Procuratorial system?
A basic feature of the inspection and evaluation system is that elections are held in rural areas and recommended by the Chief Executive. Although it provided the feudal rulers of Han Dynasty with all kinds of talents needed by the country, it expanded the foundation of rulers and played a certain role in history. However, after the implementation of the tea bureau system for a long time, its disadvantages are increasingly apparent. This situation has become more prominent since the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Generally speaking, there are three reasons:
First, inspectors seek personal gain from others. The evaluation system enables the central and local administrative heads to recommend talents, but there are no objective and specific selection criteria, so it is easy for promoters to choose people according to their own subjective will. They often take some ordinary literati who are flattering, obedient and able to repay their kindness as the object of investigation. This unfair selection phenomenon was sharply commented at that time: "counties and counties give filial piety, and those who can repay personal kindness when they are young are often abandoned."
The second is the requirements of dignitaries. Tea house is not only a normal way for people to be officials, but also powerful nobles and officials will rely on their social status to ask for help and pay bribes for their descendants, relatives and friends. Because of the fear of power, the tea drinker had to give the quota generously to the requester against his will.
The third is the acquisition of scholars. There are a certain number of places in the county, government agencies are often set up, and officials also have a certain number of staff. In the case of a large number of applicants, scholars will fight for the qualification of being inspected by any means. This has affected the normal selection of talents and the clear management of officials, resulting in a social atmosphere in which scholars do not do their proper work but only seek vanity. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became more and more fierce, and finally became a factor contributing to the demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Zheng Zhi system with nine grades, also known as the official law with nine grades, was an important official selection system in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In order to win over the gentry, Wei Wendi Cao Pi adopted Chen Qun's opinion. On the eve of Cao Pi's usurpation of the Han Dynasty, the first year of Yankang (220) was formulated by Chen Qun, a senior official of Wei Department. This system was gradually improved in the Western Jin Dynasty and changed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It inherited the imperial examination system in Han Dynasty and initiated the imperial examination in Sui and Tang Dynasties. It occupies a very important position in the history of China's ancient political system, and it is one of the three major official selection systems in China's feudal society. From the beginning of Cao Wei to the establishment of imperial examinations in Sui and Tang Dynasties, it existed for about 400 years.
The implementation of the Nine-product System makes the bureaucracy bloated, which not only consumes a lot of money from the national treasury, but also is inefficient. It is mainly to strengthen the gate valve system, and further strengthen the phenomenon of "no poverty for the top grade and no home for the bottom grade" that has continued to the Tang Dynasty since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which leads to the gate valve mastering the actual power and suppressing the mobility of social classes.
imperial examination system
A large part of the imperial examination and its participants can directly serve as officials, and the principle of selecting officials through examinations can be realized in the imperial examination system. The core spirit of selecting officials in examinations is the survival of the fittest. The imperial examination, which is based on the principles of open examination, fair competition and merit-based admission, is the most basic way of competition in China's ancient official selection system. However, from the birth to the end of the imperial examination system, family background, interpersonal network, power and money transactions, personal preferences and other factors have impacted and interfered with the principle of fair competition.