, damao mountain Castle and Chengziyu Castle, which were the residences of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty and gradually developed into villages. 1 km east of dongjiakou Village is Damaoshan Village, and 2 km west of dongjiakou Village is Chengziyu Village. A developed section of the Great Wall is in the north of damao mountain Village, with six enemy platforms. The highlights are as follows:
The arrow tower, built on the top of the peak of 100 meters high, can look around the enemy. In addition to doors and windows, there are 24 perforations on the four walls.
1 The "Double Lion Hydrangea" building on the east side of the platform, with the pattern of "Double Lion Hydrangea" carved on the doorstone, shaped Gu Zhuo, from which we can appreciate the characteristics of stone carving in the Ming Dynasty.
Barrier, there is a barrier on the wall from the second platform (Sunjialou) in the west to the mountain root.
Paving stone foundation, there are four stone foundations on the top of Sunjialou, which are shaped like one end of a drum and are wooden column foundations for building houses. It can be seen that the roof pavement is brick-wood structure.
It turns out that the Great Wall also has four views in other areas:
"Loyal to the country" building, No.3 on the west side of dongjiakou, with "Loyal to the country" and "Serving the country" engraved on both ends of the door stone. The channel structure of the enemy platform is a cloister type, and the roof is a caisson type, that is, it gradually shrinks upward and presents a small flat top shape.
The outer wall ticket door, the wall of platform 5 on the west side of dongjiakou, opens a ticket door on the outside. In other places, doors are opened from the inside to facilitate soldiers to go up and down the city wall. This place is open to the outside world, and when the enemy invades, you can go out of the city wall to meet the invading enemy.
Pinglou, Building 6 on the west side of dongjiakou, is flat and long, with two tickets in the north-south direction, five arrow windows on the north wall and six arrow windows on the south wall, commonly known as Six Eye Building, which is relatively rare. There is a beacon tower on the top of the mountain not far from the north, marked with an altitude of 46 1.2 meters.
The cave is located in the north riverbed of Chengziyu, which is called the cave locally. A large number of weapons were found inside and outside the building, such as arrows, stones, gunpowder and iron cannons. The most valuable are three female spears and 24 Zhi Zi spears, which are made of copper. They were all cast during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty and shipped by Qi Jiguang when he was a general in Jiyun Town, Qin Long. Now some of them are exhibited in China Military Museum, and the rest are collected by Funing County Cultural Relics Management Office.
There is also a scenic spot around. There is a Guandi Temple in Zouliuhe Village, which is 3 kilometers away from dongjiakou. The scale is not large, but the murals and couplets are of high grade, such as the murals Ci Cao and Knife Chyi Chin. The couplet "Holding a candle" is not to avoid suspicion, but to return to the Han Dynasty. Will Huarong Road repay Germany for a while? "