Many overseas scholars who study China culture, after exploration and thinking, often turn their attention to Fujian culture, among which Minnan culture is highly concerned. In Japanese academic circles, all scholars who study China culture, China culture and overseas Chinese have turned their attention to the study of Minnan culture when the academic atmosphere allows them to enter here after studying Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong.
Purdue University
According to historical records, Quanzhou divided its jurisdiction into three "corners" in the history of Yuan Dynasty: east, south and west. The Ming dynasty followed the yuan system. In the Qing Dynasty, the north corner of the city was added, and there were 36 "shops" under the four corners, and each "shop" was divided into several "sides". This is the beginning of the words "Putin" and "36 stores" that are often heard in Quanzhou today. In the past, on July 15, people paid homage to their parents in front of Boss Mu and Pudu Gong at the gate. At present, ancestor worship is held on the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, and in July of the lunar calendar, Purdue takes turns on a daily basis. According to the memories of the old people, only 36 shops took turns to do Purdue in the late Qing Dynasty.
According to some written materials of later generations and the oral accounts of the old people, taking turns to Pudu originated in the Qing Dynasty, because the sacrificial behavior was concentrated and the demand for sacrifice was also concentrated, and the market supply and demand were tight in July and a half. People often fight for shopping. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the local squire wrote a letter and drew lots to decide the date of alternate Purdue in Shop 36 of the City Hall, while each family still worshipped their ancestors in the first half of July. Since then, Licheng District and some related villages have taken turns to do Purdue on the basis of paving roads. Now Quanzhou, in the whole old July, almost every day there will be a few corners to do Purdue, but residents in any corner will not do Purdue on July 15th, and they must worship their ancestors first.
Purdue, an old-fashioned house in the city, is similar to a house in the countryside, where tables are set, food and wine are placed, and gold is burned in the courtyard or inside or outside the door. With the increase of high-rise multi-family mixed buildings, there is a problem of Purdue Sacrificial Site. From this case, we can see that there are generally three ferry modes for building residents:
1, offering sacrifices in the corridor inside the gate and burning gold outside the building;
2. Put a sacrifice outside your own gate in the corridor and burn gold outside the building;
3. Go down to the first floor and burn gold in the open air.
This is the result of residents' adjustment between the new lifestyle and the traditional sacrificial behavior. Among the three methods, burning gold should be carried out outside the building, not only for safety or ventilation, but for people to inherit traditional consciousness.
Minnan people are a branch of Fulao clan. They are mainly distributed in Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwan Province provinces in Fujian, and Chaoshan, Leizhou and Hainan Island in Guangdong. The language they speak is a branch of Fujian dialect, called Minnan dialect.
The sub-dialects of Minnan dialect are also quite complicated, which can be divided into Zhangzhou dialect, Quanzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect, Taiwan dialect, Chaoshan dialect, Leizhou dialect and Hainan dialect. Only residents who speak Zhangzhou dialect, Quanzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect and Taiwan dialect can communicate. Residents who speak Chaoshan dialect, Leizhou dialect and Hainan dialect cannot talk to each other at all.
Minnan language-cultural origin
There is a building called "arcade" in the ancient city of Quanzhou. Today, the streets and lanes built in the 1920s, including Zhongshan Road, Tumen Street and Dongjie Street, still retain this architectural pattern. This kind of arcade building originated from Nanyang, a settlement of overseas Chinese in Quanzhou, and became an important part of traditional local architecture in Quanzhou, in addition to the red tile roof, dovetail ridge, bare brick or bare brick exterior wall.
In addition to architecture, Quanzhou also has "Nanyin", "Nanxi" and "Nanguan", which are regarded as "local accent" by Southeast Asians. In a broad sense, "Nanguan" refers to the music of China Southern Language Family. However, the Nanguan Opera preserved in Taiwan Province Province today refers to the "Liyuan Opera", the oldest drama in Minnan language family, which spread to Xiamen City, Taiwan Province Province and Nanyang, where there are many overseas Chinese in southern Fujian. So far, there are Nanyin organizations in Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong, Macau and Quanji, as well as in the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar and other countries.
Chen Yuanguang was an important figure in the development of Zhangzhou in Tang Dynasty. He had a great influence on the establishment of Zhangzhou regime and the spread of Central Plains culture, and was honored as "King Zhang Kai" by later generations. At present, there are more than 300 Chen Yuanguang temples in Taiwan Province Province. Mr. Liao Zhenghao, president of China Taiwanese Business Service Association, said: "In our hearts, we all regard' Zhang Kai Wang Sheng' as the patron saint."
With abundant resources for Taiwan, in recent years, Zhangzhou City has promoted Xiao Yun and Zhangpu Wei Hui Temple, Longhai Bai Jiao Tzu Chi Palace, Xiangcheng Wu Miao, Confucius Temple, Nanshan Temple, Dongshan Guandi Temple and Pinghe Sanping Temple, with the brand of "Zhang Kai Wang Sheng Culture" as the leading factor, and made great efforts to expand Zhangzhou's platform for exchanging folk beliefs with Taiwan, making it an important spiritual bond to deepen the affection of people in Zhangtai. On June 5438+065438+1October 65438+May 2005, Guan Gong's broadsword, Guan Di's statue and cultural relics of Gu Wu Temple in Zhangzhou were invited to Taiwan for exhibition accompanied by a delegation of six people from Zhangzhou Wu Miao Religious Exchange Group. Since then, this statue has toured around the island, with great respect and strong incense. There are more than 65,438+000 temples on the island to welcome and worship. According to local media, the Emperor's trip to Taiwan Province was unprecedented, and he was warmly welcomed everywhere.